河南省三地市中小学生校园餐营养供给状况

李杉; 杨丽; 何其栋; 曹林林; 陈晓珑; 刘秉瑞; 冯寅花; 付鹏钰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025016

河南省三地市中小学生校园餐营养供给状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025016

1.
河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所营养与食品安全研究室，郑州 450016
2.
安阳市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科
3.
周口市疾病预防控制中心食品和学校卫生科
4.
洛阳市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与评价所

基金项目:

河南省医学科技攻关计划项目 LHGJ20240619

详细信息

作者简介:
李杉(1986-)，女，河南平顶山人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事营养与食品安全工作

通讯作者:
付鹏钰，E-mail: fupengyu888@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-11
- 修回日期: 2024-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-25

Nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary students in three cities of Henan Province

1.
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Public Health Institute, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou(450016), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解河南省中小学生校园餐的营养供给情况，为科学指导校园餐提供依据。方法 2021—2023年，采用直接抽选法在河南省周口市、安阳市、洛阳市抽取25所中小学校，采集在校学生115份午餐和晚餐，每份样品分别测定蛋白质等13种营养素，依据《学生餐营养指南》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2023版)》对营养素供给量进行评价。利用Mann-Whitney U检验分析城市、农村学校之间营养素供给量差异。结果 66份小学生在校午晚餐能量(709.77 kcal，1 kcal=4.18 kJ)、脂肪供能比(0.27)、碳水化合物供能比(0.55)的中位数在参考范围之内；蛋白质(28.39 g)和钠(1 464.59 mg)的供给量中位数过高；锌(2.62 mg)、膳食纤维(5.19 g)等供给量中位数均低于参考值；城市和农村小学的13种营养素供给量差异均无统计学意义(U=427.00~633.00, P值均>0.05)。49份初中在校午晚餐能量(930.02 kcal)、碳水化合物供能比(0.54)和脂肪供能比(0.25)中位数在参考范围之内，蛋白质(38.82 g)和钠(2 556.80 mg)的供给量中位数偏高，钙(250.32 mg)、维生素B1(0.16 mg)等供给量中位数均偏低，城市和农村的初中比较，维生素B2和锌的供给量差异均有统计学意义(U值分别为372.00，375.00，P值均＜0.05)。结论河南省三地市中小学在校学生餐的营养素供给在充足性和均衡性上均有所欠缺，食谱需进一步优化改进。
- 能量摄取 /
- 营养状况 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results The median values for energy (709.77 kcal, 1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools(U=427.00-633.00, P>0.05). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio (0.54) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 (U=372.00) and zinc (U=375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.
- Energy intake /
- Nutritional status /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同学段城乡中小学生在校午晚餐营养素供给情况比较(M)

Table 1. Comparison of nutrient supply status in school lunch and dinner between urban and rural primary and secondary students in different school stages(M)

学段	城乡	样本量	统计值	能量/kcal	蛋白质/g	脂肪供能比	碳水化合物供能比	膳食纤维/g	维生素A/μg RAE	维生素B1/mg	维生素B2/mg	钠/mg	钙/mg	铁/mg	锌/mg	硒/mg
小学	城市	34		678.20	29.98	0.31	0.54	4.13	0	0.05	0.02	1 542.50	199.01	4.76	2.59	0.01
	农村	32		731.21	27.07	0.27	0.58	5.42	0	0.17	0.03	1 381.62	156.82	6.39	2.64	0.01
	合计	66		709.77	28.39	0.27	0.55	5.19	0	0.09	0.02	1 464.59	185.53	5.25	2.62	0.01
			U值	468.00	563.00	621.00	427.00	520.00	544.00	479.00	536.00	556.00	633.00	502.00	579.00	534.00
			P值	0.33	0.81	0.33	0.14	0.76	1.00	0.39	0.92	0.88	0.26	0.59	0.66	0.90
初中	城市	25		983.15	46.07	0.26	0.53	7.73	0	0.20	0.63	2440.03	243.47	8.36	5.34	0.02
	农村	24		899.77	35.47	0.25	0.57	8.14	0	0.11	0.00	2 750.38	259.34	7.67	3.72	0.02
	合计	49		930.02	38.82	0.25	0.54	7.77	0	0.16	0.00	2 556.80	250.32	7.85	4.10	0.02
			U值	296.00	340.00	294.00	229.00	262.00	325.00	312.00	372.00	273.00	239.00	337.00	375.00	336.00
			P值	0.62	0.16	0.65	0.37	0.84	0.12	0.39	0.02	0.99	0.49	0.18	0.03	0.18
注： 1 kcal=4.18 kJ。

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