大学生身体活动模式与负性情绪症状的关联

雷震洲; 熊建萍; 王慧霞; 刘向东; 毛超良; 徐佳丽; 蒋竞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024377

大学生身体活动模式与负性情绪症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024377

1.
丽水职业技术学院旅游健康学院，浙江 323000
2.
江西财经大学体育学院
3.
萍乡学院体育学院
4.
上饶师范学院体育学院
5.
江西医学高等专科学校泊月科学中心

基金项目:

2024年江西省基础教育研究课题项目 SZUSYTY2024-1051

浙江省教育厅科研项目 Y202455785

详细信息

作者简介:
雷震洲(1990-)，男，浙江丽水人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、体育教学与训练

通讯作者:
徐佳丽，E-mail：804265124@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 B844.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-02
- 修回日期: 2024-11-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Association between physical activity patterns and negative emotional symptoms among college students

1.
School of Tourism and Health, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui (323000), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨大学生身体活动模式与负性情绪症状的关联，为改善大学生心理健康提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法，于2023年10—11月选取上海、江西、湖北、山西四省(市)7所高校的14 767名大学生为研究对象，采用国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(IPAQ)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表-21(DASS-21)、自编问卷及失眠严重程度指数(ISI)调查一般人口学特征、身体活动情况、负性情绪症状、碳酸饮料消费、快餐消费、睡眠情况信息。使用Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较大学生身体活动相关因素与负性情绪的关联，运用Logistic回归分析大学生身体活动模式与抑郁、焦虑、压力症状程度的关联。结果不同性别大学生身体活动水平、近一周中高身体活动习惯、近一周中高身体活动达标情况和身体活动模式分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为297.07，259.27，351.40，353.32，P值均<0.01)。大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力症状检出率分别为26.6%，34.9%，13.3%。不同身体活动水平分组、近一周中高身体活动习惯、近一周中高身体活动达标情况、身体活动模式组间大学生不同程度的抑郁、焦虑、压力症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(Z/H值分别为82.21，30.03，20.65；-8.83，-5.29，-5.01；-5.36，-5.43，-4.95；31.37，30.21，24.55，P值均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析模型结果显示，大学生身体活动模式与不同程度负性情绪症状存在正向关联，相比规律性身体活动模式，未充分身体活动模式大学生轻、重度抑郁，重度焦虑和中、重度压力症状风险均增加(OR=1.26~1.41，P值均<0.05)。结论大学生身体活动模式与负性情绪症状密切关联，通过优化大学生身体活动模式有助于负性情绪问题的防控。
- 运动活动 /
- 情绪 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between physical activity patterns and negative emotional symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for improving college students' mental health. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed between October and November 2023 to select 14 767 college students from seven institutions across Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Shanxi Provinces (municipalities) as participants. Data were collected using the Chinese Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), a self-designed questionnaire, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to assess general demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, negative emotional symptoms, consumption of carbonated beverages and fast food, and sleep status. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to examine associations between physical activity related factors and negative emotional symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the strength of the association between physical activity patterns and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Results Statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of male and female students across physical activity levels, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) habits over the past week, adherence to recommended MVPA levels, and physical activity patterns (χ²=297.07, 259.27, 351.40, 353.32, P<0.01). The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among college students were 26.6%, 34.9%, 13.3%, respectively. Differences in the rate of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were significant across groups defined by physical activity levels, MVPA habits over the past week, adherence to recommended MVPA levels, and physical activity patterns (Z/H=82.21, 30.03, 20.65; -8.83, -5.29, -5.01; -5.36, -5.43, -4.95; 31.37, 30.21, 24.55, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis stratified showed a positive association between physical activity patterns and varying levels of negative emotional symptoms. Compared to students with regular physical activity patterns, those with insufficient physical activity patterns exhibited increased risks of mild and severe depression, severe anxiety, and moderate to severe stress symptoms (OR=1.26-1.41, P<0.05). Conclusions Physical activity patterns among college students are closely associated with negative emotional symptoms. Optimizing students' physical activity patterns may help prevent and manage negative emotional issues.
- Motor activity /
- Emotions /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同性别大学生身体活动情况分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of physical activity of college students of different genders

