深圳市中学生睡眠时型及与心理健康状况的关联

谌丁艳; 周丽; 黄园园; 吴宇; 王赟; 万宇辉; 李晓恒

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024374

深圳市中学生睡眠时型及与心理健康状况的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024374

1.
广东省深圳市疾病预防控制中心，518055
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

详细信息

作者简介:
谌丁艳(1983-)，女，湖南益阳人，博士，副主任医师，主要从事学生疾病预防控制工作

通讯作者:
李晓恒，E-mail：45653808@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 Q428
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-09
- 修回日期: 2024-10-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Sleep chronotype of middle school students in Shenzhen and its association with mental health

1.
Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen(518055), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解深圳市中学生睡眠时型及其与心理健康状况的相关性，为中学生心理健康问题早期预防提供参考依据。方法于2021年10月，采用分层整群抽样与方便抽样相结合的方法抽取深圳市初中和高中各3所学校的4 029名学生为研究对象，对其睡眠时型、心理健康状况采用清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项和青少年心理健康评定简明问卷进行调查，并采用偏相关与Spearman秩相关分析两者之间的相关性。结果中学生睡眠时型以中间型为主，占66.79%(2 811名)，中度清晨型占14.97%(630名)，中度夜晚型占14.49%(610名)，绝对夜晚型占2.40%(101名)，绝对清晨型占1.35%(57名)。绝对夜晚型、中度夜晚型、中间型、中度清晨型、绝对清晨型睡眠时型学生心理健康问题检出率分别为43.56%，28.36%，12.63%，7.14%，22.81%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=196.00，P<0.01)。偏相关分析结果显示，中学生睡眠时型得分与心理健康症状数呈负相关(r=-0.21，P<0.01)。结论深圳市中学生睡眠时型以中间型为主，夜晚型睡眠时型中学生心理健康问题的发生率比例最高。采取干预措施改善学生睡眠时型，将有助于降低心理健康问题的发生风险。
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the sleep chronotype of middle school students in Shenzhen and its correlation with mental health status, so as to provide a reference for early prevention of psychological problems among middle school students. Methods In October 2021, a stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling method was used to select 4 029 students from 3 junior high schools and 3 high schools in Shenzhen as the study subjects. Sleep chronotypes and mental health status were investigated by Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5) and Brief Instrument on Psychological Health of Youths, and the correlation between the two was examined using Spearman correlation and partial correlation. Results Among the middle school students, the majority 66.79% (2 811 students) had an intermediate sleep chronotype. The proportions of moderate morning types, moderate evening types, definite evening types, and definite morning types were 14.97% (630 students), 14.49% (610 students), 2.40% (101 students), and 1.35% (57 students), respectively. The detection rates of mental health issues among students with definite evening, moderate evening, intermediate, moderate morning, and definite morning sleep chronotypes were 43.56%, 28.36%, 12.63%, 7.14%, and 22.81%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=196.00, P<0.01). The results of partial correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between students' sleep chronotype scores and the number of mental health symptoms (r=-0.21, P<0.01). Conclusions The majority of middle school students in Shenzhen report intermediate sleep chronotype, but those with evening chronotypes have the highest proportion of mental health issues. It is suggested that intervention measures of improving students' sleep chronotypes may help reduce the risk of mental health problems.
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Questionnaires /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同组别中学生睡眠时型分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of sleep chronotype among middle school students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	绝对夜晚型	中度夜晚型	中间型	中度清晨型	绝对清晨型	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 469	55(2.23)	343(13.89)	1 637(66.30)	400(16.20)	34(1.38)	8.52	0.07
	女	1 740	46(2.64)	267(15.34)	1 174(67.47)	230(13.22)	23(1.32)
学段	初中	2 066	36(1.74)	223(10.79)	1 349(65.30)	410(19.85)	48(2.32)	139.59	< 0.01
	高中	2 143	65(3.03)	387(18.06)	1 462(68.22)	220(10.27)	9(0.42)
是否独生子女	是	833	27(3.24)	144(17.29)	535(64.23)	111(13.33)	16(1.92)	14.01	0.01
	否	3 376	74(2.19)	466(13.80)	2 276(67.42)	519(15.37)	41(1.21)
父亲文化程度	小学以下	57	2(3.51)	7(12.28)	40(70.18)	6(10.53)	2(3.51)	13.57	0.63
	小学毕业	225	5(2.22)	37(16.44)	140(62.22)	40(17.78)	3(1.33)
	初中	1 273	33(2.59)	172(13.51)	859(67.48)	193(15.16)	16(1.26)
	高中/中专	1 427	32(2.24)	215(15.07)	970(67.97)	196(13.74)	14(0.98)
	大专及以上	1 227	29(2.36)	179(14.59)	802(65.36)	195(15.89)	22(1.79)
母亲文化程度	小学以下	142	1(0.70)	27(19.01)	89(62.68)	23(16.20)	2(1.41)	12.02	0.74
	小学毕业	383	9(2.35)	47(12.27)	259(67.62)	61(15.93)	7(1.83)
	初中	1 343	30(2.23)	182(13.55)	918(68.35)	194(14.45)	19(1.41)
	高中/中专	1 350	38(2.81)	195(14.44)	903(66.89)	198(14.67)	16(1.19)
	大专及以上	991	23(2.32)	159(16.04)	642(64.78)	154(15.54)	13(1.31)
自评家庭经济情况	较差	476	20(4.20)	82(17.23)	310(65.13)	57(11.97)	7(1.47)	21.08	0.01
	中等	2 916	58(1.99)	409(14.03)	1 982(67.97)	430(14.75)	37(1.27)
	较好	817	23(2.82)	119(14.57)	519(63.53)	143(17.50)	13(1.59)
自评学习负担	轻	300	14(4.67)	47(15.67)	189(63.00)	39(13.00)	11(3.67)	65.97	< 0.01
	一般	2 426	36(1.48)	305(12.57)	1 645(67.81)	404(16.65)	36(1.48)
	重	1 483	51(3.44)	258(17.40)	977(65.88)	187(12.61)	10(0.67)
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	有	454	21(4.63)	77(16.96)	291(64.10)	60(13.22)	5(1.10)	14.48	0.01
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	无	3 755	80(2.13)	533(14.19)	2 520(67.11)	570(15.18)	52(1.38)
亲密朋友数量/个	< 3	1 180	36(3.05)	189(16.02)	779(66.02)	155(13.14)	21(1.78)	29.16	< 0.01
	3~5	1 732	34(1.96)	238(13.74)	1 207(69.69)	237(13.68)	16(0.92)
	＞5	1 297	31(2.39)	183(14.11)	825(63.61)	238(18.35)	20(1.54)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同特征各睡眠时型中学生心理健康问题检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the mental health problem among students with different sleep chronotype

