吉林省中小学生不良用耳行为及听力损伤相关因素分析

杨硕; 刘冰; 张宇婷; 吴晓刚; 梅松丽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025034

吉林省中小学生不良用耳行为及听力损伤相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025034

1.
吉林省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生指导所，长春 130062
2.
吉林大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生教研室

基金项目:

吉林省卫生健康科技能力提升项目 2022GL005

详细信息

作者简介:
杨硕(1991-)，女，吉林四平人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学校卫生与学生常见病相关工作

通讯作者:
梅松丽，E-mail: meisongli@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R764.5 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-10
- 修回日期: 2024-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Analysis of unhealthy listening habits and related factors on hearing impairment among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province

1.
School Health Guidance Institute, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun (130062), Jilin Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解吉林省中小学生不良用耳状况和听力损伤的相关因素，为预防儿童青少年听力损伤提供科学依据。方法 2021年9—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取吉林省9个地市12 847名每天使用耳机＞0.5 h的中小学生进行问卷调查，收集不良用耳习惯、生活习惯和听力损伤状况数据，采用χ²检验和Logistic回归对数据进行分析。结果近一个月内出现听力损伤的学生有1 702名(13.25%)。平均每天使用耳机时长、近一周内每天使用耳机时长≥1 h频次及近一周内在嘈杂环境中每天使用耳机≥1 h频次构成性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为47.86，57.60，66.31，P值均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，中小学生听力损伤发生的相关因素包括：平均每天使用耳机1~2和>2 h(OR=1.74，95%CI=1.60~1.90；OR=1.73，95%CI=1.59~1.90)、近一周内每天使用≥1 h耳机1~2和>2次(OR=1.71，95%CI=1.59~1.84；OR=1.83，95%CI=1.71~1.97)、近一周嘈杂环境中每天使用≥1 h耳机1~2和>2次(OR=1.48，95%CI=1.40~1.56；OR=1.72，95%CI=1.61~1.86)、差经济片区(OR=1.85，95%CI=1.76~1.96)、住校(OR=1.78，95%CI=1.69~1.89)、单亲家庭(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.60~1.87)、每天活动时间＜1 h(OR=1.71，95%CI=1.63~1.81)、每天静坐时间＞6 h(OR=1.88，95%CI=1.79~1.98)(P值均＜0.05)。结论吉林省中小学生用耳行为有待改善，尤其经济不发达地区、住校和非双亲家庭学生。需引导中小学生改善不良用耳习惯及增加户外活动，减少静坐时间。
- 耳 /
- 行为 /
- 听力受损者 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the unhealthy listening habits and related factors hearing on impairment among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hearing impairment in children and adolescents. Methods From September to November 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 12 847 primary and middle school students in nine cities of Jilin Province who use headphones for more than 0.5 hours daily for a questionnaire survey. Data on unhealthy listening habits, lifestyle habits and hearing impairment were collected. The data were analyzed using the χ² test and Logistic regression. Results Totally 1 702 students(13.25%) experienced hearing impairment within the last month. There were statistical differences between the sexes with the average daily headphone use, the times of using headphones ≥1 h every day for one week use in all environment or noisy environment (χ²=47.86, 57.60, 66.31, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis results showed that factors related to the occurrence of hearing impairment among primary and secondary school students included: average daily headphone use of 1-2 h and more than 2 h (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.60-1.90; OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.59-1.90), times of using headphones ≥1 h every day for one week were 1-2 times and >2 times (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.59-1.84; OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.71-1.97), the times of using headphones≥1 h every day for one week being 1-2 times and >2 times in noisy environment per week (OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.40-1.56; OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.61-1.86), economic underdevelopment (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.76-1.96), boarding (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.69-1.89), single-parent family (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.60-1.87), daily activity duration less than 1 h (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.63-1.81), sedentary behavior duration more than 6 h per day (OR=1.88, 95%CI=1.79-1.98) (P<0.05). Conclusions The behavior of ear protection among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province needs to be enhanced, focusing on students in economically underdeveloped areas, boarding schools and single-parent families. It is necessary to guide primary and middle school students to improve their bad ear habits, increase outdoor activities and reduce the time of sitting.
- Ear /
- Behavior /
- Hearing impaired persons /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 吉林省不同组别中小学生听力损伤报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of hearing impairment reporting rates among primary and middle school students in different groups in Jilin Province

