湖南省2021—2023年大中学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析

连昕瑶; 王非; 王雅琪; 王欢; 郭剑辉; 师嫡; 王绍冠; 邹志勇; 陈艳华; 李晶

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025027

湖南省2021—2023年大中学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025027

连昕瑶¹,
王非²,
王雅琪¹,
王欢¹,
郭剑辉¹,
师嫡¹,
王绍冠¹,
邹志勇¹,
陈艳华^2, ,,
李晶^1, ,

1.
北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191
2.
湖南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

基金项目:

第九届中国科协青年人才托举工程(2024—2027年度)项目 2023QNRC001

详细信息

作者简介:
连昕瑶(2000-)，女，福建莆田人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

通讯作者:
陈艳华，E-mail: 30463659@qq.com

李晶，E-mail: jing.li@hsc.pku.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 G479
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- 文章访问数: 123
- HTML全文浏览量: 48
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-14
- 修回日期: 2024-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-25

Depressive symptoms and associated factors among middle school and college students from 2021 to 2023 in Hunan Province

1.
School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解湖南省中学生和大学生的抑郁症状现况及其变化趋势，探究抑郁症状的主要相关因素，为加强学生心理健康工作提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法，选取湖南省2021—2023年共279 382名大中学生作为研究对象，采用全国学生常见病和健康影响因素调查问卷进行问卷调查，使用流调中心用抑郁量表判定学生的抑郁症状。采用χ²检验、趋势χ²检验分析抑郁症状的检出情况、变化趋势，采用多因素Logistic回归分析抑郁症状的相关因素。结果 2021—2023年，湖南省大中学生抑郁症状的检出率分别为19.66%，20.17%，21.47%，呈现上升趋势(χ_趋势²=9.07，P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，健康饮食(OR=0.43，95%CI=0.40~0.45)、睡眠时间达标(OR=0.88，95%CI=0.86~0.90)、视屏时间达标(OR=0.61，95%CI=0.60~0.62)的学生抑郁症状检出风险较低，吸烟(OR=1.95，95%CI=1.88~2.02)、二手烟暴露(OR=1.33，95%CI=1.30~1.36)、网络成瘾(OR=4.19，95%CI=4.05~4.34)的学生抑郁症状检出风险较高，并且关联程度在不同性别、学段、城乡组间存在差异(OR=0.40~6.04，Z=-12.69~11.98)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论湖南省大中学生抑郁症状在2021—2023年间呈现上升趋势，对不同人口学特征学生应采取针对性的抑郁预防措施，以促进其心理健康。
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status and trends of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province, and to explore the primary related factors of depressive symptoms, so as to provide a scientific basis for strengthening mental health among students. Methods A total of 279 382 students in Hunan Province were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling method from 2021 to 2023. National Survey Questionnaire on Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students was adopted for the survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess their depressive symptoms. The χ² test and trend χ² test were used to analyze depressive symptoms prevalence and trends, and multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of depressive symptoms. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 were 19.66%, 20.17% and 21.47%, respectively, showing an upward trend (χ_trend²=9.07, P < 0.01). In addition, the results of the multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that students with healthy diet (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.40-0.45), adequate sleep (OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.86-0.90), and acceptable screen time (OR=0.61, 95%CI=0.60-0.62) had lower risks in depressive symptoms detection, while students with smoking (OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.88-2.02), secondhand smoke exposure (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.30-1.36) and Internet addiction (OR=4.19, 95%CI=4.05-4.34) had higher risks in depressive symptoms detection, with differences in the degree of association among different genders, educational stages and urban-rural groups (OR=0.40-6.04, Z=-12.69-11.98) (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is an increasing trend of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023.Targeted depression prevention measures should be taken for students with different demographic characteristics to promote their mental health.
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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图 1 湖南省大中学生抑郁症状影响因素的分层分析

Figure 1. Stratified analysis of the related factors for depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province

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表 1 不同人口学特征大中学生抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of depression symptom prevalence among middle school and college students with different demographic characteristics

变量	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	137 619	26 586(19.32)	297.37	＜0.01
	女	141 763	31 133(21.96)
学段	初中	150 069	25 949(17.29)	3775.36	＜0.01
	普高	96 807	23 761(24.54)
	职高	18 064	5 870(32.50)
	大学	14 442	2 139(14.81)
城乡	城区	126 187	25 411(20.14)	38.19	＜0.01
	郊县	153 195	32 308(21.09)
民族	汉族	229 531	45 133(19.66)	778.79	＜0.01
	其他	49 851	12 586(25.25)
年份	2021	36 094	7 097(19.66)	87.94	＜0.01
	2022	124 499	25 114(20.17)
	2023	118 789	25 508(21.47)
健康饮食	否	263 449	56 517(21.45)	1 772.32	＜0.01
	是	15 933	1 202(7.54)
吸烟	否	261 944	50 999(19.47)	3 625.11	＜0.01
	是	17 438	6 720(38.54)
二手烟暴露	否	121 988	20 269(16.62)	2 159.92	＜0.01
	是	157 394	37 450(23.79)
睡眠时间达标	否	192 917	41 345(21.43)	226.48	＜0.01
	是	86 465	16 374(18.94)
良好体育锻炼	否	254 612	53 070(20.84)	59.16	＜0.01
	是	24 770	4 649(18.77)
视屏时间达标	否	159 019	39 321(24.73)	3725.39	＜0.01
	是	120 363	18 398(15.29)
网络成瘾	否	264 214	49 417(18.70)	11 358.50	＜0.01
	是	15 168	8 302(54.73)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 湖南省大中学生抑郁症状相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=279 382)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of related factors for depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province (n=279 382)

自变量	β值	标准误	OR值(95%CI)	P值
健康饮食	-0.85	0.03	0.43(0.40~0.45)	＜0.01
睡眠时间达标	-0.13	0.01	0.88(0.86~0.90)	＜0.01
良好体育锻炼	0.00	0.02	1.00(0.97~1.04)	0.98
视屏时间达标	-0.49	0.01	0.61(0.60~0.62)	＜0.01
吸烟	0.67	0.02	1.95(1.88~2.02)	＜0.01
二手烟暴露	0.28	0.01	1.33(1.30~1.36)	＜0.01
网络成瘾	1.43	0.02	4.19(4.05~4.34)	＜0.01

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