上海市儿童青少年周末户外活动水平及其与近视的关联

王艳姣; 王菁菁; 倪梓涵; 戚紫怡; 陈军; 刘思辰; 杨金柳行; 杜林琳; 何鲜桂

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025012

上海市儿童青少年周末户外活动水平及其与近视的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025012

王艳姣¹,
王菁菁^{2, 3, 4},
倪梓涵²,
戚紫怡^{3, 4},
陈军^{3, 4},
刘思辰^{3, 4},
杨金柳行^{3, 4},
杜林琳^{3, 4},
何鲜桂^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
上海中医药大学公共健康学院，上海 201203
2.
复旦大学医学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健教研室
3.
上海市眼病防治中心/同济大学附属眼科医院
4.
上海交通大学医学院附属上海市第一人民医院/国家眼部疾病临床医学研究中心

基金项目:

上海市卫生健康委员会学科带头人计划项目 2022XD032

详细信息

作者简介:
王艳姣(1994-)，女，山东菏泽人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年近视防控

通讯作者:
何鲜桂，E-mail: xianhezi@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778.1⁺¹ G806
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- HTML全文浏览量: 78
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-12
- 修回日期: 2024-12-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-25

Association of outdoor activity level and myopia among children and adolescents in Shanghai

WANG Yanjiao¹,
WANG Jingjing^{2, 3, 4},
NI Zihan²,
QI Ziyi^{3, 4},
CHEN Jun^{3, 4},
LIU Sichen^{3, 4},
YANG Jinliuxing^{3, 4},
DU Linlin^{3, 4},
HE Xiangui^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析上海市不同学段儿童青少年周末户外活动现况及其对近视的影响，为制定更具针对性的近视防控方案提供依据。方法 2022年9—10月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取上海市84所学校(27所幼儿园、21所小学、15所初中和21所高中)28 654名4~18岁儿童青少年纳入研究。通过眼科检查和问卷调查获取儿童青少年近视检出情况、户外活动时间及其相关因素信息，采用多因素Logistic回归分析周末户外活动水平相关因素。结果调查对象的总近视检出率为58.4%，女生(59.2%)高于男生(57.6%)，周末平均每日户外活动时长≥2和 < 2 h的儿童青少年近视检出率分别为54.6%，68.8%，组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.12，460.89，P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生(OR=0.80)、父母任一方近视(OR=0.68)、学校所在区域为中心城区(OR=0.72)、高学习阶段(小学：OR=0.65；初中：OR=0.24；高中：OR=0.14)、周末平均每日完成作业时长≥2 h(OR=0.57)的儿童青少年，其周末户外活动时长≥2 h的可能性均更低(P值均 < 0.01)。以儿童青少年是否近视作为因变量，将性别、父母近视情况、学段、学校所在区域、周末平均每日完成作业时长、使用电子产品时长及户外活动时长纳入多因素Logistic回归分析后，结果显示，周末平均户外活动时长≥2 h的儿童青少年近视发生风险较低(OR=0.86，P < 0.01)。结论儿童青少年周末户外活动水平有待提高，周末户外活动是儿童青少年近视的相关因素，女生、家长近视、学校在中心城区、周末作业时间长的儿童青少年尤其需加强关注。
- 运动活动 /
- 近视 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyze the status of outdoor activities on weekends among children and adolescents of different educational stages in Shanghai and their impact on myopia, so as to provide a basis for formulating more specific prevention and control protocol of myopia. Methods From September to October 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 84 schools (27 kindergartens, 21 primary schools, 15 junior high schools and 21 high schools) across Shanghai, enrolling a total of 28 654 children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 for the study. Ophthalmic examinations were conducted to ascertain the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was administered to collect data on outdoor activity duration and associated factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associated factors of outdoor activity levels on weekends. Results The overall myopia detection rate among children and adolescents was 58.4%, with a higher rate observed in girls (59.2%) compared to boys (57.6%). The myopia detection rates for children and adolescents with an average daily outdoor activity duration of ≥2 h and < 2 h on weekends were 54.6% and 68.8%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=8.12, 460.89, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls (OR=0.80), those with a myopic parent (OR=0.68), schools from urban districts (OR=0.72), higher education stages (primary school: OR=0.65, junior high school: OR=0.24, high school: OR=0.14) and spending≥2 h/d on homework during weekends (OR=0.57) among children and adolescents were less likely to engage in outdoor activities for ≥2 h on weekends (P < 0.01). After incorporating gender, parental myopia status, educational stage, school location, average daily duration on weekends for spending on homework, electronic product usage and outdoor activities as dependent variables in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the results showed that children and adolescents with an average outdoor activity duration for ≥2 h on weekends had a lower risk of myopia (OR=0.86, P < 0.01). Conclusions The level of outdoor activity among children and adolescents on weekends needs to be improved. Outdoor activities on weekends is an associated factor for myopia among children and adolescents. Particularly, girls, those with myopic parents, schools from urban districts, and spending long hours on homework during weekends among children and adolescents require increased attention.
- Motor activity /
- Myopia /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 4~18岁儿童青少年周末户外活动、使用电子产品和作业时长随年龄变化情况