性别	人数	身体活动水平			近一周中高强度身体活动习惯		近一周中高强度身体活动达标情况		身体活动强度模式
性别	人数	低水平	中水平	高水平	不规律	规律	不达标	达标	未充分	集中性	规律性
男	5 853	2 335(39.9)	1 448(24.7)	2 070(35.4)	1 965(33.6)	3 888(66.4)	4 198(71.7)	1 655(28.3)	4 198(71.7)	134(2.3)	1 521(26.0)
女	8 914	4 291(48.1)	2 625(29.4)	1 998(22.4)	4 183(46.9)	4 731(53.1)	7 530(84.5)	1 384(15.5)	7 530(84.5)	94(1.1)	1 290(14.5)
总体	14 767	6 626(44.9)	4 073(27.6)	4 068(27.5)	6 148(41.6)	8 619(58.4)	11 728(79.4)	3 039(20.6)	11 728(79.4)	228(1.5)	2 811(19.0)
χ²值		297.07			259.27		351.40		353.32
P值		< 0.01			< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同组别大学生负性情绪症状检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the detection rate of negative emotional symptoms in different groups of college students

组别	人数	抑郁症状			焦虑症状			压力症状
组别	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别
男	5 853	1 644(28.1)	10.70	< 0.01	1 978(33.8)	5.30	0.02	771(13.2)	0.12	0.73
女	8 914	2 287(25.7)			3 177(35.6)			1 192(13.4)
年级
大一	8 913	1 961(22.0)	246.29	< 0.01	2 819(31.6)	111.70	< 0.01	930(10.4)	165.69	< 0.01
大二	2 966	998(33.6)			1 186(40.0)			491(16.6)
大三	1 910	633(33.1)			733(38.4)			357(18.7)
大四	978	339(34.7)			417(42.6)			185(18.9)
户籍所在地
城镇	6 273	1 668(26.6)	0.01	0.94	2 129(33.9)	4.51	0.03	904(14.4)	11.82	< 0.01
农村	8 494	2 263(26.6)			3 026(35.6)			1 059(12.5)
是否为独生子女
是	4 420	1 213(27.4)	2.19	0.14	1 534(34.7)	0.11	0.74	641(14.5)	8.00	0.01
否	10 347	2 718(26.3)			3 621(35.0)			1 322(12.8)
父亲学历
小学及以下	2 104	599(28.5)	4.43	0.22	791(37.6)	9.41	0.02	293(13.9)	14.14	< 0.01
初中	5 794	1 522(26.3)			2 025(34.9)			703(12.1)
高中/中专	4 280	1 134(26.5)			1 471(34.4)			579(13.5)
大学及以上	2 589	676(26.1)			868(33.5)			388(15.0)
母亲学历
小学及以下	3 706	1 054(28.4)	9.58	0.02	1 379(37.2)	14.30	< 0.01	507(13.7)	11.24	0.01
初中	5 371	1 372(25.5)			1 832(34.1)			667(12.4)
高中/中专	3 642	966(26.5)			1 273(35.0)			476(13.1)
大学及以上	2 048	539(26.3)			671(32.8)			313(15.3)
家庭年收入/万
<5	6 778	1 963(29.0)	36.07	< 0.01	2 536(37.4)	39.63	< 0.01	977(14.4)	22.56	< 0.01
5~<10	2 975	751(25.2)			1 020(34.3)			357(12.0)
10~30	3 950	960(24.3)			1 267(32.1)			467(11.8)
>30	1 064	257(24.2)			332(31.2)			162(15.2)
家庭结构
原生家庭	980	278(28.4)	3.97	0.14	376(38.4)	8.70	0.01	159(16.2)	8.16	0.02
重组家庭	13 630	3 603(26.4)			4 714(34.6)			1 781(13.1)
其他	157	50(31.8)			65(41.4)			23(14.6)
BMI
消瘦	2 816	693(24.6)	7.72	0.05	934(33.2)	5.53	0.14	327(11.6)	11.68	0.01
正常	9 093	2 449(26.9)			3 213(35.3)			1 217(13.4)
超重	1 415	392(27.7)			511(36.1)			210(14.8)
肥胖	1 443	397(27.5)			497(34.4)			209(14.5)
是否经常消费碳酸饮料
是	1 027	473(46.1)	213.46	< 0.01	530(51.6)	135.44	< 0.01	270(26.3)	161.76	< 0.01
否	13 740	3 458(25.2)			4 625(33.7)			1 693(12.3)
是否消费快餐
是	717	352(49.1)	194.84	< 0.01	390(54.4)	125.91	< 0.01	202(28.2)	144.76	< 0.01
否	14 050	3 579(25.5)			4 765(33.9)			1 761(12.5)
是否睡眠障碍
是	1 386	942(68.0)	1 338.54	< 0.01	1 074(77.5)	1 220.47	< 0.01	659(47.5)	1 557.05	< 0.01
否	13 381	2 989(22.3)			4 081(30.5)			1 304(9.7)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 大学生身体活动相关因素与各负性情绪程度的关联

