儿童青少年身体活动观察工具的特征问题与启示

邱艳平; 王丽娟; 齐静; 陈欢; 郑南; 李晓庆

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025086

儿童青少年身体活动观察工具的特征问题与启示

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025086

邱艳平¹,
王丽娟^1, ,,
齐静²,
陈欢¹,
郑南¹,
李晓庆³

1.
上海体育大学体育教育学院，上海 200438
2.
浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院
3.
董李凤美康健学校

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金一般项目 22BTY048

上海体育大学博士研究生自主科研创新计划项目 YJSCX-2024-008

详细信息

作者简介:
邱艳平(1998-)，女，湖南长沙人，在读博士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年身体活动与健康促进

通讯作者:
王丽娟，E-mail: wlj711@aliyun.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G804.49
计量
- 文章访问数: 69
- HTML全文浏览量: 28
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-23
- 修回日期: 2025-01-31
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-25

Characteristics and implications of observation tools for physical activity among children and adolescents

1.
School of Physical Education, Shanghai Sports University, Shanghai (200438), China

摘要

摘要: 为分析身体活动观察工具的特征、问题与启示，为研究者快捷准确选择适宜的观察工具评估儿童青少年身体活动提供参考。在中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、ERIC、SPORTDiscus 8个中英文数据库进行儿童青少年身体活动观察工具文献检索，最终纳入8种儿童青少年身体活动观察工具。通过对工具总结与比较，发现工具的应用覆盖多个年龄段、观察指标涵盖多维且各有侧重、适用环境特定信息各异、记录方式趋向定量记录。但在实际应用中，仍暴露出亟待解决的问题：一是观察指标有待补充与完善；二是社区环境和学科课堂中的身体活动有待关注；三是活动强度有待科学评判；四是观察记录方法有待融合与创新；五是观察对象人数有待扩充与增加。未来研究可着手于研发针对中国儿童青少年特点的身体活动观察工具，同时借鉴国外观察工具，以全面评估儿童青少年身体活动。
- 运动活动 /
- 数据库, 文献型 /
- 量表 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: To analyzes the characteristics, problems and enlightenment of physical activity observation tools, so as to provide reference for researchers to quickly and accurately choose appropriate observation tools to evaluate children's and adolescents' physical activity. Literature search is conducted in eight databases of Chinese and English, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Ultimately, eight observation tools for assessing physical activity in children and adolescents are included. Through summarization and comparison, it is found that the applications of those tools cover multiple age groups, the observation indicators cover multiple dimensions for each with varying emphases, and the applicable contexts vary in their specific background information, and recording methods tend to be quantitative. However, several issues remain to be addressed in practical applications. First, the observation indicators need to be supplemented and improved; second, physical activity in community environments and academic classrooms requires further attention; third, physical activity intensity needs to be scientifically evaluated; fourth, observation and recording methods need to be integrated and innovated; fifth, the number of observation subjects needs to be expanded. Future research could focus on developing observation tools tailored to the characteristics of Chinese children and adolescents, while drawing on foreign observation tools to comprehensively assess physical activity among children and adolescents.
- Motor acvtivity /
- Databases, bibliographic /
- Scale /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 儿童青少年身体活动观察工具检索流程

Figure 1. Retrieval process of physical activity observation tools for children and adolescents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 儿童青少年身体活动观察工具的对比

Table 1. Comparison of physical activity observation tools for children and adolescents

