江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况

张晓琳; 杜国平; 陈笑艳; 李小杉; 卫艺璇; 李妍慧; 谈冰心; 叶雨秀

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057

江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057

1.
南通大学公共卫生学院，江苏 226019
2.
东南大学医院全科医学科
3.
南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院肺移植中心

基金项目:

江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重点课题 T-a/2021/01

江苏省高等教育学会“十四五”高等教育科学研究规划一般课题 YB041

详细信息

作者简介:
张晓琳(2003-)，女，山东枣庄人，在读本科，主要研究方向为大学生健康教育与健康促进

通讯作者:
叶雨秀，E-mail：m15658453017@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R183 G479
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-14
- 修回日期: 2025-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022

1.
School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong (226019), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年艾滋病、结核、乙肝三大传染病知识、态度和行为(KAP)变化趋势及相关因素，为开展学校传染病健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法 2019—2022年连续4年采用分层随机抽样方法抽取江苏省20所高校的33 944名江苏籍大一新生，通过三大传染病自编问卷在线调查KAP状况。采用多重线性回归模型分析学生三大传染病KAP水平的变化趋势及其影响因素。结果 2019—2022年，江苏籍大一新生三大传染病(艾滋病、结核、乙肝)知识得分(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2)呈上升趋势(F=436.50，P<0.01)，正向态度报告率分别为81.77%，81.46%，82.68%，81.74%；正向行为报告率分别为80.11%，79.25%，79.08%，79.04%。多重线性回归分析显示，学校类型、父母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭人均月收入和高中居住方式对三大传染病的知识(β=-1.510~0.559)、态度(β=-0.043~0.065)、行为(β=-0.028~0.027)均有影响，家庭居住地仅影响正向态度报告率(β=0.002~0.065)，是否为独生子女仅影响正向行为报告率(β=0.009)(P值均<0.05)；知识得分随年份增加呈上升趋势(β=0.297，P<0.01)，正向态度报告率变化无统计学意义(β=0.001，P=0.22)，正向行为报告率呈下降趋势(β=-0.005，P<0.01)。结论江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病KAP得分变化出现分离情况。应采取针对性措施，以提高大学生健康行为水平。
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 /
- 结核 /
- 肝炎, 乙型 /
- 健康知识，态度，实践 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the changing trends and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the three major infectious diseases (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B) among freshmen in Jiangsu from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a reference basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools. Methods From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for four consecutive years to investigate their KAP levels online through self-designed questionnaires on three major infectious diseases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of students' KAP levels of the three major infectious diseases, and to explore the influencing factors of KAP. Results From 2019 to 2022, the knowledge scores(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2), related to the three major infectious diseases showed an upward trend (F=436.50, P<0.01), and the positive attitude reporting rates were 81.77%, 81.46%, 82.68% and 81.74%, respectively. The reporting rates of positive practice were 80.11%, 79.25%, 79.08% and 79.04%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that school type, parental education level, mother's occupation, average income per person in family and living arrangements during high school all had an impact on the knowledge (β=-1.510-0.559), attitudes (β=-0.043-0.065) and practice (β=-0.028-0.027) of the three major infectious diseases (P<0.05). The family residence areas only affected the reporting rate of positive attitude scores (β=0.002-0.065), and whether only-children or not affected the reporting rate of positive practice scores (β=0.009)(P<0.05). The knowledge score showed an upward trend (β=0.297, P<0.01), the positive attitude reporting rate showed no statistically significant change (β=0.001, P=0.22), and the positive practice reporting rate showed a downward trend (β=-0.005, P<0.01). Conclusions Freshman in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 have shown a separation in KAP scores regarding the three major infectious diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to improve their health practice level.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Tuberculosis /
- Hepatitis B /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 江苏籍大一新生三大传染病KAP相关因素多重线性回归分析(n=33 944)

Table 1. Multiple linear regression analysis of related factors of KAP regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen from Jiangsu Province(n=33 944)