Table 3. Correlation between physical activity related factors and negative emotional degree of college students

组别	人数	抑郁症状				焦虑症状				压力症状
组别	人数	轻度	中度	重度	Z/H值	轻度	中度	重度	Z/H值	轻度	中度	重度	Z/H值
身体活动水平分组
低水平	6 626	625(9.4)	938(14.2)	425(6.4)	82.21	382(5.8)	1 213(18.3)	839(12.7)	30.03	351(5.3)	281(4.2)	336(5.1)	20.65
中水平	4 073	378(9.3)	427(10.5)	164(4.0)		282(6.9)	738(18.1)	366(9.0)		231(5.7)	150(3.7)	122(3.0)
高水平	4 068	354(8.7)	460(11.3)	160(3.9)		253(6.2)	707(17.4)	375(9.2)		204(5.0)	138(3.4)	150(3.7)
近一周中高强度身体活动习惯
不规律	6 148	582(9.5)	858(14.0)	411(6.7)	-8.83	374(6.1)	1 108(18.0)	786(12.8)	-5.29	322(5.2)	264(4.3)	326(5.3)	-5.01
规律	8 619	775(9.0)	967(11.2)	338(3.9)		543(6.3)	1 550(18.0)	794(9.2)		464(5.4)	305(3.5)	282(3.3)
近一周中高强度身体活动达标情况
不达标	11 728	1 126(9.6)	1 480(12.6)	633(5.4)	-5.36	726(6.2)	2 145(18.3)	1 335(11.4)	-5.43	642(5.5)	483(4.1)	515(4.4)	-4.95
达标	3 039	231(7.6)	345(11.4)	116(3.8)		191(6.3)	513(16.9)	245(8.1)		144(4.7)	86(2.8)	93(3.1)
身体活动模式
未充分	11 728	1 126(9.6)	1 480(12.6)	633(5.4)	31.37	726(6.2)	2 145(18.3)	1 335(11.4)	30.21	642(5.5)	483(4.1)	515(4.4)	24.55
集中性	228	12(5.3)	34(14.9)	14(6.1)		15(6.6)	37(16.2)	24(10.5)		10(4.4)	4(1.8)	10(4.4)
规律性	2 811	219(7.8)	311(11.1)	102(3.6)		176(6.3)	476(16.9)	221(7.9)		134(4.8)	82(2.9)	83(3.0)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；P值均<0.01。

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表 4 大学生身体活动模式与负性情绪程度的Logistic回归分析(n=14 767)

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of physical activity patterns and negative emotional degree of college students(n=14 767)

因变量	身体活动模式	轻度			中度			重度
因变量	身体活动模式	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
抑郁	未充分	0.23	1.26(1.08~1.46)	< 0.01	0.11	1.12(0.98~1.28)	0.11	0.31	1.36(1.08~1.71)	0.01
	集中性	-0.37	0.69(0.38~1.26)	0.23	0.22	1.24(0.83~1.86)	0.29	0.39	1.47(0.78~2.77)	0.23
	规律性		1.00			1.00			1.00
焦虑	未充分	0.03	1.03(0.87~1.23)	0.71	0.11	1.11(0.99~1.25)	0.07	0.34	1.41(1.20~1.66)	< 0.01
	集中性	0.09	1.10(0.63~1.91)	0.74	-0.08	0.92(0.63~1.35)	0.68	0.16	1.17(0.72~1.91)	0.53
	规律性		1.00			1.00			1.00
压力	未充分	0.10	1.10(0.91~1.34)	0.34	0.26	1.30(1.02~1.66)	0.03	0.28	1.33(1.04~1.70)	0.03
	集中性	-0.15	0.86(0.44~1.68)	0.67	-0.70	0.50(0.18~1.39)	0.18	0.18	1.20(0.58~2.47)	0.63
	规律性		1.00			1.00			1.00
注：模型调整年级、母亲学历、家庭年收入、是否消费碳酸饮料、是否消费快餐、是否睡眠障碍因素。

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