观察工具名称	年份	国家	适用年龄/岁	适用环境	观察指标	观察目的	观察工具的应用
观察工具名称	年份	国家	适用年龄/岁	适用环境	观察指标	观察目的	国外研究	国内研究
BEACHES^[7]	1991	美国	4~8	课间、家中	活动强度	收集儿童在学校课间与在家中的身体活动	2项	0
SOFIT^[8]	1991	美国	7~18	体育课	活动强度	收集儿童在学校体育课堂中身体活动	32项	5项
SOPLAY^[9]	2000	美国	3~18	校内课外	活动强度、活动类型、活动环境	收集儿童在校内课外的身体活动	60项	2项
SOPARC^[10]	2006	美国	3~18	公园	活动强度、活动类型、活动环境、参与者信息	收集儿童在公园的身体活动	29项	7项
SOCARP^[11]	2010	英国	3~12	课间	活动强度、活动类型、活动组织规模、社交互动	收集儿童在学校课间的身体活动	11项	0
SOTG-PE^[12]	2012	英国	11~16	体育课	活动类型	收集儿童在体育课游戏教学中身体活动	1项	0
PARAGON^[13]	2015	美国	6~12	花园课程	活动强度	收集儿童在花园课程中身体活动	2项	0
SOSMART^[14]	2017	美国	6~12	体智融合课程	活动人数	收集儿童在体智融合课程中身体活动	4项	0
注：观察工具名称依次指儿童饮食行为和健康身体活动评估系统、体能教学时间观察系统、青少年课外体育锻炼观察系统、社区休闲娱乐活动观察系统、儿童课间活动行为观察系统、体育课游戏教学观察系统、花园课程的身体活动研究与评估工具、学习常规与转换中学生活动观察系统。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	MALINA R M, CUMMING S P, MANUEL J C. Physical activity and inactivity among children and adolescents: assessment, trends, and correlates[EB/OL]. (2016-12-24)[2024-10-26]. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-319-44103-0-5.
[2]	张宝根, 唐炎, 辛飞, 等. 国外体育教学中系统观察工具的运用与启示[J]. 体育学研究, 2021, 35(3): 50-57. ZHANG B G, TANG Y, XIN F, et al. Application and enlightenment of systematic observation tool in foreign physical education teaching[J]. J Sports Sci Res, 2021, 35(3): 50-57. (in Chinese)
[3]	周嘉琳, 罗冬梅. 直接观察法评估儿童身体活动的研究[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(3): 476-480. ZHOU J L, LUO D M. Research on the use of direct observation methods to assess children's physical activity[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(3): 476-480. (in Chinese)
[4]	MCKENZIE T L, HANS V D M. Top 10 research questions related to assessing physical activity and its contexts using systematic observation[J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2015, 86(1): 13-29.
[5]	戴剑松, 孙飙. 体力活动测量方法综述[J]. 体育科学, 2005, 25(9): 69-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-677X.2005.09.017 DAI J S, SUN B. Summary on measurement of physical activity[J]. China Sports Sci, 2005, 25(9): 69-75. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-677X.2005.09.017
[6]	《中国癌症杂志》编辑部. 系统评价和Meta分析的优先报告条目－PRISMA[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2023, 33(10): 919. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3639.2023.10.005
[7]	MCKENZIE T L, SALLIS J F, NADER P R, et al. BEACHES: an observational system for assessing children's eating and physical activity behaviors and associated events[J]. J Appl Behav Anal, 1991, 24(1): 141-151. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-141
[8]	MCKENZIE T L, SALLIS J F, NADER P R. SOFIT: system for observing fitness instruction time[J]. J Teach Phys Educ, 1991, 11(2): 195-205.
[9]	MCKENZIE T L, MARSHALL S J, SALLIS J F, et al. Leisure-time physical activity in school environments: an observational study using SOPLAY[J]. Prev Med, 2000, 30(1): 70-77.
[10]	MCKENZIE T L, COHEN D A, SEHGAL A, et al. System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC): reliability and feasibility measures[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2006, 3(S1): S208-S222. doi: 10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s208
[11]	RIDGERS N D, STRATTON G, MCKENZIE T L. Reliability and validity of the system for Observing Children's Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP)[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2010, 7(1): 17-25.
[12]	ROBERTS S, FAIRCLOUGH S. A five-stage process for the development and validation of a systematic observation instrument: the system for observing the teaching of games in physical education (SOTG-PE)[J]. Eur Phys Educ Rev, 2012, 18(1): 97-113.