自变量	选项	知识得分		正向态度报告率		正向行为报告率
自变量	选项	β值(95%CI)	P值	β值(95%CI)	P值	β值(95%CI)	P值
学校类型	公办本科	1.000		1.000		1.000
	专科	-1.510(-1.594~-1.425)	<0.01	-0.028(-0.031~-0.024)	<0.01	-0.028(-0.032~-0.024)	<0.01
	民办本科	-0.556(-0.643~-0.467)	<0.01	-0.003(-0.007~0.001)	0.18	-0.013(-0.016~-0.009)	<0.01
家庭居住地	城区	—	—	1.000		—	—
	镇区	—	—	0.002(-0.001~0.006)	0.23	—	—
	乡村	—	—	0.065(0.014~0.115)	0.01	—	—
父亲文化程度	小学及以下	1.000		1.000		1.000
	初中	0.074(-0.072~0.220)	0.32	0.007(0.000~0.014)	0.04	0.006(-0.000~0.013)	0.07
	高中	0.179(0.023~0.336)	0.03	0.066(-0.001~0.014)	0.07	0.014(0.007~0.022)	<0.01
	大专/本科	0.324(0.153~0.495)	<0.01	0.004(-0.004~0.012)	0.28	0.019(0.012~0.027)	<0.01
	硕士及以上	0.235(-0.062~0.531)	0.12	-0.011(-0.024~0.003)	0.13	0.017(0.004~0.031)	0.01
母亲文化程度	小学及以下	1.000		1.000		1.000
	初中	0.157(0.047~0.268)	0.01	0.007(0.001~0.012)	0.01	0.007(0.002~0.012)	<0.01
	高中	0.278(0.151~0.404)	<0.01	0.006(-0.000~0.012)	0.06	0.012(0.006~0.018)	<0.01
	大专/本科	0.476(0.325~0.626)	<0.01	0.013(0.006~0.020)	<0.01	0.020(0.013~0.027)	<0.01
	硕士及以上	0.559(0.209~0.910)	<0.01	0.015(-0.001~0.031)	0.07	0.027(0.011~0.043)	<0.01
母亲职业	工人	1.000		1.000		1.000
	农民	-0.057(-0.218~0.105)	0.49	-0.000(-0.008~0.008)	0.99	0.008(0.000~0.015)	0.04
	医务工作者	-0.118(-0.322~0.087)	0.26	-0.006(-0.015~0.004)	0.25	0.023(0.014~0.033)	<0.01
	教育工作者	-0.233(-0.395~-0.072)	0.01	-0.006(-0.014~0.001)	0.09	0.013(0.006~0.020)	<0.01
	科研人员	-0.671(-1.113~-0.228)	<0.01	-0.024(-0.044~-0.003)	0.02	0.023(0.003~0.043)	0.03
	商业、服务行业	-0.022(-0.123~0.079)	0.67	0.004(-0.001~0.008)	0.14	0.005(0.000~0.009)	0.05
	无业	-0.047(-0.176~0.082)	0.48	0.005(-0.000~0.011)	0.08	0.009(0.003~0.015)	<0.01
	其他	-0.311(-0.412~-0.211)	<0.01	-0.005(-0.010~-0.001)	0.02	0.002(-0.003~0.007)	0.40
家庭人均月收入/元	<1 000	1.000		1.000		1.000
	1 000~<3 000	0.141(-0.085~0.367)	0.22	0.019(0.008~0.029)	<0.01	0.011(0.001~0.021)	0.03
	3 000~<5 000	0.309(0.094~0.524)	0.01	0.023(0.013~0.033)	<0.01	0.013(0.003~0.022)	0.01
	5 000~<7 000	0.351(0.135~0.568)	<0.01	0.026(0.016~0.036)	<0.01	0.015(0.005~0.025)	<0.01
	7 000~<9 000	0.373(0.150~0.597)	<0.01	0.024(0.013~0.034)	<0.01	0.017(0.007~0.027)	<0.01
	≥9 000	0.343(0.121~0.565)	<0.01	0.018(0.008~0.028)	<0.01	0.018(0.008~0.028)	<0.01
独生子女	是	—	—	—	—	1.000
	否	—	—	—	—	0.009(0.006~0.013)	<0.01
高中居住方式	与父母同住	1.000		1.000		1.000
	与父亲同住	-0.129(-0.331~0.073)	0.21	-0.003(-0.013~0.007)	0.60	0.009(-0.001~0.019)	0.07
	与母亲同住	-0.038(-0.145~0.069)	0.49	0.004(-0.005~0.014)	0.37	0.015(0.006~0.024)	<0.01
	与祖/外祖父母同住	-0.175(-0.344~-0.006)	0.04	-0.004(-0.016~0.008)	0.49	-0.001(-0.012~0.011)	0.93
	学校集体宿舍	-0.078(-0.162~0.006)	0.07	-0.001(-0.011~0.009)	0.82	-0.004(-0.005~0.014)	0.37
	其他	-1.008(-1.230~-0.785)	<0.01	-0.043(-0.057~-0.030)	<0.01	-0.016(-0.029~-0.003)	0.02

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表 2 江苏籍大一新生三大传染病KAP水平变化趋势的多重线性回归分析(n=33 944)

Table 2. Multiple linear regression analysis of the trends of KAP levels regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu(n=33 944)

模型	自变量	知识得分					正向态度报告率					正向行为报告率
模型	自变量	β值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	P值		β值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	P值		β值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	P值
模型1	入学年份	0.297(0.267~0.327)	0.015	19.57	<0.01			0.001(-0.001~0.002)	0.007	1.22		0.22		-0.005(-0.006~-0.004)	0.001	-7.23	<0.01
模型2	2019年	1.000						1.000						1.000
	2020年	0.127(0.033~0.220)	0.001	1.22	<0.01	-0.003(-0.008~0.001)		0.002	-1.46	0.15	-0.010(-0.014~-0.005)	0.002		-4.48	<0.01
	2021年	0.666(0.574~0.759)	0.047	14.09	<0.01	0.008(0.004~0.013)		0.002	3.83	<0.01	-0.014(-0.018~-0.010)	0.002		-6.45	<0.01
	2022年	0.810(0.715~0.903)	0.048	16.88	<0.01	-0.001(-0.005~0.003)		0.002	-0.50	0.62	-0.015(-0.019~-0.011)	0.002		-6.94	<0.01
注：模型1中入学年份为连续变量；模型2中入学年份为分类变量。

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