Figure 1. Changes in weekend outdoor activities, electronic products usage, and homework duration with age among children and adolescents aged 4-18 years old

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同学段儿童青少年周末平均每日户外活动时长分布

Figure 2. Distribution of average weekend outdoor time among children and adolescents in different academic stages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同组别4~18岁儿童青少年近视检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of myopia detection rates among children and adolescents aged 4-18 years old in different groups

组别	选项	人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值
父母是否近视	任一方近视	21 255	12 609(59.3)	31.72	< 0.01
	均不近视	7 399	4 112(55.6)
性别	男	14 857	8 551(57.6)	8.12	< 0.01
	女	13 797	8 170(59.2)
学段	幼儿园	4 280	1 140(26.6)	4 533.30*	< 0.01
	小学	12 436	6 073(48.8)
	初中	6 192	4 705(76.0)
	高中	5 746	4 803(83.6)
学校所在区域	城乡结合部	6 557	3 389(51.7)	155.64	< 0.01
	中心城区	22 097	13 332(60.3)
周末平均每日户外活动时长/h	< 2	7 610	5 232(68.8)	460.89	< 0.01
	≥2	21 044	11 489(54.6)
周末平均每日使用电子产品时长/h	< 2	10 106	4 925(48.7)	594.71	< 0.01
	≥2	18 548	11 796(63.6)
周末平均每日完成作业时长/h	< 2	6 959	2 814(40.4)	1 214.26	< 0.01
	≥2	21 695	13 907(64.1)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；* 为趋势χ²值。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 4~18岁儿童青少年周末平均户外活动水平单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis for average weekend outdoor time among children and adolescents aged 4-18 years old

组别	选项	人数	≥2 h/d	χ²值	P值
性别	男	14 857	11 199(75.4)	59.35	< 0.01
	女	13 797	9 845(71.4)
父母是否近视	均不近视	7 399	5 660(76.5)	47.73	< 0.01
	任一方近视	21 255	15 384(72.4)
学段	幼儿园	4 280	3 627(84.7)	2 046.99*	< 0.01
	小学	12 436	10 217(82.2)
	初中	6 192	4 098(66.2)
	高中	5 746	3 102(54.0)
学校所在区域	城乡结合部	6 557	5 214(79.5)	160.95	< 0.01
	中心城区	22 097	15 830(71.6)
周末平均每日使用电子产品时长/h	< 2	10 106	7 487(74.1)	3.31	0.07
	≥2	18 548	13 557(73.1)
周末平均每日完成作业时长/h	< 2	6 959	5 255(75.5)	20.23	< 0.01
	≥2	21 695	15 789(72.8)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%；* 为趋势χ²值。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 4~18岁儿童青少年近视相关因素的Logistic回归分析

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of factors related to myopia in adolescent and children aged 4-18 years old

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	OR值(95%CI)	P值
性别	男			1.00
	女	0.07	0.03	1.08(1.02~1.13)	0.01
父母是否近视	不近视			1.00
	任一方近视	0.42	0.03	1.52(1.43~1.62)	< 0.01
学段	幼儿园			1.00
	小学	0.87	0.04	2.40(2.21~2.60)	< 0.01
	初中	2.05	0.05	7.79(7.05~8.62)	< 0.01
	高中	2.51	0.06	12.31(11.01~13.75)	< 0.01
学校所在区域	城乡结合部			1.00
	中心城区	0.21	0.03	1.23(1.16~1.31)	< 0.01
周末平均每日户	< 21.00
外活动时长/h	≥2	-0.15	0.03	0.86(0.81~0.92)	< 0.01
周末平均每日使用电子产品时长/h	< 21.00
	≥2	0.07	0.03	1.07(1.01~1.13)	0.03
周末平均每日完成作业时长/h	< 21.00
	≥2	0.19	0.03	1.21(1.13~1.30)	< 0.01

下载: 导出CSV

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