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上海市中学生减重行为及相关因素分析

陈玮丽 张喆 翟娅妮 严琼 祁月 罗春燕

陈玮丽, 张喆, 翟娅妮, 严琼, 祁月, 罗春燕. 上海市中学生减重行为及相关因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2025, 46(2): 223-228. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025048
引用本文: 陈玮丽, 张喆, 翟娅妮, 严琼, 祁月, 罗春燕. 上海市中学生减重行为及相关因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2025, 46(2): 223-228. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025048
CHEN Weili, ZHANG Zhe, ZHAI Yani, YAN Qiong, QI Yue, LUO Chunyan. Analysis of weight loss behavior and related factors of middle school students in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(2): 223-228. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025048
Citation: CHEN Weili, ZHANG Zhe, ZHAI Yani, YAN Qiong, QI Yue, LUO Chunyan. Analysis of weight loss behavior and related factors of middle school students in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(2): 223-228. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025048

上海市中学生减重行为及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025048
基金项目: 

国家社会科学基金项目 22BTY105

上海市第六轮公共卫生三年行动计划重点学科项目(2023—2025年) GWVI-11.1-3

详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈玮丽(1999-),女,浙江丽水人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

    张喆(1989-),女,山东东营人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康和学校卫生

    通讯作者:

    罗春燕,E-mail: luochunyan@scdc.sh.cn

  • 利益冲突声明   所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 陈玮丽与张喆为共同第一作者。
  • 中图分类号: R179 Q983+.23 C913.5

Analysis of weight loss behavior and related factors of middle school students in Shanghai

  • 摘要:   目的  了解上海市中学生减重行为特征及其相关因素,为指导中学生科学减重提供参考依据。  方法  于2021年5—6月采用分层整群随机抽样法,选取上海市16个区16 758名初、高中学生为研究对象,采用青少年健康危险行为问卷调查中学生的基本情况和减重行为,运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析减重行为的相关因素。  结果  5 881名(35.09%)中学生报告有锻炼减重行为,6 344名(37.86%)中学生有节食减重行为,461名(2.75%)中学生有不健康减重行为。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,以无减重行为组为参照类别,中心城区(OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.10~1.66)、网络成瘾(OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.23~2.38)、受欺凌(OR=2.09, 95%CI=1.68~2.61)、失眠(OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.74~3.11)、伤心绝望(OR=3.10, 95%CI=2.42~3.97)、自觉体重有点重(OR=2.77, 95%CI=2.17~3.55)和很重(OR=3.41, 95%CI=2.44~4.75)的中学生更容易发生不健康减重行为(P值均<0.05)。  结论  上海市不同特征中学生减重行为存在一定差异,失眠和伤心绝望等不良情绪、网络成瘾、体重认知偏差以及受欺凌等是不健康减重行为的相关因素。应有针对性地采取干预措施,指导学生科学减重。
    1)  利益冲突声明   所有作者声明无利益冲突。
    2)  陈玮丽与张喆为共同第一作者。
  • 表  1  不同性别中学生各类减重行为报告率比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of reported rates of various weight loss behaviors among middle school students of different genders

    性别 人数 锻炼 不吃主食 减少食物量和能量摄取或吃低脂食物 ≥24 h不吃东西 催吐或腹泻减重 无医嘱擅自吃减肥药 美容院瘦身
    8 373 5 992(71.56) 606(7.24) 2 566(30.65) 153(1.83) 59(0.70) 66(0.79) 55(0.66)
    8 385 5 409(64.51) 1 414(16.86) 3 803(45.35) 190(2.27) 55(0.66) 61(0.73) 27(0.32)
    合计 16 758 11 401(68.03) 2 020(12.05) 6 369(38.01) 343(2.05) 114(0.68) 127(0.76) 82(0.49)
    χ2 95.89 366.18 384.69 4.02 0.15 0.21 9.65
    P <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.70 0.65 0.01
    注: ()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同组别中学生减重行为类别分布比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of weight loss behavior categories distribution among middle school students with different groups

