Effectiveness evaluation of smoking control intervention based on social network theory among vocational college students
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摘要:
目的 探讨在广州市某高等职业(高职)院校开展以社会网络理论为指导的控烟干预实践效果,为开展学校控烟干预提供参考。 方法 于2023年4—5月,采用方便抽样与整群随机抽样相结合的方法,抽取某高职院校4个校区781名学生,随机分成对照组(干预前422名,干预后399名)和干预组(干预前359名,干预后329名)。基于社会网络理论,通过加强学校现有控烟网络联系,建立新的控烟社会网络以及通过项目组成员加强新控烟社会网络的手段在干预组开展6个月控烟同伴教育; 对照组和干预组均接受学校大环境控烟干预。采用t检验和χ2检验比较干预前后组间差异。 结果 干预后,干预组烟草知识得分(8.9±4.8)高于对照组(7.6±5.0)和干预前(7.0±5.0)(t值分别为3.30,4.91,P值均 < 0.01)。干预后,干预组现在吸卷烟率(4.0%)低于干预前(8.1%)(χ2=5.10),同伴≥50%吸卷烟人数比例(11.2%)低于干预前(16.7%)(χ2=4.24)(P值均 < 0.05); 对照组干预前后差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为1.49,0.16,P值均>0.05)。干预后,干预组对在学校吸烟者持反感态度比例高于干预前(χ2=12.34,P < 0.05),其中“很反感,劝不要在自己身边吸烟”的比例由干预前的25.1%上升到干预后的35.9%; 遇到吸烟者保持一定距离的比例高于干预前(χ2=18.21,P < 0.05),其中“距离保持3 m外”的比例从干预前的30.4%上升到干预后的40.1%; 对照组干预前后差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为3.89,2.50,P值均>0.05)。 结论 基于社会网络理论在高职院校开展控烟干预,可提高学生的正确烟草知识和控烟态度及行为,降低吸烟率。 -
关键词:
- 烟草 /
- 健康知识,态度,实践 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract:Objective To explore the effectiveness of smoking control intervention guided by social network theory at a vocational college in Guangzhou City, so as to provide a reference for school smoking control intervention. Methods From April to May 2023, a combination of convenience sampling and cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 781 students from different majors in 4 campuses of a certain vocational college. They were randomly divided into a control group (422 students before intervention, 399 students after intervention) and an intervention group (359 students before intervention, 329 students after intervention). Based on social network theory, a 6-month tobacco control intervention was carried out in the intervention group by strengthening the existing tobacco control network connections in schools, establishing new control smoking social networks, and enhancing the role of the new control smoking social networks by members of the project team. Both the control group and intervention group received smoking control intervention in the school environment. The difference was compared by t test andχ2 test. Results After intervention, the knowledge score of the intervention group (8.9±4.8) was higher than that of the control group (7.6±5.0) and before intervention (7.0±5.0) (t=3.30, 4.91, P < 0.01). After intervention, the current smoking rate (4.0%) in the intervention group was lower than before intervention (8.1%, χ2=5.10), and the number of half or more smoking peers (11.2%) was lower than before intervention(16.7%) (χ2=4.24)(P < 0.05); and there was no statistically significant difference between the control group before and after intervention (χ2=1.49, 0.16, P>0.05). The proportion of holding a negative attitude to school smokers was higher than before intervention (χ2=12.34, P < 0.05), with the proportion of "strongly negative and suggest no smoke around oneself" increasing from 25.1% before intervention to 35.9% after intervention; and the proportion of student who kept a distance from smokers was higher than before intervention (χ2=18.21, P < 0.05), with the proportion of "maintaining a distance of 3 m" increasing from 30.4% before the intervention to 40.1% after the intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in the control group before and after intervention (χ2=3.89, 2.50, P>0.05). Conclusions The smoking control intervention at vocational colleges based on social network theory improve the correct tobacco knowledge, attitudes and practice of vocational college students, and reduce the smoking rates. -
Key words:
- Tobacco /
- Helath knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 基于社会网络理论的高职院校学生控烟干预具体措施
Table 1. Specific measures for smoking control intervention among vocational college students based on social network theory
干预策略 干预活动 具体措施 加强现有社会网络 学校创造控烟氛围 全校范围内,学校倡议学生签署不吸烟协议书,发布全体学生禁烟倡议书,建立禁烟奖惩机制的秋季学期学生控烟教育专项行动等。 发展新的控烟社会网络 招募控烟社会网络核心人物 班主任推荐并结合同学推荐确定35名同伴教育者,召开动员大会,介绍同伴教育者的特征、重要性、目的、任务、教育方式; 组建同伴教育者微信群。 建立控烟社会网络 每个同伴教育者与长期关系较近的8~10名同学组建控烟社会网络,建立相应微信群。 建立控烟社会网络互助 信息支持:在新建的社会网络中利用微信群和线下场所,由经过培训的中心人物利用专业报告、权威机构的科普文章和视频,以讲座、小组讨论、情景模拟、案例分析等方式进行科普渗透,成员积极参与并反馈。
情感和评价支持:以控烟为行为规范,网络中心人物维护推行这个行为规范,网络中成员受中心人物影响遵守网络行为规范,相互之间表现出反对吸烟行为,拒吸二手烟,共同维护无烟环境,态度一致,相互认可; 若网络中有吸烟成员,中心人物及成员之间对其进行友善劝导,成员之间也对吸烟者进行鼓励和情绪安抚,肯定、赞许取得进步的控烟成员,形成良好积极的情感反馈。
物质支持:对每名学生发放《吸烟的危害》和《帮你戒烟》2本小册子。通过项目组成员加强控烟社会网络 确定项目组负责人 项目组负责人长期负责戒烟门诊工作,具有一定的控烟经验,对有戒烟需求的学生可单独提供戒烟干预服务。 项目组成员提供控烟信息、技能培训等 对同伴教育者进行技能和信息培训,由同伴教育者辐射至所负责的控烟社会网络进行控烟干预。
技能培训:通过线下讲座介绍、小组讨论、情景模拟和案例分析等同伴教育分享活动的开展形式,场地、时间选择的合适性,线上分享电子版手册材料的技巧。阐述烟草危害、国内外烟草流行与肺癌发病率的关联、烟盒的国内外包装区别、烟草成瘾原理、戒烟的12个误区、戒烟方法等内容; 每周至少一次线上培训烟草相关知识。介绍如何及时对群成员提供控烟的情感、信息、评价支持,拒吸二手烟技能等。
控烟信息提供:及时转发权威机构的科普控烟文章、视频并进行重点内容解读。监督控烟社会网络 项目组成员加入到35个控烟社会网络微信群,实时监督网络中的同伴教育开展情况及其他学生反馈。对未及时开展小组活动的同伴教育者单独提醒,对开展方式欠合理的建议合适的方式。 表 2 两组研究对象干预前后对学校吸烟者的态度构成
Table 2. Comparison of attitudes towards school smokers between two groups of subjects before and after intervention
组别 干预前 干预后 人数 无所谓 不喜欢,但能接受 很反感,但只能忍受 很反感,劝不要在自己身边吸烟 人数 无所谓 不喜欢,但能接受 很反感,但只能忍受 很反感,劝不要在自己身边吸烟 对照组 422 63(14.9) 88(20.9) 133(31.5) 138(32.7) 399 45(11.3) 80(20.1) 122(30.6) 152(38.1) 干预组 359 79(22.0) 84(23.4) 106(29.5) 90(25.1) 329 49(14.9) 65(19.8) 97(29.5) 118(35.9) 注:()内数字为构成比/%。 表 3 两组研究对象干预前后对在学校遇到吸烟者保持距离构成
Table 3. Comparison of distance between two groups of subjects before and after intervention when encountering smokers in school
组别 干预前 干预后 人数 不会,很随意 1 m外 2 m外 3 m外 没遇到过 人数 不会,很随意 1 m外 2 m外 3 m外 没遇到过 对照组 422 50(11.8) 84(19.9) 98(23.2) 158(37.4) 32(7.6) 399 44(11.0) 70(17.5) 85(21.3) 162(40.6) 38(9.5) 干预组 359 70(19.5) 88(24.5) 72(20.1) 109(30.4) 20(5.6) 329 39(11.9) 56(17.0) 74(22.5) 132(40.1) 28(8.5) 注:()内数字为构成比/%。 -
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