北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸相关因素分析

秦冉; 刘扬; 李宏田; 刘建蒙; 郭欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025023

北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025023

秦冉^{1, 2},
刘扬²,
李宏田²,
刘建蒙²,
郭欣^3, ,

1.
北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所，100013
2.
北京大学公共卫生学院/生育健康研究所
3.
中国疾病预防控制中心

基金项目:

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目领军人才-01-09

详细信息

作者简介:
秦冉(1991-)，男，江苏徐州人，在读博士，主管医师，主要研究方向为青少年控烟

通讯作者:
郭欣，E-mail：gguoxin2000@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 F768.29 G479
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- 文章访问数: 139
- HTML全文浏览量: 47
- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-03
- 修回日期: 2024-11-15
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-25

Analysis of related factors of dual use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes among middle school students in Beijing

QIN Ran^{1, 2},
LIU Yang²,
LI Hongtian²,
LIU Jianmeng²,
GUO Xin^{3
, ,}

1.
School Health Department, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸的相关因素，为适应新形势开展青少年控烟工作提供科学依据。方法分别于2019和2023年的4—6月，采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法分别从北京市16个区抽取15 688和13 607名初、高中学生，采用线上自填问卷的方式完成北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟的使用、二手烟暴露、对烟草的态度和认识等内容的调查。采用χ²检验进行率的比较，采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸的相关因素。结果北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸率由2019年的4.88%降至2023年的2.46%。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示，家中任何地方都不能吸烟(男生：OR=0.47，女生：OR=0.34)、过去1个月未看到有人在校园内吸烟(男生：OR=0.43，女生：OR=0.26)的中学生共吸风险均较低；非常同意和同意吸烟快乐(男生：OR值分别为4.11，2.22，女生：OR值分别为5.32，3.87)、认为吸烟能增加年轻人吸引力(男生：OR=3.13，女生：OR=5.81)、好朋友递烟可能会吸(男生：OR=4.24，女生：OR=7.21)、认为未来1年可能会吸烟(男生：OR=5.77，女生：OR=7.74)的中学生共吸风险均较高(P值均 < 0.05)。在男生群体中，初中生(OR=0.50)、学习成绩优秀(OR=0.36)、不接受烟草公司免费烟草产品(OR=0.38)、认为吸烟不可以提神(OR=0.37)、认为吸烟不上瘾仍会危害健康(OR=0.32)的中学生共吸风险均较低；家庭以外的室内公共场所二手烟暴露史(OR=2.19)、认为戒烟肯定不难(OR=2.57)、好朋友给电子烟肯定会使用(OR=11.27)的中学生共吸风险均较高(P值均 < 0.05)。在女生群体中，不使用印有烟草产品品牌标志物品(OR=0.28)的中学生共吸风险较低，父母均吸烟(OR=5.53)、认为戒烟可能不难(OR=4.44)的中学生共吸风险均较高(P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京市中学生传统卷烟和电子烟共吸率下降；建议以无烟家庭建设为抓手，降低室内二手烟暴露和控制烟草促销，促进在中学生群体中形成正确的控烟文化和道德约束。
- 吸烟 /
- 烟草 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the factors related to dual use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes among middle school students in Beijing, in order to provide a scientific basis for adapting to the new situation and carrying out tobacco control among adolescents. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 15 688 and 13 607 junior and senior middle school students from 16 districts in Beijing from April to June in 2019 and 2023, respectively. Online self-administered questionnaires among middle school students in Beijing were completed, including use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, exposure to second-hand smoke, attitudes and perceptions towards tobacco, etc. The Chi-square test was used to compare rates, and a multiple factors Logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes dual use among middle school students. Results The dual use rate of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes in 2023 had decreased to 2.46% from 4.88% in 2019 among middle school students in Beijing. The results of the multiple Logistic regression model analysis showed that among middle school students, tobacco control anywhere at home (boys: OR=0.47, girls: OR=0.34), without anyone smoking on campus in the past month (boys: OR=0.43, girls: OR=0.26) had lower risks of dual use (P < 0.05); and middle school students strongly or slightly agreeing that smoking could bring happiness (boys: OR=4.11, 2.22, girls: OR=5.32, 3.87), believing that smoking could increase attractiveness of young people (boys: OR=3.13, girls: OR=5.81), smoking cigarettes handed over by good friends (boys: OR=4.24, girls: OR=7.21), thinking smoking in the next year (boys: OR=5.77, girls: OR=7.74) had higher risks of dual use (P < 0.05).Among boys, junior middle school students (OR=0.50), excellent academic performance (OR=0.36), no acceptance of free tobacco products from tobacco companies (OR=0.38), believing that smoking couldn't refresh oneself (OR=0.37) and smoking still could pose a health hazard though not yet addictive (OR=0.32) had lower risks of dual use (P < 0.05);and boys with a history of secondhand smoke exposure indoor outside home (OR=2.19), believing that quitting smoking without difficulty (OR=2.57), smoking e-cigarettes handed over by good friends (OR=11.27) had higher risks of dual use (P < 0.05). Among girls, no acceptance of using tobacco product labeled items (OR=0.28) had lower risks of dual use (P < 0.05); and girls whose parents both smoke (OR=5.53), believing that quitting smoking might not be difficult (OR=4.44) had higher risks of dual use (P < 0.05). Conclusions The dual use rate of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes among middle school students in Beijing has decreased. It is recommended to take the construction of smoke-free families as the starting point, so as to reduce indoor second-hand smoke exposure and control tobacco promotions, and promote the formation of correct tobacco control culture and moral constraints among secondary school students.
- Smoking /
- Tobacco /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别北京市中学生2019和2023年传统卷烟和电子烟共吸率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the dual use rates of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes among high school students in Beijing between 2019 and 2023 in different groups