[13]	MYERS B M, WELLS N M. Children's physical activity while gardening: development of a valid and reliable direct observation tool[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2015, 12(4): 522-528.
[14]	RUSS L B, WEBSTER C A, BEETS M W, et al. Development of the System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions (SOSMART)[J]. Health Educ Behav, 2017, 44(2): 304-315.
[15]	MCKENZIE T L, BAQUERO B, CRESPO N C, et al. Environmental correlates of physical activity in Mexican American children at home[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2008, 5(4): 579-591.
[16]	KWON S, WELCH S, MASON M. Physical education environment and student physical activity levels in low-income communities[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20: 1-9.
[17]	尹志华. 追求体育课堂教学评价的专业化: 美国SOFIT研讨会在华东师范大学顺利举行[J]. 中国学校体育, 2010(12): 2. YIN Z H. Advancing professionalized evaluation in physical education: SOFIT seminar held at East China Normal University[J]. Chin Sch Phys Educ, 2010(12): 2. (in Chinese)
[18]	SMITH C, HANNON J C, BRUSSEAU T A, et al. Physical activity behavior patterns during school leisure time in children[J]. Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci, 2016, 4(1): 17-25.
[19]	FLOYD M F, BOCARRO J N, SMITH W R, et al. Park-based physical activity among children and adolescents[J]. Am J Prev Med, 2011, 41(3): 258-265.
[20]	许婕, 赵均. SOPARC的译介及示例研究[J]. 福建体育科技, 2015, 34(3): 5. XU J, ZHAO J. Translation and introduction of SOPARC by walking through a practical example[J]. Fujian Sport Sci Technol, 2015, 34(3): 5. (in Chinese)
[21]	徐燕, 李爱菊, 郭帅新, 等. 居民户外休闲性身体活动和环境空间研究: 基于社区玩耍与游憩观察系统方法[J]. 武汉体育学院学报, 2018, 52(4): 32-37. XU Y, LI A J, GUO S X, et al. Residents' outdoor physical activity and environment in Wuhan City: a case study based on SOPARC[J]. J Wuhan Inst Phys Educ, 2018, 52(4): 32-37. (in Chinese)
[22]	ROBERTS S J, FAIRCLOUGH S J, RIDGERS N D, et al. An observational assessment of physical activity levels and social behaviour during elementary school recess[J]. Health Educ J, 2013, 72(3): 254-262.
[23]	彭楚云, 周禾程. 学童课间体育活动行为观察系统之电脑化与评析[J]. 台湾体育论坛, 2012(4): 29-37. PENG C Y, ZHOU H C. Computerization and evaluation of the school children's recess physical activity behavior observation system[J]. Taiwan Sports Forum, 2012(4): 29-37. (in Chinese)
[24]	ROBERTS S, FAIRCLOUGH S. Observational analysis of student activity modes, lesson contexts and teacher interactions during games classes in high school (11-16 years) physical education[J]. Eur Phys Educ Rev, 2011, 17(2): 255-268.
[25]	REES-PUNIA E, HOLLOWAY A, KNAUFT D, et al. Effects of school gardening lessons on elementary school children's physical activity and sedentary time[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2017, 14(12): 959-964.
[26]	STEWART G, WEBSTER C A, BRIAN A, et al. Systematically observed movement integration in a low socioeconomic school district: a cross-sectional, observational study[J]. Am J Health Promot, 2019, 33(5): 749-755.
[27]	SALLIS J F, OWEN N, FISHER E. Ecological models of health behavior[J]. Health Behav Theory Res Pract, 2015, 5: 43-64.
[28]	刘健敏, 李颜, 杨晓光. 应用K4b~2心肺功能测定仪对日常体力活动能量消耗的测定[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2010, 10(5): 1215-1218. LIU J M, LI Y, YANG X G. Measurement of the energy expenditures in daily physical activities with K4b-2[J]. Sci Technol Eng, 2010, 10(5): 1215-1218. (in Chinese)
[29]	刘志丹. 以SOFIT为基础的我国中小学体育课堂教学评价标准的研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2011. LIU Z D. Based on SOFIT researching the PE primary and middle class teaching evaluation standard[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2011. (in Chinese)