吉林省中小学校卫生保健室设置及管理现状

王俏; 杨淑娟; 张义全; 张培彬; 于淼; 刘云娟; 崔婷

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024379

吉林省中小学校卫生保健室设置及管理现状

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024379

1.
吉林省卫生健康综合监督保障中心学校卫生监督保障科，长春 130062
2.
吉林大学公共卫生学院

详细信息

作者简介:
王俏(1988-)，女，吉林长春人，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事学校卫生监督工作

通讯作者:
张义全，E-mail：541366743@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G627.8 G478.2 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-29
- 修回日期: 2024-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Establishment and management of health room in primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province

1.
School Health Supervision and Guarantee Department, Jilin Provincial Health Comprehensive Supervision and Guarantee Center, Changchun (130062), Jilin Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解吉林省中小学校卫生(保健)室现状，为学校卫生资源配置的优化提供数据支撑。方法 2023年4—7月，方便选取吉林省512所中小学校和1 432名校医及保健教师进行电子问卷调查，内容包括学校基本情况、卫生(保健)室情况、人员设置、学校卫生工作开展情况等。结果 512所学校中应设置卫生室的299所学校仅有6.4%有医疗机构执业许可证，卫生室面积达标率为16.6%，保健室面积达标率为75.0%。92.1%的中学和90.6%的小学已明确传染病疫情报告人且为在编人员，90.9%的小学和85.5%的中学为学生建档。73.5%的卫生(保健)室人员专业为师范类，卫生技术人员仅占17.9%。校医或保健教师中70.1%从事兼职工作，60.9%从事学校卫生工作≤5年。在急需培训提升的内容方面，排在前5位的分别是急救知识(79.7%)、传染病防治知识(73.3%)、健康教育(64.0%)、常见病诊断(60.1%)、心理咨询(53.6%)。结论吉林省中小学校卫生保健机构和设备设施配备不足，校医和保健教师队伍建设不健全。应加强对学校卫生工作的重视程度，合力优化校医和保健教师队伍。
- 卫生设施 /
- 卫生保健提供 /
- 卫生人员 /
- 组织和管理
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of health rooms in primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province, so as to provide the data support for scientific decision-making. Methods From April to July 2023, 512 primary and secondary schools and 1 432 school doctors and health care teachers were selected through convenience sampling method in Jilin Province to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey, including the basic information of the school, the situation of health rooms, personnel setting, and the development of school health work. Results Among the 512 schools, only 6.4% of the 299 schools that should have clinics had medical institution practice licenses. The compliance rate of clinic area was 16.6%, and the compliance rate of health room area was 75.0%. About 92.1% of the middle schools and 90.6% of the primary schools identified the reporters of infectious diseases, and 90.9% of the primary schools and 85.5% of the secondary schools filed files for students. Totally 73.5% of the staff in the health room were teachers, and only 17.9% were health professionals. Nearly 70.1% of school doctors or health care teachers were engaged in part-time jobs, and 60.9% engaged in school health for ≤5 years. In terms of the content in urgent need of training and improvement, the top five were knowledge about first aid (79.7%), infectious disease prevention and treatment(73.3%), health education (64.0%), common disease diagnosis (60.1%) and psychological counseling (53.6%). Conclusions Health care institutions, equipment and facilities in primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province are inadequate, and the construction of school doctors and health care teachers is in need of improvement. It should pay more attention to school health and work together to optimize the team of school doctors and health care teachers.
- Health facilities /
- Delivery of health care /
- Health personnel /
- Organization and administration
注释:

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表 1 吉林省学校卫生(保健)室基本设备设施不同学段配备率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the rate of provision of basic equipment and facilities in school sanitation (health care) rooms in Jilin Province by different school levels

设备项目	中学 (n=214)	小学 (n=298)	χ²值	P值
视力表灯箱	207(96.7)	289(97.0)	0.03	0.87
杠杆式体重秤	189(88.3)	283(95.0)	7.65	0.01
身高坐高计	190(88.8)	266(89.3)	0.03	0.87
课桌椅测量尺	124(57.9)	203(68.1)	5.59	0.02
血压计	191(89.3)	275(92.3)	1.40	0.24
听诊器	175(81.8)	259(86.9)	2.55	0.11
体温计	213(99.5)	297(99.7)	0.06	0.81
急救箱	205(95.8)	286(96.0)	0.01	0.92
压舌板	162(75.7)	267(89.6)	17.71	< 0.01
诊察床	200(93.5)	278(93.3)	0.01	0.94
诊察桌	174(81.3)	241(80.9)	0.02	0.90
诊察凳	175(81.8)	236(79.2)	0.52	0.47
注射器	80(37.4)	131(44.0)	2.22	0.14
敷料缸	121(56.5)	195(65.4)	4.17	0.04
方盘	174(81.3)	253(84.9)	1.16	0.28
镊子	185(86.4)	277(93.0)	5.98	0.01
止血带	162(75.7)	251(84.2)	5.81	0.02
药品柜	187(87.4)	269(90.3)	1.06	0.30
污物桶	170(79.4)	269(90.3)	11.95	< 0.01
紫外线灯	147(68.7)	231(77.5)	5.02	0.03
高压灭菌锅	128(59.8)	178(59.7)	< 0.01	0.99
注：()内数字为配备率/%。