组别	2019年		2023年		χ²值	P值
组别	人数	共吸人数	人数	共吸人数	χ²值	P值
学段
初中	6 551	188(2.87)	6 898	103(1.49)	30.08	< 0.01
普通高中	6 541	265(4.05)	4 839	119(2.46)	21.63	< 0.01
职业高中	2 596	312(12.02)	1 870	113(6.04)	45.08	< 0.01
城郊
城区	7 154	323(4.51)	6 695	110(1.64)	94.18	< 0.01
郊区	8 534	442(5.18)	6 912	225(3.26)	34.22	< 0.01
性别
男	8 241	614(7.45)	6 970	258(3.70)	98.21	< 0.01
女	7 447	151(2.03)	6 637	77(1.16)	16.58	< 0.01
户籍
京籍	13 288	585(4.40)	12 661	308(2.43)	75.71	< 0.01
非京籍	2 400	180(7.50)	946	27(2.85)	25.23	< 0.01
住校
是	4 215	319(7.57)	2 881	122(4.23)	32.63	< 0.01
否	11 473	446(3.89)	10 726	213(1.99)	69.59	< 0.01
最近半年每天零花钱/元
< 10	4 380	141(3.22)	4 820	70(1.45)	31.97	< 0.01
10~ < 30	5 790	217(3.75)	4 394	86(1.96)	27.75	< 0.01
30~<150	4 625	288(6.23)	3 640	132(3.63)	28.56	< 0.01
≥150	893	119(13.33)	753	47(6.24)	22.61	< 0.01
家庭限制吸烟规定
任何地方都可吸烟	2 602	344(13.22)	1 682	140(8.32)	24.45	< 0.01
只能在部分地方吸烟	5 857	232(3.96)	4 698	119(2.53)	16.54	< 0.01
任何地方都不能吸烟	7 229	189(2.61)	7 227	76(1.05)	49.05	< 0.01
学校禁止吸烟规定
完全禁止	13 983	647(4.63)	12 238	290(2.37)	96.51	< 0.01
某些区域可以	1 594	85(5.33)	1 321	36(2.73)	12.34	< 0.01
任何地方都可以	111	33(29.73)	48	9(18.75)	2.08	0.15
注： ()内数字为共吸率/%。

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表 2 北京市中学生2023年传统卷烟和电子烟共吸相关因素的Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis on the related factors of dual use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes among high school students in Beijing in 2023