组别	选项	人数	听力损伤人数	χ²值	P值	组别	选项	人数	听力损伤人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	60 89	810(13.30)	0.01	0.91	近一周嘈杂环境中使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	0	8 208	854(10.40)	202.92	<0.01
	女	6 758	892(13.20)			近一周嘈杂环境中使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	1~2	3 458	5 601(16.19)
学段	小学	1 685	177(10.50)	49.25	<0.01		>2	1 181	288(24.39)
	初中	4 427	514(11.61)			平均每天活动时间/h	<1	3 719	621(16.70)	54.75	<0.01
	普高	5 545	793(14.30)				1~2	4 385	517(11.79)
	职高	1 190	218(18.32)				>2	4 743	564(11.89)
经济片区	好	2 156	220(10.20)	10.81	<0.01	平均每天静坐时间/h	≤6	5 772	698(12.09)	12.22	<0.01
	中	4 646	562(12.10)				>6	7 075	1 004(14.19)
	差	6 045	920(15.22)			平均每天睡眠时间/h	<8	10 349	1 417(13.69)	7.90	<0.01
是否住校	否	10 768	1 357(12.60)	25.12	<0.01		8~10	2 384	274(11.49)
	是	2 079	345(16.59)				>10	114	11(9.65)
家庭类型	双亲	9 240	1 173(12.69)	17.08	<0.01	平均每天上网时间/h	0	6 986	782(11.19)	22.92	<0.01
	单亲	2 698	417(15.46)				>0~<1	3 545	443(12.50)
	其他	909	112(12.32)				1~2	1 318	170(12.90)
平均每天使用耳机时长/h	<1	10 303	1 247(12.10)	87.03	<0.01		>2	998	307(30.76)
平均每天使用耳机时长/h	1~2	1 713	269(15.70)			平均每天看电视时间/h	0	3 773	407(10.79)	29.63	<0.01
	>2	831	186(22.38)				>0~<1	4 586	532(11.60)
近一周每天使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	0	6 146	627(10.20)	137.26	<0.01		1~2	2 503	300(11.99)
近一周每天使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	1~2	4 270	594(13.91)				>2	1 985	463(23.32)
	>2	2 431	481(19.79)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 吉林省中小学生听力损伤相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=12 847)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of the factors affecting hearing impairment among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province(n=12 847)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
经济片区	中	0.04	0.07	0.26	0.61	0.82(0.81~1.20)
	差	0.16	0.07	7.27	<0.01	1.85(1.76~1.96)
是否住校	是	0.25	0.07	13.24	<0.01	1.78(1.69~1.89)
家庭类型	单亲	0.33	0.10	12.05	<0.01	1.72(1.60~1.87)
	其他	0.27	0.11	6.49	0.01	1.76(1.62~1.94)
平均每天使用耳机时长/h	1~2	0.31	0.10	8.96	<0.01	1.74(1.60~1.90)
	>2	0.32	0.11	8.59	<0.01	1.73(1.59~1.90)
近一周每天使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	1~2	0.35	0.09	15.69	<0.01	1.71(1.59~1.84)
近一周每天使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	>2	0.19	0.08	5.44	0.02	1.83(1.71~1.97)
近一周嘈杂环境中使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	1~2	0.75	0.09	72.32	<0.01	1.48(1.40~1.56)
近一周嘈杂环境中使用耳机时长≥1 h频次	>2	0.33	0.09	13.99	<0.01	1.72(1.61~1.86)
平均每天活动时间/h	1~2	0.36	0.08	0.64	0.43	1.07(0.91~1.25)
	＜1	0.34	0.07	26.93	<0.01	1.71(1.63~1.81)
平均每天静坐时间/h	>6	0.13	0.06	5.86	0.02	1.88(1.79~1.98)

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