农村营养改善计划深入监测县中小学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析

王晓宁; 曹薇; 王宏亮; 陈慕磊; 甘倩; 徐培培; 罗瑞鹤; 杨媞媞; 刘瑶; 潘慧; 张建芬; 由文烁; 张倩; 许娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

文章导航 > 中国学校卫生 > 2025 > 46(2): 219-222

王晓宁, 曹薇, 王宏亮, 陈慕磊, 甘倩, 徐培培, 罗瑞鹤, 杨媞媞, 刘瑶, 潘慧, 张建芬, 由文烁, 张倩, 许娟. 农村营养改善计划深入监测县中小学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2025, 46(2): 219-222. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

引用本文:

WANG Xiaoning, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, YOU Wenshuo, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitoring counties Rural Nutrition Improvement Program[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(2): 219-222. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

Citation:

WANG Xiaoning, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, YOU Wenshuo, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitoring counties Rural Nutrition Improvement Program[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(2): 219-222. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

引用本文:

Citation:

WANG Xiaoning, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, YOU Wenshuo, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitoring counties Rural Nutrition Improvement Program[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(2): 219-222. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

农村营养改善计划深入监测县中小学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025039

王晓宁¹,
曹薇^{1, 2},
王宏亮¹,
陈慕磊³,
甘倩¹,
徐培培¹,
罗瑞鹤¹,
杨媞媞¹,
刘瑶⁴,
潘慧¹,
张建芬¹,
由文烁¹,
张倩^{1, 2},
许娟^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所，北京 100050
2.
国家卫生健康委员会营养与健康重点实验室
3.
中国疾病预防控制中心教育培训处
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生管理处

基金项目:

2021年中国疾病预防控制中心营养所学生营养改善计划营养健康评估和膳食指导项目 131031107000180004

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓宁(1999-)，女，河北省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学生营养与健康

通讯作者:
许娟，E-mail：xujuan@ninh.chinacdc.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 G444 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-14
- 修回日期: 2024-11-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitoring counties Rural Nutrition Improvement Program

