天津市西青区2023—2024年度流感季儿童流感疫苗接种状况

郭立春; 陈少伟; 冯海涛

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025047

天津市西青区2023—2024年度流感季儿童流感疫苗接种状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025047

1.
天津市西青区疾病预防控制中心卫生应急管理办公室，天津 300380
2.
天津市西青区疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科
3.
天津市西青区疾病预防控制中心主任室

基金项目:

中美疾控中心合作项目 5U01IP001106-04-00

详细信息

作者简介:
郭立春(1979-)，女，辽宁康平人，副主任医师，硕士，主要研究方向为传染病预防与控制

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R373.1⁺³ R186
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-24
- 修回日期: 2024-11-26
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Influenza vaccination among children during the flu season of 2023-2024 in Xiqing District of Tianjin

1.
Health Emergency Management Office, Xiqing District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin (300380), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解天津市西青区儿童流感疫苗接种情况和相关因素，为提高儿童流感疫苗覆盖率提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取天津市西青区东、西、南、北、中5个方位15所学校的13 075名初中及以下学生，对学生家长进行问卷调查，分析2023—2024年度(10月至次年3月)儿童流感疫苗接种现状，并采用二分类Logistic回归模型对流感疫苗接种的影响因素进行分析。结果天津市西青区2023—2024年度儿童流感疫苗接种率为16.66%，其中幼儿园接种率最高(28.86%)，其次为小学(18.87%)和初中(12.61%)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示，2020—2022年度接种过流感疫苗(OR=10.55，95%CI=9.48~11.73)、家长知晓流感相关知识(OR=1.38，95%CI=1.24~1.54)、幼儿园儿童(OR=2.33，95%CI=1.91~2.83)、小学生(OR=1.26，95%CI=1.12~1.42)、家长学历研究生及以上(OR=1.62，95%CI=1.13~2.31)、家庭月均收入10 000~ < 20 000元(OR=1.67，95%CI=1.41~1.99)是儿童流感疫苗接种的正性相关因素(P值均 < 0.05)。未接种流感疫苗的儿童家长中，完全接受流感疫苗接种和接受但仍在考虑的占61.61%；最受家长欢迎的获取流感知识的途径是学校在流感季节及时推送专业机构的流感防控知识(77.38%)。结论天津市西青区初中及以下儿童流感疫苗接种率低；建议加强儿童流感疫苗接种宣传，提高儿童流感疫苗接种率，降低校园流感暴发的风险。
- 流感，人 /
- 疫苗 /
- 接种 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand the influenza vaccination rate and related factors of children in Xiqing District of Tianjin, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the influenza vaccination coverage rate among children. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to select junior high school students and below students from 15 schools in five directions(east, west, south, north, midland) in Xiqing District, Tianjin, involving 13 075 students. A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of students to analyze the influenza vaccination rate of children in 2023-2024 flu season (October to March of the following year). A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting influenza vaccination. Results The influenza vaccination rate was 16.66% for children in Xiqing District of Tianjin, in 2023-2024 flu season, among them, the vaccination rate in kindergartens was the highest (28.86%), followed by primary schools (18.87%) and junior high schools (12.61%). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that having received the influenza vaccine during the 2020-2022 (OR=10.55, 95%CI=9.48-11.73), parents' awareness of influenza-related knowledge (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.24-1.54), kindergarten children (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.91-2.83), primary school students (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.12-1.42), parents with a postgraduate degree or above (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.13-2.31), and a monthly average family income of 10 000- < 20 000 yuan (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.41-1.99) were positive correlation factors with influenza vaccination of children (P < 0.05). Among parents of children who have not received the flu vaccine, 61.61% fully accepted flu vaccination or accepted but still considered. The most popular way for parents to obtain flu knowledge was flu prevention and control information from professional institutions during the flu season (77.38%). Conclusions The influenza vaccination rate among kindergarten, as well as primary and junior high school students in Xiqing District of Tianjin is low. Promotion of influenza vaccination among children and increase the vaccination rate of influenza among children might help reduce the risk of campus flu outbreak.
- Influenza, Human /
- Vaccines /
- Vaccination /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
注释:

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表 1 不同流感相关知识了解情况的家长其子女流感疫苗接种率比较

Table 1. Comparison of influenza vaccination rates among children of parents with different knowledge about influenza

知识	选项	家长人数	接种流感疫苗学生数	χ²值	P值
流感是普通感冒吗	是	3 693	599(16.22)	0.40	0.40
	否	9 382	1 579(16.83)
流感是传染病吗	是	11 251	878(16.69)	0.07	0.80
	否	1 824	300(16.45)
知道流感疫苗的最佳接种时间	是	7 050	1 176(16.68)	0.01	0.94
	否	6 025	1 002(16.63)
流感的传播途径	消化道传播	139	44(31.65)	27.97	< 0.01
	呼吸道传播	11 330	1 898(16.75)
	接触传播	1 594	233(14.62)
	血液传播	12	3(25.00)
接种流感疫苗是最有效的防护措施	是	2 689	720(26.78)	249.63	< 0.01
	否	10 386	1 458(14.04)
流感疫苗需要每年接种	是	8 307	1 762(21.21)	340.19	< 0.01
	否	4 768	416(8.72)
流感疫苗能降低感染风险	是	10 893	2 022(18.56)	170.56	< 0.01
	否	2 182	156(7.15)
总计		13 075	2 178(16.66)
注： ()内数字为接种率/%。

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表 2 2023—2024年度流感季儿童流感疫苗接种的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of influenza vaccination for children during the 2023-2024 influenza season

组别	选项	人数	接种人数	χ²值	P值
学校类别	幼儿园	998	288(28.86)	200.98	< 0.01
	小学	5 867	1 107(18.87)
	初中	6 210	783(12.61)
性别	男	6 866	1 129(16.44)	0.48	0.49
	女	6 209	1 049(16.89)
家庭儿童数量	1	5 334	905(16.97)	2.15	0.34
	2	5 965	998(16.73)
	≥3	1 776	275(15.48)
家长年龄/岁	≤30	915	173(18.91)	34.50	< 0.01
	31~40	7 497	1 347(17.97)
	41~50	3 910	555(14.19)
	≥51	753	103(13.68)
家长学历	中专/高中	3 919	565(14.42)	103.90	< 0.01
	大专	2 632	461(17.52)
	大学	2 553	533(20.88)
	研究生及以上	262	83(31.68)
	初中及以下	3 709	536(14.45)
家长职业	机关企事业单位	1 298	269(20.72)	57.11	< 0.01
	医务人员	250	59(23.60)
	工人	2 798	415(14.83)
	商业服务人员	820	135(16.46)
	个体	2 687	507(18.87)
	其他	3 833	617(16.10)
	无业	1 389	176(12.67)
家庭月均收入	5 000~ < 10 000	6 620	1 124(16.98)	133.33	< 0.01
	10 000~ < 20 000	1 972	480(24.34)
	≥20 000	463	67(14.47)
	＜5 000	4 020	507(12.61)
2020—2022年流感疫苗接种	是	3 469	1 536(44.28)	2 594.62	< 0.01
	否	9 606	642(6.68)
家长知晓流感相关知识	是	7 423	1 440(19.40)	92.96	< 0.01
	否	5 652	738(13.06)
注： ()内数字为接种率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

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