常数项与自变量	男生(n=6 970)					女生(6 637)
常数项与自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
常数项	3.79	1.30	8.54		< 0.01	-0.06	1.41	0.00		0.96
学段(职业高中)
初中	-0.69	0.26	7.35	0.50(0.30~0.83)	0.01				—
普通高中	-0.20	0.24	0.70	0.82(0.51~1.31)	0.40				—
学习成绩(较差)
优秀	-1.02	0.35	8.38	0.36(0.18~0.72)	< 0.01				—
良好	-1.13	0.31	13.01	0.32(0.17~0.60)	< 0.01				—
一般	-0.91	0.31	8.76	0.40(0.22~0.74)	< 0.01				—
父母吸烟情况(都不吸)
只有父亲吸				—		-0.09	0.45	0.04	0.92(0.38~2.19)	0.84
只有母亲吸				—		-1.54	1.27	1.47	0.21(0.02~2.59)	0.23
都吸				—		1.71	0.60	8.13	5.53(1.71~17.92)	< 0.01
家庭限制吸烟规定(任何地方都可吸烟)
只能在部分地方吸烟	-0.20	0.24	0.75	0.82(0.52~1.29)	0.39	-0.92	0.40	5.33	0.40(0.18~0.87)	0.02
任何地方都不能吸烟	-0.75	0.27	7.74	0.47(0.28~0.80)	< 0.01	-1.07	0.48	4.86	0.34(0.13~0.89)	0.03
过去1个月看到有人在校园内吸烟(是)	-0.85	0.20	17.21	0.43(0.29~0.64)	< 0.01	-1.34	0.33	16.39	0.26(0.14~0.50)	< 0.01
家庭以外的室内公共场所二手烟暴露(否)	0.79	0.23	11.28	2.19(1.39~3.47)	< 0.01				—
是否接受烟草公司免费烟草产品(是)	-0.97	0.33	8.50	0.38(0.20~0.73)	< 0.01				—
是否使有印有烟草产品品牌标志物品(是)				—		-1.27	0.43	8.59	0.28(0.12~0.66)	< 0.01
是否赞同吸烟快乐(非常反对)
非常同意	1.41	0.35	16.16	4.11(2.06~8.18)	< 0.01	1.67	0.62	7.25	5.32(1.58~17.96)	0.01
同意	0.80	0.33	5.70	2.22(1.15~4.28)	0.02	1.35	0.55	6.12	3.87(1.33~11.31)	0.01
反对	0.52	0.27	3.60	1.68(0.98~2.86)	0.06	0.81	0.41	3.95	2.25(1.01~5.01)	0.05
吸烟使年轻人吸引力(减少)
增加	1.14	0.31	13.44	3.13(1.70~5.76)	< 0.01	1.76	0.43	16.96	5.81(2.52~13.43)	< 0.01
无影响	0.29	0.24	1.51	1.34(0.84~2.15)	0.22	-0.01	0.40	0.00	0.99(0.46~2.16)	0.99
吸烟可以提神(是)	-1.00	0.22	20.70	0.37(0.24~0.57)	< 0.01				—
吸烟只要不上瘾不会危害健康(是)	-1.14	0.28	16.00	0.32(0.18~0.56)	< 0.01				—
你觉得戒烟很难吗(肯定很难)
肯定不难	0.95	0.31	9.07	2.57(1.39~4.76)	< 0.01	0.72	0.63	1.30	2.05(0.60~6.99)	0.25
可能不难	0.61	0.31	3.74	1.84(0.99~3.40)	0.05	1.49	0.48	9.80	4.44(1.75~11.30)	< 0.01
可能很难	0.44	0.26	2.81	1.55(0.93~2.58)	0.09	0.61	0.40	2.35	1.84(0.84~4.02)	0.13
好朋友递烟会吸吗(肯定不会)
可能不会	1.25	0.34	13.26	3.50(1.78~6.87)	< 0.01	0.68	0.57	1.43	1.98(0.65~6.05)	0.23
可能会	1.44	0.40	13.11	4.24(1.94~9.26)	< 0.01	1.98	0.65	9.15	7.21(2.00~25.94)	< 0.01
肯定会	-0.40	0.75	0.28	0.67(0.16~2.92)	0.60	1.69	1.17	2.10	5.44(0.55~53.83)	0.15
未来1年会吸烟吗(肯定不会)
可能不会	0.12	0.35	0.12	1.13(0.57~2.25)	0.73	0.95	0.54	3.12	2.59(0.90~7.45)	0.08
可能会	1.75	0.37	22.61	5.77(2.80~11.90)	< 0.01	2.05	0.65	9.85	7.74(2.16~27.81)	< 0.01
肯定会	3.05	0.61	24.85	21.03(6.35~69.67)	< 0.01	1.95	1.43	1.87	7.06(0.43~116.17)	0.17
好朋友给电子烟，会使用吗(肯定不会)
可能不会	0.82	0.32	6.50	2.28(1.21~4.29)	0.01				—
可能会	1.44	0.36	16.34	4.22(2.10~8.47)	< 0.01				—
肯定会	2.42	0.85	8.04	11.27(2.11~60.14)	< 0.01				—
注：常数项与自变量栏中()内为参照变量。

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