    组别 选项 人数 锻炼减重行为 节食减重行为 不健康减重行为 无减重行为 χ2 P
    学段 初中 10 088 4 063(40.28) 3 643(36.11) 221(2.19) 2 161(21.42) 341.63 <0.01
    普高 4 979 1 339(26.89) 2 033(40.83) 161(3.23) 1 446(29.04)
    中职 1 691 479(28.33) 668(39.50) 79(4.67) 465(27.50)
    性别 8 373 3 614(43.16) 2 543(30.37) 191(2.28) 2 025(24.18) 571.63 <0.01
    8 385 2 267(27.04) 3 801(45.33) 270(3.22) 2 047(24.41)
    年龄/岁 10~12 3 067 1 352(44.08) 1 118(36.45) 53(1.73) 544(17.74)
    13~15 7 524 2 862(38.04) 2 719(36.14) 189(2.51) 1 754(23.31) 359.22 <0.01
    16~18 6 167 1 667(27.03) 2 507(40.65) 219(3.55) 1 774(28.77)
    户籍 本市 13 987 4 873(34.84) 5 299(37.89) 363(2.60) 3 452(24.68) 14.35 0.03
    外省市 2 569 937(36.47) 968(37.68) 90(3.50) 574(22.34)
    外籍 202 71(35.15) 77(38.12) 8(3.96) 46(22.77)
    住宿 1 522 419(27.53) 622(40.87) 64(4.20) 417(27.40) 50.79 <0.01
    15 236 5 462(35.85) 5 722(37.56) 397(2.61) 3 655(23.99)
    城区 中心 6 138 2 252(36.69) 2 443(39.80) 176(2.87) 1 267(20.64) 70.49 <0.01
    非中心 10 620 3 629(34.17) 3 901(36.73) 285(2.68) 2 805(26.41)
    家庭结构 双亲家庭 14 224 5 080(35.71) 5 399(37.96) 346(2.43) 3 399(23.90) 54.65 <0.01
    父母一方缺失 1 853 588(31.73) 704(37.99) 85(4.59) 476(25.69)
    父母双方缺失 681 213(31.28) 241(35.39) 30(4.41) 197(28.93)
    独生子女 4 568 1 620(35.46) 1 755(38.42) 144(3.15) 1 049(22.96) 9.05 0.03
    12 190 4 261(34.95) 4 589(37.65) 317(2.60) 3 023(24.80)
    父亲文化 初中及以下 2 716 869(32.00) 1 057(38.92) 104(3.83) 686(25.26) 55.51 <0.01
        水平 高中 3 791 1 255(33.10) 1 463(38.59) 113(2.98) 960(25.32)
    大专 3 573 1 228(34.37) 1 381(38.65) 84(2.35) 880(24.63)
    本科及以上 6 678 2 529(37.87) 2 443(36.58) 160(2.40) 1 546(23.15)
    母亲文化 初中及以下 3 112 997(32.04) 1 221(39.24) 106(3.41) 788(25.32) 43.23 <0.01
        水平 高中 3 573 1 222(34.20) 1 343(37.59) 117(3.27) 891(24.94)
    大专 3 738 1 299(34.75) 1 411(37.75) 83(2.22) 945(25.28)
    本科及以上 6 335 2 363(37.30) 2 369(37.40) 155(2.45) 1 448(22.86)
    网络成瘾 604 140(23.18) 215(35.60) 63(10.43) 186(30.79) 171.40 <0.01
    16 154 5 741(35.54) 6 129(37.94) 398(2.46) 3 886(24.06)
    受欺凌 5 425 1 902(35.06) 2 236(41.22) 236(4.35) 1 051(19.37) 178.61 <0.01
    11 333 3 979(35.11) 4 108(36.25) 225(1.99) 3 021(26.66)
    孤独感 1 977 513(25.95) 880(44.51) 126(6.37) 458(23.17) 187.74 <0.01
    14 781 5 368(36.32) 5 464(36.97) 335(2.27) 3 614(24.45)
    心情郁闷 3 547 985(27.77) 1 595(44.97) 179(5.05) 788(22.22) 223.09 <0.01
    13 211 4 896(37.06) 4 749(35.95) 282(2.13) 3 284(24.86)
    失眠 1 610 405(25.16) 758(47.08) 136(8.45) 311(19.32) 318.44 <0.01
    15 148 5 476(36.15) 5 586(36.88) 325(2.15) 3 761(24.83)
    伤心绝望 1 789 456(25.49) 739(41.31) 174(9.73) 420(23.48) 413.73 <0.01
    14 969 5 425(36.24) 5 605(37.44) 287(1.92) 3 652(24.40)
    自觉体重 很轻 583 221(37.91) 67(11.49) 30(5.15) 265(45.45) 1 949.73 <0.01
    有点轻 1 995 908(45.51) 251(12.58) 21(1.05) 815(40.85)
    有点重 6 362 1 705(26.80) 3 368(52.94) 221(3.47) 1 068(16.79)
    很重 1 273 286(22.47) 663(52.08) 78(6.13) 246(19.32)
    正合适 6 545 2 761(42.18) 1 995(30.48) 111(1.70) 1 678(25.64)
    注: ()内数字为构成比/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  中学生减重行为相关因素的无序多分类Logistic回归分析(n=16 758)

