Association between 24 h activity behaviors and physical health among primary school students in Tianjin
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摘要:
目的 探讨小学生24 h活动行为与体质健康的关联，为促进儿童青少年体质健康提供依据。 方法 2023年5—6月，采用分层随机抽样方法，从天津市抽取583名7~12岁的小学生进行体质健康测试。采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量小学生24 h活动行为，共7 d，按照不同性别和学段进行体质健康水平和24 h活动行为分析，通过LASSO回归分析小学生24 h活动行为对体质健康的影响程度。 结果 男生坐位体前屈达标率(93.12%)高于女生(91.86%)，差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.53，P < 0.05)。睡眠时间、低强度体力活动(LPA)时间和中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间与小学生体质健康均呈正相关(β值分别为0.06，0.11，0.14)，久坐行为(SB)时间与小学生体质健康呈负相关(β=-0.08)，MVPA时间对小学生体质健康具有积极影响，其次是LPA时间；睡眠时间也会产生积极影响，SB时间则产生消极影响(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 小学生身体活动水平偏低、SB时间偏高，MVPA与LPA对体质健康有积极影响。针对不同学段、性别的小学生，应制定个性化、差异化的身体活动促进政策和干预措施。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the association of 24 h activity behaviors and physical health of primary school students, so as to provide a reference for promoting the physical health of children and adolescents. Methods From May to June, 2023, by stratified random sampling method, 583 primary school students aged 7-12 were selected from Tianjin for physical health examination. ActiGraph GT3X+ was used to measure their 24 h activity behaviors for 7 d, and their mental health and 24 h activity behaviors were analyzed by gender and grade. LASSO regression was applied for assessing the impact of 24 h activity on their health. Results The compliance rate of seated forward bending (93.12%) were higher in boys than girls (91.86%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.53, P < 0.05). Sleep time (β=0.06), light-intensity physical activity (LPA) time (β=0.11), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (β=0.14) were positively correlated with physical fitness, whereas sedentary behavior (SB) time (β=-0.08) were negatively correlated with physical fitness, and MVPA time had a positive effect on physical health of children and adolescents, followed by LPA time; while sleep time also had a positive effect, and SB time had a negative effect (P < 0.05). Conclusions Primary school students are generally faced with low physical activity level and high SB time, and MVPA and LPA have a significant impact on physical health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop personalized and differentiated physical activity promotion policies and interventions for primary school students with different classmates and gender. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Body constitution /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
图 1 小学生24 h活动行为与体质健康水平的LASSO回归系数
Figure 1. LASSO regression coefficient for the relationship between 24 h activity behaviors and physical health levels in primary school students
表 1 不同性别小学生体质健康测试结果比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of physical fitness test results of primary school students of different genders(x ±s)
性别 人数 BMI/(kg·m-2) 肺活量/mL 50 m跑/s 坐位体前屈/cm 1 min跳绳/次 1 min仰卧起坐/次 50 m×8往返跑/s 男 276 17.5±3.4 1 865.8±307.4 10.3±2.9 10.5±5.4 113.0±25.4 36.0±8.0 128.0±24.0 女 307 18.1±3.8 1 911.9±325.5 9.8±3.2 12.4±6.5 119.2±25.6 37.8±8.1 122.6±16.8 t值 -2.74 -2.18 2.24 -3.85 -2.92 -2.75 3.09 P值 < 0.01 0.03 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 不同性别小学生体质健康测试达标率比较
Table 2. Comparison of physical fitness test achievement rates of primary school students of different genders
性别 人数 BMI 肺活量 50 m跑 坐位体前屈 1 min跳绳 1 min仰卧起坐 50 m×8往返跑 男 276 238(86.23) 247(89.49) 200(72.46) 257(93.12) 237(85.87) 257(93.12) 191(69.20) 女 307 285(92.83) 280(91.21) 270(87.95) 282(91.86) 294(95.77) 293(95.44) 276(89.90) χ2值 5.88 4.27 7.01 4.53 8.49 4.33 8.06 P值 0.02 0.04 < 0.01 0.04 < 0.01 0.04 < 0.01 注：()内数字为达标率/%。
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表 3 不同性别年级小学生24 h活动行为测试结果比较(min/d，x ±s)
Table 3. Comparison of 24 h activity behaviors among primary school students by gender and grade(min/d, x ±s)
组别 选项 人数 统计值 睡眠时间 SB LPA MVPA 性别 男 276 439.7±88.2 573.1±99.7 336.3±67.9 90.9±33.8 女 307 437.5±69.7 580.4±97.1 328.9±55.6 93.2±30.6 t值 0.33 0.90 1.44 0.86 P值 0.85 0.63 0.15 0.78 年级 一二 187 451.5±111.5 532.7±97.9 342.5±36.2 110.6±14.7 三四 195 434.6±105.2 552.3±100.4 341.5±34.1 111.6±13.9 五六 201 429.1±99.5 580.4±104.3 332.8±36.2 97.7±14.3 F值 3.47 4.12 3.59 3.34 P值 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.06
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表 4 不同年级小学生24 h活动行为与体质健康水平的相关系数(r值)
Table 4. Correlation coefficients between 24 h activity behaviors and level of physical fitness of primary school students in different grades(r)
年级 活动行为 身高 体重 BMI 肺活量评分 50 m跑得分 坐位体前屈评分 1 min跳绳评分 1 min仰卧起坐 50 m×8往返跑 一二 SB 0.27 0.01 -0.21 0.03 -0.20 -0.34 -0.05 (n=187) 睡眠 -0.24 0.00 0.23 -0.25 0.29 0.51 0.01 LPA 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.01 0.02 0.03 -0.02 MVPA 0.23 0.32 0.28 0.49 0.33 0.07 0.28 三四 SB -0.22 -0.29 -0.19 -0.01 0.23 0.27 0.04 0.25 (n=195) 睡眠 0.25 0.21 0.24 -0.33 -0.21 -0.22 0.20 -0.23 LPA 0.38 0.37 0.40 0.72 0.18 0.39 -0.01 0.01 MVPA 0.41 0.39 0.19 0.94 0.03 0.42 -0.40 0.46 五六 SB -0.39 -0.20 -0.02 -0.21 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.23 (n=201) 睡眠 -0.21 -0.19 -0.22 -0.23 0.25 -0.06 -0.19 0.47 0.25 LPA 0.68 0.40 0.20 -0.07 -0.23 0.21 -0.04 -0.02 -0.21 MVPA 0.43 0.19 0.05 0.45 0.21 0.03 0.21 0.43 0.41 注：P值均 < 0.05。
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