北京市学生2016—2020年法定和重点监测传染病发病情况

徐文婕; 白承续; 陈东妮; 夏志伟; 吴双胜; 郭欣; 杨鹏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025098

北京市学生2016—2020年法定和重点监测传染病发病情况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025098

徐文婕¹,
白承续¹,
陈东妮¹,
夏志伟¹,
吴双胜^1, ,,
郭欣^2, ,,
杨鹏¹

1.
北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所, 北京 100013
2.
中国疾病预防控制中心

基金项目:

2021年中央引导地方科技发展资金项目 Z211100000221019

详细信息

作者简介:
徐文婕(1986- )，女，甘肃省人，硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为学校卫生。

通讯作者:
吴双胜，E-mail：wushuangsheng0606@126.com

郭欣，E-mail：gguoxin2000@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R181.3⁺² R179 R51 R195
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-14
- 修回日期: 2025-01-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Incidence of statutory and key-monitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020

1.
Institute of School Health, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2016—2020年北京市学生法定和重点监测传染病的发病情况，为制定学校传染病防控策略提供参考依据。方法在“中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统”中选择2016—2020年北京市6~22岁的学生病例进行描述性统计分析；率的比较采用χ²检验和趋势χ²检验。结果 2016—2020年，北京市学生法定传染病和重点监测传染病发病率总体呈上升趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $=582.42)，乙类、其他类传染病发病率呈下降趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $值分别为82.71，18.34)；丙类传染病发病率呈上升趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $=991.75)(P值均 < 0.01)。乙类传染病中以猩红热、细菌性痢疾、肺结核、艾滋病病毒感染和艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)为主，年均发病率分别为61.33/10万、35.38/10万、13.88/10万、3.78/10万；除HIV/AIDS外，其余传染病报告发病率均有下降趋势。丙类传染病以流行性感冒、其他感染性腹泻、手足口病和流行性腮腺炎为主，年均发病率分别为956.13/10万、114.39/10万、111.37/10万、28.24/10万；其中流行性感冒呈上升趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $=1 508.30)，其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎发病率均呈下降趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $值分别为13.84，25.78，6.13)(P值均 < 0.05)。其他传染病以水痘为主，年均发病率呈下降趋势($\chi _{趋势}^2 $=17.47，P < 0.05)。猩红热、流行性感冒、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎在小学生和中学生中发病率较高，其他感染性腹泻、水痘在高中生中发病率较高，肺结核、细菌性痢疾在高中生、大学生中发病率较高，HIV/AIDS在大学生、高中生中发病率较高。结论 2016—2020年北京市学生人群中乙类传染病发病呈现下降趋势，丙类传染病中流行性感冒有大幅上升趋势。
- 传染病 /
- 人群监测 /
- 发病率 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence of statutory and key-monitored infectious diseases among school students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide a reference for developing the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on student cases aged 6-22 years in Beijing from 2016 to 2020 selected from the China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Rate comparisons were performed using the χ² test and trend χ² test. Results From 2016 to 2020, the overall incidence of statutory and key-monitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed an upward trend ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=582.42), the incidence rates of Category B and other infectious diseases exhibited a downward trend ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=82.71, 18.34), while Category C infectious diseases demonstrated a significant upward trend ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=911.75) (P < 0.01). Among Category B infectious diseases, scarlet fever, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 61.33/100 000, 35.38/100 000, 13.88/100 000, and 3.78/100 000, respectively. Except for HIV/AIDS, the reported incidence rates of other infectious diseases showed a declining trend. Among Category C infectious diseases, influenza, other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 956.13/100 000, 114.39/100 000, 111.37/100 000, and 28.24/100 000, respectively. Influenza showed a significant upward trend ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=1 508.30), while the other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps exhibited a downward trend ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=13.84, 25.78, 6.13) (P < 0.05). Among other infectious diseases, varicella was predominant ($\chi _{{\rm{trend}}}^2$=17.47, P < 0.05). Scarlet fever, influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps had higher incidence rates among primary and middle school students; other infectious diarrhea and varicella were more prevalent among high school students; tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery were more common among high school and college students; and HIV/AIDS had higher incidence rates among college and high school students. Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of Category B infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed a declining trend, while influenza, a Category C infectious disease, exhibited a significant upward trend.
- Communicable diseases /
- Population surveillance /
- Incidence /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 北京市2016—2020年学生法定及重点监测传染病报告发病率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reported incidence rates of notifiable and key monitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020

年份	乙类	丙类	其他	合计
2016	2 891(143.88)	8 202(408.21)	4 102(204.15)	15 195(756.24)
2017	3 183(160.82)	12 413(627.18)	4 708(237.88)	20 304(1 025.88)
2018	2 925(144.82)	19 903(985.40)	4 905(242.85)	27 733(1 373.07)
2019	2 716(131.48)	64 289(3 112.24)	4 949(239.58)	71 954(3 483.31)
2020	761(35.41)	19 018(884.92)	2 282(106.18)	22 061(1 026.51)
均值	2 495(122.04)	24 765(1 211.24)	4 189(204.89)	31 449(1 538.16)
$\chi _{趋势}^2 $值	82.71	991.75	18.34	582.42
P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注： ( )内数字为发病率/10^-5。

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表 2 北京市2016—2020年学生主要传染病报告发病率比较/10^-5

Table 2. Comparison of reported incidence rates of major infectious diseases among students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020/10^-5

年份	乙类				丙类				水痘
年份	猩红热	细菌性痢疾	肺结核	HIV/AIDS	其他感染性腹泻	流行性感冒	手足口病	流行性腮腺炎	水痘
2016	58.88	51.06	21.85	4.18	126.81	136.12	110.69	33.89	184.99
2017	85.79	47.34	14.80	5.15	132.08	347.77	113.23	33.50	220.45
2018	86.49	33.07	14.61	3.32	120.36	643.09	190.42	30.99	222.00
2019	72.57	34.23	13.07	4.11	132.11	2 816.02	131.43	30.01	221.43
2020	6.65	12.98	5.68	2.23	63.84	789.53	16.70	14.66	93.99
$\chi _{趋势}^2 $值	22.04	22.26	8.14	0.69	13.84	1 508.30	25.78	6.13	17.47
P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.41	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01

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表 3 北京市2016—2020年不同学段学生主要传染病报告发病率比较

Table 3. Comparison of reported incidence rates of major infectious diseases among students with different educational stagesn in Beijing from 2016 to 2020

学段	乙类				丙类				水痘
学段	猩红热	细菌性痢疾	肺结核	HIV/AIDS	其他感染性腹泻	流行性感冒	手足口病	流行性腮腺炎	水痘
小学	6 213(135.24)	1 041(22.66)	47(1.02)	1(0.02)	4 390(95.56)	71 195(1 549.69)	10 151(220.96)	2 447(53.26)	8 638(188.02)
初中	43(2.96)	457(31.46)	195(13.42)	3(0.21)	1 636(112.61)	11 793(811.72)	794(54.65)	203(13.97)	2 806(193.14)
高中	10(0.80)	860(68.82)	496(39.69)	52(4.16)	2 660(212.88)	8 303(664.48)	304(24.33)	110(8.80)	3 797(303.87)
大学	4(0.14)	1 259(43.02)	681(23.27)	330(11.28)	3 008(102.79)	6 454(220.54)	136(4.65)	145(4.95)	3 917(133.85)
χ²值	385.88	29.19	42.44	21.53	69.09	1 137.45	383.83	72.64	74.76
P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注： ( )内数字为发病率/10^-5。

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