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表 2 吉林省不同学段学校卫生(保健)室“一案八制”建设率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the rate of construction of One Case, Eight Systems in school health (health care) rooms of different school levels in Jilin Province

学段	数量	突发公共卫生事件应急预案	突发公共卫生事件报告制度	学生晨检制度	因病缺课登记/追踪制度	复课证明查验制度	学生健康管理制度	学生免疫规划管理制度	传染病预防控制健康教育制度	通风、消毒等制度
小学	298	291(97.7)	283(95.0)	288(96.6)	283(95.0)	276(92.6)	276(92.6)	199(66.8)	265(88.9)	287(96.3)
中学	214	205(95.8)	199(93.0)	211(98.6)	210(98.1)	192(89.7)	186(86.9)	103(48.1)	173(80.8)	205(95.8)
χ²值		1.42	0.88	1.92	2.41	1.33	4.60	17.90	6.59	0.09
P值		0.23	0.35	0.17	0.12	0.25	0.03	< 0.01	0.01	0.77
注：()内数字为建设率/%。

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表 3 吉林省不同学段学校常见病管理关注率比较

Table 3. Comparison of the rate of concern for the management of common diseases of different school levels in Jilin Province

学段	数量	视力不良	龋齿	营养不良	肥胖	脊柱弯曲异常
小学	298	277(93.0)	225(75.5)	111(37.2)	212(71.1)	72(24.2)
中学	214	210(98.1)	139(65.0)	85(39.7)	158(73.8)	55(25.7)
χ²值		7.19	6.75	0.33	0.45	0.16
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	0.57	0.50	0.69
注：()内数字为关注率/%。

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表 4 吉林省学校卫生(保健)室工作人员基本信息特征分布各学段间比较

Table 4. Comparison of the distribution of basic information about the characteristics of school health (health care) room staff by school levels in Jilin Province

变量	选项	小学 (n=711)	中学 (n=721)	χ²值	P值
性别	男	84(11.8)	86(11.9)	0.00	0.95
	女	627(88.2)	635(88.1)
年龄/岁	≤25	45(6.3)	17(2.4)	26.95	< 0.01
	26~35	192(27.0)	154(21.4)
	36~45	144(20.3)	202(28.0)
	≥46	330(46.4)	348(48.3)
文化程度	高中及以下	0	3(0.4)	19.18	< 0.01
	中专	6(0.8)	13(1.8)
	大专	121(17.0)	176(24.4)
	本科	571(80.3)	521(72.3)
	硕士及以上	13(1.8)	8(1.1)
毕业院校	医学	164(23.1)	92(12.8)	26.09	< 0.01
	师范	487(68.5)	565(78.4)
	其他	60(8.4)	64(8.9)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 5 吉林省学校卫生(保健)室工作人员工作信息构成各学段间比较

Table 5. Comparison of the composition of information on the work of staff working in school health (health care) rooms by school levels in Jilin Province

变量	选项	小学 (n=711)	中学 (n=721)	χ²值	P值
聘用关系	正式编制	626(88.0)	652(90.4)	2.12	0.15
	临时聘用	85(12.0)	69(9.6)
工作性质	专职	223(31.4)	185(25.7)	7.03	0.03
	兼职	481(67.7)	523(72.5)
	委托	7(1.0)	13(1.8)
工作年限/年	0~5	438(61.6)	434(60.2)	11.32	0.02
	6~10	103(14.5)	139(19.3)
	11~15	57(8.0)	66(9.2)
	16~20	41(5.8)	26(3.6)
	>20	72(10.1)	56(7.8)
执业资格	执业医师	43(6.0)	26(3.6)	29.31	< 0.01
	执业助理医师	4(0.6)	3(0.4)
	护士	89(12.5)	39(5.4)
	教师	548(77.1)	628(87.1)
	其他	27(3.8)	25(3.5)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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