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国农村义务教育营养改善计划深入监测县中小学生抑郁症状的流行现状及相关因素，为农村地区儿童青少年抑郁症状预防及心理干预提供依据。方法 2022年11月，采取分层随机抽样方法，在7个深入监测县(内蒙古扎赉特旗、安徽金寨县、四川茂县、广西天等县、陕西勉县、黑龙江肇州县和福建尤溪县)实施学生营养改善计划重点监测的56所学校中，通过体格测量和问卷调查，共收集7 949名三至九年级中小学生的身高、体重数据和个人及家庭基本情况，并通过抑郁自评问卷获得其抑郁症状相关信息。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生抑郁症状流行现状及其相关因素。结果深入监测县中小学生抑郁症状检出率为23.5%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、中学生、每天视屏时长>2 h以及父母婚姻状况为离异或丧偶的学生抑郁症状检出可能性较高(OR值分别为1.40，1.64，1.60，1.24)，睡眠时长达到推荐标准、父母通常每天陪伴时间60~<120和≥120 min、母亲文化水平为初中的学生抑郁症状检出可能性较低(OR值分别为0.85，0.84，0.71，0.76)(P值均<0.05)。结论营养改善计划深入监测县学生抑郁症状检出率较高，需多方支持降低其心理健康问题发生风险。
- 营养政策 /
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitoring counties of China's Rural Compulsory Education Nutrition Improvement Program, so as to provide a basis for prevention and psychological intervention of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in rural areas. Methods In November 2022, a stratified random sampling method was adopted to collect height and weight data, basic personal and family information of 7 949 primary and secondary school students from grade three to grade nine through physical measurements and questionnaires in 56 key monitoring schools implementing the Student Nutrition Improvement Program in 7 in-depth monitoring counties (Jalaid Banner in Inner Mongolia, Jinzhai County in Anhui, Mao Xian in Sichuan, Tiandeng County in Guangxi, Mian County in Shaanxi, Zhaozhou County in Heilongjiang and Youxi County in Fujian), and to obtain the information related to their depressive symptoms through the self-assessment questionnaire on depression. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students, as well as their related factors. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in the in-depth monitored counties was 23.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of detecting depressive symptoms was higher among female students, middle school students, students whose video screen duration per day was >2 h, and students whose parents' marital status was divorced or widowed (OR=1.40, 1.64, 1.60, 1.24), and students whose sleep duration reached the recommended standard, whose parents usually accompanied them daily for time was 60-<120 min and ≥120 min, and students whose mothers' literacy level was middle school graduation had lower probability of detecting depressive symptoms (OR=0.85, 0.84, 0.71, 0.76) (P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among students in the in-depth monitoring area is high, and targeted interventions need to be developed for students to reduce the risk of mental health problems.
- Nutrition policy /
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Rural population
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别中小学生抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4 179	874(20.9)	33.39	<0.01
	女	3 770	996(26.4)
学段	小学	4 489	831(18.5)	144.06	<0.01
	中学	3 460	1 039(30.0)
学校所在地	城市	2 043	455(22.3)	2.40	0.12
	农村	5 906	1 415(24.0)
是否住校	是	3 184	848(26.6)	28.52	<0.01
	否	4 765	1 022(21.4)
是否超重肥胖	是	1 879	469(25.0)	1.51	0.13
	否	6 070	1 401(23.1)
MVPA/(min·d^-1)	≥60	2 590	541(20.9)	14.85	<0.01
	<60	5 359	1 329(24.8)
每天视屏时长/h	>2	908	308(33.9)	61.58	<0.01
	≤2	7 041	1 562(22.2)
睡眠时长^a	达到推荐标准	6 050	1 327(21.9)	41.50	<0.01
	未达到推荐标准	1 830	535(29.2)
父母婚姻状况	在婚	6 888	1 562(22.7)	20.62	<0.01
	离异或丧偶等	1 061	308(29.0)
留守情况^a	非留守	4 352	976(22.5)	13.25	<0.01
	单亲留守	2 292	528(23.0)
	双亲留守	1 295	354(27.3)
父母每天陪伴时间/min^a	<60	3 646	979(26.9)	48.88	<0.01
父母每天陪伴时间/min^a	60~<120	2 008	444(22.1)
	≥120	2 275	442(19.4)
父亲文化程度	小学及以下	2 251	603(26.8)	19.62	<0.01
	初中	3 953	894(22.6)
	高中及以上	1 745	373(21.4)
母亲文化程度	小学及以下	2 633	736(28.0)	43.21	<0.01
	初中	3 735	789(21.1)
	高中及以上	1 581	345(21.8)
家庭经济水平	低	2 193	527(24.0)	5.23	0.07
	中	4 289	970(22.6)
	高	1 467	373(25.4)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%，^a有数据缺失。

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表 2 中小学生抑郁症状多因素Logistic回归分析(n=7 949)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of depression symptoms among primary and secondary school students(n=7 949)

常量与自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
常量		-1.88	0.17	120.75	<0.01
性别	男					1.00
	女	0.34	0.05	37.28	<0.01	1.40(1.26~1.56)
学段	小学					1.00
	中学	0.49	0.06	65.02	<0.01	1.64(1.45~1.85)
每天视屏时长/h	≤2					1.00
	>2	0.47	0.08	34.21	<0.01	1.60(1.37~1.87)
是否达到睡眠时长	否					1.00
推荐标准	是	-0.16	0.07	5.79	0.02	0.85(0.75~0.97)
父母婚姻状况	在婚					1.00
	离异或丧偶等	0.21	0.08	7.61	<0.01	1.24(1.06~1.44)
父母每天陪伴时间/min	<60					1.00
父母每天陪伴时间/min	60~<120	-0.18	0.07	5.68	0.03	0.84(0.73~0.97)
	≥120	-0.35	0.07	22.61	<0.01	0.71(0.61~0.82)
母亲文化程度	小学及以下					1.00
	初中	-0.27	0.07	16.13	<0.01	0.76(0.67~0.87)
	高中及以上	-0.07	0.10	0.61	0.44	0.93(0.77~1.12)

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