组别	选项	绝对夜晚型		中度夜晚型		中间型		中度清晨型		绝对清晨型		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	人数	心理健康问题人数	人数	心理健康问题人数	人数	心理健康问题人数	人数	心理健康问题人数	人数	心理健康问题人数	χ²值	P值
学段	初中	36	18(50.00)	223	74(33.18)	1 349	155(11.49)	410	30(7.32)	48	9(18.75)	131.27	< 0.01
	高中	65	26(40.00)	387	99(25.58)	1 462	200(13.68)	220	15(6.82)	9	4(44.44)	79.15	< 0.01
是否独生子女	是	27	13(48.15)	144	38(26.39)	535	72(13.46)	111	9(8.11)	16	3(18.75)	39.69	< 0.01
	否	74	31(41.89)	466	135(28.97)	2 276	283(12.43)	519	36(6.94)	41	10(24.39)	156.98	< 0.01
自评家庭经济情况	较差	20	8(40.00)	82	30(36.59)	310	55(17.74)	57	5(8.77)	7	3(42.86)	25.29	< 0.01
	中等	58	25(43.10)	409	102(24.94)	1 982	236(11.91)	430	26(6.05)	37	7(18.92)	114.46	< 0.01
	较好	23	11(47.83)	119	41(34.45)	519	64(12.33)	143	14(9.79)	13	3(23.08)	56.43	< 0.01
自评学习负担	轻	14	6(42.86)	47	12(25.53)	189	21(11.11)	39	3(7.69)	11	3(27.27)	17.79	< 0.01
	一般	36	11(30.56)	305	64(20.98)	1 645	149(9.06)	404	25(6.19)	36	6(16.67)	64.11	< 0.01
	重	51	27(52.94)	258	97(37.60)	977	185(18.94)	187	17(9.09)	10	4(40.00)	89.63	< 0.01
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	有	21	13(61.90)	77	29(37.66)	291	58(19.93)	60	7(11.67)	5	2(40.00)	32.76	< 0.01
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	无	80	31(38.75)	533	144(27.02)	2 520	297(11.79)	570	38(6.67)	52	11(21.15)	154.76	< 0.01
亲密朋友数量/个	< 3	36	19(52.78)	189	65(34.39)	779	139(17.84)	155	16(10.32)	21	6(28.57)	58.85	< 0.01
	3~5	34	16(47.06)	238	60(25.21)	1 207	150(12.43)	237	15(6.33)	16	4(25.00)	70.73	< 0.01
	＞5	31	9(29.03)	183	48(26.23)	825	66(8.00)	238	14(5.88)	20	3(15.00)	69.01	< 0.01
合计		101	44(43.56)	610	173(28.36)	2 811	355(12.63)	630	45(7.14)	57	13(22.81)	196.00	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 不同特征中学生睡眠时型得分与心理健康症状数相关性分析

Table 3. Correlations between score of chronotype and number of mental health symptoms for middle school students with different characteristics

组别	选项	人数	r值	P值
学段	初中	2 066	-0.25	< 0.01
	高中	2 143	-0.20	< 0.01
是否独生子女	是	833	-0.17	< 0.01
	否	3 376	-0.25	< 0.01
自评家庭经济情况	较差	476	-0.20	< 0.01
	中等	2 916	-0.22	< 0.01
	较好	817	-0.28	< 0.01
自评学习负担	轻	300	-0.21	< 0.01
	一般	2 426	-0.20	< 0.01
	重	1 483	-0.26	< 0.01
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	有	454	-0.30	< 0.01
近3个月有无因病缺课影响学习	无	3 755	-0.22	< 0.01
亲密朋友数量/个	< 3	1 180	-0.23	< 0.01
	3~5	1 732	-0.22	< 0.01
	＞5	1 297	-0.24	< 0.01

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