Current status of eating behaviors and its predictive role in overweight and obese of adolescents
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摘要:
目的 探讨青少年饮食行为现状及影响因素，为开展青少年健康教育提供理论依据。 方法 基于“2021年中国家庭健康指数调查”数据库，采用一般人口资料调查表、患者健康量表(PHQ-9)、家庭健康量表(FHS-SF)、大五人格量表简表(BFI-10)、媒体接触量表(C-ME)、坂田饮食行为量表简版(EBS-SF)对采用随机数字表法从中国22个省和5个自治区的省会及4个直辖市中抽取的1 065名青少年进行调查。采用多元逐步线性回归分析探讨青少年饮食行为的相关因素，采用受试者工作曲线分析验证EBS-SF得分对青少年超重和肥胖的预测能力。 结果 青少年BFI-10、C-ME、FHS-SF、PHQ-9、EBS-SF总分分别为(33.08±4.64)(19.20±4.55)(38.48±6.65)(6.09±5.63)(16.75±4.36)分。多元线性回归分析显示，家庭类型(其他形式)、宜人性人格、严谨性人格、家庭健康、抑郁均是青少年EBS-SF得分的相关因素(B值分别为2.61，-0.42，0.20，-0.11，0.23，P值均＜0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析表明，EBS-SF得分能够较好地预测男性青少年肥胖(AUC=0.73, p＜0.01)。 结论 家庭类型、大五人格、家庭健康、抑郁均是青少年饮食行为的相关因素；EBS-SF得分对青少年肥胖具有预测作用，可为干预青少年健康饮食提供新的视角。 Abstract:Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of eating behaviors in adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical foundation for health promotion education among adolescents. Methods Based on the database from Survey of Chinese Family Health Index (2021), by a random number table method, 1 065 teenagers were selected from the provincial capitals of 22 provinces and 5 autonomous regions in China, as well as 4 municipalities directly under the central government. A general characteristic questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Short Form of the Family Health Scale (FHS-SF), 10-item Short Version of the Big Five Personality(BFP-10), Content-based Media Exposure Scale (CM-E) and Sakata Eating Behavior Scale Short Form(EBS-SF) were used to collect information. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was employed to identify and analyze related factors of eating behaviors among adolescents. Receiver operating characteristic was used to validate the predictive ability of the EBS-SF score for overweight and obesity among adolescents. Results The average scores of BFI-10, C-ME, FHS-SF, PHQ-9 and EBS-SF were (33.08±4.64)(19.20±4.55)(38.48±6.65)(6.09±5.63)(16.75±4.36), respectively. Multivariate linear regression showed that family type (other types), agreeableness, conscientiousness, family health and depression were the main related factors of EBS-SF scores among adolescents(B=2.61, -0.42, 0.20, -0.11, 0.23, p < 0.05).The analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the EBS-SF scores had a good ability in predicting obesity among male adolescents (AUC=0.73, p < 0.01). Conclusions Family type, big five personality, family health, depression are the related factors of eating behaviors among adolescents. EBS-SF scores are predictive of obesity in adolescents, which would provide a new perspective for promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents. -
Key words:
- Food habits /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 青少年EBS-SF得分单因素分析(x±s)
Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors associated with EBS-SF scores among adolescents(x±s)
组别 选项 人数 得分 t/F值 P值 家庭类型* 单亲 52 16.77±4.30 4.32 ＜0.01 隔代 26 17.92±4.59 核心 885 16.62±3.30 联合 26 18.12±5.51 其他形式 25 20.08±4.02 主干 51 16.04±3.99 常住地 城镇 753 16.70±4.38 0.28 0.60 农村 312 16.80±4.30 家庭补助 不清楚 438 17.16±4.17 4.95 ＜0.01 情况 社会 24 18.38±3.41 未收到 500 16.24±4.46 政府 103 17.07±4.56 家庭人均月 ≤3 000 381 17.14±3.98 2.50 0.08 收入/元 3 001~6 000 369 16.54±4.48 ≥6 001 315 16.50±4.62 性别 男 442 16.77±4.57 0.18 0.89 女 623 16.73±4.20 医保类型 公费 10 16.60±3, 31 0.72 0.58 居民医保 663 16.61±5.25 商业医保 20 17.95±4.76 职工医保 4 17.25±2.63 自费 368 16.93±4.56 吸烟情况 从不吸烟 1 036 16.72±4.36 1.07 0.34 吸烟 18 16.94±430 已戒烟 11 18.64±3.50 饮酒情况 过去30 d内喝过 163 17.15±4.28 1.56 0.21 过去30 d之前喝过 93 17.18±4.51 未喝过 809 16.61±4.35 注： *单亲家庭指由父亲或母亲和未婚子女构成的家庭，隔代家庭指由祖辈和孙辈构成的家庭，核心家庭指由父母和未婚子女构成的家庭，联合家庭指由父母和两对或两对以上己婚子女组成或兄弟姐妹己婚但未分户的家庭，主干家庭指由父母为主干组成的家庭。 
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表 2 青少年EBS-SF得分相关影响因素的多元逐步线性回归分析(n=1 065)
Table 2. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis of factors associated with EBS-SF scores among adolescents (n=1 065)
常量与自变量 选项 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 常量 18.14 1.90 9.55 ＜0.01 家庭类型 隔代 1.06 0.95 0.04 1.11 0.27 核心 0.14 0.56 0.01 0.24 0.81 联合 0.82 0.94 0.03 0.87 0.38 其他形式 2.61 0.95 0.09 2.75 0.01 主干 0.08 0.77 0.00 0.10 0.92 大五人格 外向性 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.39 0.70 宜人性 -0.42 0.09 -0.14 -4.77 ＜0.01 严谨性 0.20 0.10 0.06 2.08 0.04 神经质 -0.03 0.08 -0.01 -0.39 0.70 开放性 -0.12 0.08 -0.04 -1.53 0.13 家庭健康 -0.11 0.02 -0.17 -5.05 ＜0.01 抑郁 0.23 0.03 0.30 8.95 ＜0.01 注：家庭类型以单亲家庭为参照，大五人格、家庭健康和抑郁均为连续型变量。
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表 3 EBS-SF得分对青少年超重和肥胖预测的ROC曲线分析
Table 3. ROC curves analysis of EBS-SF scores in predicting overweight and obesity in adolescents
性别 BMI分组 人数 AUC值(95%CI) P值 男 超重+肥胖 86 0.69(0.63~0.75) ＜0.01 肥胖 38 0.73(0.64~0.81) ＜0.01 女 超重+肥胖 80 0.64(0.58~0.71) ＜0.01 肥胖 16 0.58(0.42~0.74) 0.28 合计 超重+肥胖 166 0.67(0.62~0.71) ＜0.01 肥胖 54 0.68(0.60~0.76) ＜0.01
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