    Table  3.   Unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis of related factors of the weight loss behavior among middle school students(n=16 758)

    自变量 选项 锻炼减重行为 节食减重行为 不健康减重行为
    OR值(95%CI) P OR值(95%CI) P OR值(95%CI) P
    学段 初中 1.37(1.07~1.76) 0.01 0.93(0.73~1.19) 0.56 0.48(0.29~0.81) 0.01
    普高 0.90(0.77~1.05) 0.18 0.83(0.71~0.96) 0.01 0.60(0.44~0.81) <0.01
    中职 1.00 1.00 1.00
    性别 1.71(1.57~1.86) <0.01 0.77(0.71~0.84) <0.01 0.74(0.60~0.92) 0.01
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    年龄/岁 10~12 1.80(1.40~2.31) <0.01 1.44(1.12~1.85) 0.01 1.13(0.64~1.98) 0.68
    13~15 1.21(0.97~1.51) 0.09 1.04(0.83~1.29) 0.75 1.18(0.74~1.87) 0.49
    16~18 1.00 1.00 1.00
    城区 中心 1.45(1.33~1.59) <0.01 1.43(1.31~1.57) <0.01 1.35(1.10~1.66) <0.01
    非中心 1.00 1.00 1.00
    家庭结构 双亲家庭 1.33(1.08~1.63) 0.01 1.36(1.11~1.67) <0.01 0.84(0.56~1.28) 0.43
    父母一方缺失 1.17(0.93~1.48) 0.19 1.21(0.95~1.52) 0.12 1.22(0.76~1.94) 0.42
    父母双方缺失 1.00 1.00 1.00
    网络成瘾 0.60(0.48~0.75) <0.01 0.61(0.50~0.76) <0.01 1.71(1.23~2.38) <0.01
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    受欺凌 1.34(1.22~1.48) <0.01 1.58(1.44~1.75) <0.01 2.09(1.68~2.61) <0.01
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    孤独感 0.80(0.68~0.93) <0.01 0.87(0.75~1.01) 0.07 0.80(0.60~1.08) 0.14
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    心情郁闷 0.91(0.80~1.02) 0.11 1.06(0.94~1.19) 0.37 1.10(0.86~1.43) 0.45
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    失眠 1.07(0.90~1.27) 0.47 1.47(1.25~1.74) <0.01 2.33(1.74~3.11) <0.01
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    伤心绝望 0.78(0.67~0.90) <0.01 0.95(0.82~1.10) 0.48 3.10(2.42~3.97) <0.01
    1.00 1.00 1.00
    自觉体重 很轻 0.42(0.35~0.51) <0.01 0.20(0.15~0.26) <0.01 1.34(0.86~2.08) 0.20
    有点轻 0.60(0.54~0.68) <0.01 0.26(0.22~0.30) <0.01 0.36(0.23~0.59) <0.01
    有点重 1.03(0.93~1.14) 0.55 2.63(2.39~2.89) <0.01 2.77(2.17~3.55) <0.01
    很重 0.75(0.62~0.90) <0.01 2.21(1.88~2.61) <0.01 3.41(2.44~4.75) <0.01
    正合适 1.00 1.00 1.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-10-16
  • 修回日期:  2024-12-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2025-03-05
  • 刊出日期:  2025-02-25

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