江西省大学生体力活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关联

周剑锋; 马声; 熊建萍; 宋永晶; 邹志勇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024364

江西省大学生体力活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024364

1.
上饶师范学院体育学院，江西 334001
2.
北京市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所
3.
江西财经大学体育学院
4.
长江大学教育与体育学院
5.
北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所

基金项目:

湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目 2022254

湖北高校省级教学改革研究项目 2022262

详细信息

作者简介:
周剑锋(1976-)，男，江西玉山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生体质健康

通讯作者:
宋永晶，E-mail：SYJCJDX@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 B844.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-08
- 修回日期: 2024-11-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Association between physical activity and anxiety/depression symptoms among college students in Jiangxi Province

1.
School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao (334001), Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查江西省高校大学生的体力活动频率与焦虑抑郁症状之间的关联，为促进青少年身心健康发展提供参考依据。方法 2023年7—10月，采用方便抽样方法从江西省11所高校抽取5 761名大学生进行在线问卷调查，收集大学生体力活动信息，同时采用广泛性焦虑量表和患者健康量表评估焦虑和抑郁症状。使用列联表分析大学生不同焦虑和抑郁症状程度在体力活动频率间的分布，采用有序Logistic回归分析不同体力活动频率与焦虑、抑郁症状的关联，同时基于性别进行分层分析。结果大学生焦虑症状检出率为43.6%(2 513名)，抑郁症状检出率为63.9%(3 682名)。不同性别、体力活动频率组间大学生焦虑抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为15.98，106.32；30.65，150.88，P值均<0.05)。从不运动的男、女生重度焦虑和抑郁症状检出率均较高(重度焦虑症状：男生6.1%，女生5.2%；重度抑郁症状：男生8.7%，女生7.4%)。有序Logistic回归分析结果显示，与从不运动的大学生相比，几乎每天体力活动的男大学生与轻度焦虑症状和中度抑郁症状均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.53，0.33，P值均<0.05)。此外，每周3~4次体力活动的男大学生与中度抑郁症状呈负相关(OR=0.43)，每周1~2次体力活动的男大学生与重度抑郁症状呈负相关(OR=0.21)(P值均<0.05)。女大学生体力活动与不同程度焦虑和抑郁症状的发生风险均呈负相关(焦虑症状：OR=0.27~0.74；抑郁症状：OR=0.18~0.75，P值均<0.05)。结论大学生(尤其是女大学生)体力活动频率与其焦虑和抑郁症状呈负相关。建议提高体力活动频率，促进大学生身心健康。
- 运动活动 /
- 焦虑 /
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between physical activity frequency and anxiety/depression symptoms among college students in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for the physical and mental health development of adolescents. Methods From July to October 2023, 5 761 college students from 11 colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province were selected by convenience sampling to conduct an online questionnaire survey regarding physical activity and mental health. Anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed by General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaires-9, respectively. Contingency table was used to analyze the distribution of different anxiety and depression symptoms by physical activity frequency, and ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between physical activity frequency with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and stratified analysis was performed based on gender. Results The detection rate of anxiety symptoms of college students was 43.6% (n=2 513), and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 63.9% (n=3 682). There were significant differences in the detection rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among different gender and physical activity frequency groups (χ²=15.98, 106.32; 30.65, 150.88, P<0.05). The detection rates of severe anxiety and depression symptoms of male and female who never exercise were higher (severe anxiety: 6.1% for male and 5.2% for female, severe depression: 8.7% for male and 7.4% for female).The results of ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with college students who never exercised, male college students who were physically active almost every day were negatively correlated with mild anxiety and moderate depression symptoms (OR=0.53, 0.33, P<0.05). In addition, male college students who do physical activity 3-4 times a week were negatively correlated with moderate depressive symptoms (OR=0.43), while male college students who do physical activity 1-2 times a week were negatively correlated with severe depressive symptoms (OR=0.21) (P<0.05). Physical activity was negatively correlated with different degress of anxiety and depression symptoms in female college students (anxiety: OR=0.27-0.74, depression: OR=0.18-0.75, P<0.05). Conclusions The frequency of physical activity in college students (especially female college students) is negatively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. It is suggested to improve the frequency of physical activity to promote physical and mental health.
- Motor activity /
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口学特征大学生焦虑抑症状检出率比较

Table 1. a Comparison of the detection rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标	选项	人数	焦虑症状		抑郁症状
人口学指标	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值
性别	男	1 928	770(39.9)	15.98^**	1 137(59.0)	30.65^**
	女	3 833	1 743(45.5)		2 545(66.4)
户籍所在地	城市	1 959	824(42.1)	2.93	1 220(62.3)	3.44
	乡村	3 802	1 689(44.4)		2 462(64.8)
月生活费/元	<800	480	233(48.5)	6.08^*	300(62.5)	1.96
	800~2 000	4 868	2 111(43.4)		3 129(64.3)
	>2 000	413	169(40.9)		253(61.3)
体力活动频率	几乎每天	1 024	357(34.9)	106.32^**	526(51.4)	150.88^**
	每周3~4次	1 274	512(40.2)		783(61.5)
	每周1~2次	1 958	849(43.4)		1 251(63.9)
	每2周1~2次	793	380(47.9)		573(72.3)
	从不运动	712	415(58.3)		549(77.1)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同性别大学生各体力活动频率组不同程度焦虑和抑郁症状检出率

Table 2. Detection rates of anxiety and depression symptoms in college students with different frequency groups of physical activity by gender

性别	体力活动频率	人数	焦虑症状				抑郁症状
性别	体力活动频率	人数	轻度	中度	中重度	重度	轻度	中度	中重度	重度
男	几乎每天	579	129(22.3)	12(2.1)	33(5.7)	8(1.4)	188(32.5)	38(6.5)	41(7.1)	18(3.1)
	每周3~4次	535	169(31.6)	22(4.1)	26(4.9)	5(0.9)	230(43.0)	39(7.3)	52(9.7)	6(1.1)
	每周1~2次	505	155(30.7)	29(5.7)	19(3.8)	2(0.4)	187(37.0)	63(12.5)	45(8.9)	6(1.2)
	每2周1~2次	194	72(37.1)	7(3.6)	14(7.2)	1(0.5)	80(41.2)	27(13.9)	26(13.4)	4(2.1)
	从不运动	115	43(37.4)	7(6.1)	10(8.7)	7(6.1)	43(37.4)	20(17.4)	14(12.2)	10(8.7)
女	几乎每天	445	140(31.5)	12(2.7)	17(3.8)	6(1.3)	183(41.1)	20(4.5)	29(6.5)	9(2.0)
	每周3~4次	739	225(30.4)	30(4.0)	27(3.7)	8(1.1)	323(43.7)	66(8.9)	52(7.1)	15(2.0)
	每周1~2次	1 453	531(36.5)	56(3.9)	45(3.1)	12(0.8)	677(46.6)	161(11.1)	95(6.5)	17(1.2)
	每2周1~2次	599	218(36.4)	40(6.7)	20(3.3)	8(1.3)	294(49.1)	83(13.9)	45(7.5)	14(2.3)
	从不运动	597	224(37.5)	43(7.2)	50(8.4)	31(5.2)	250(41.9)	106(17.7)	62(10.4)	44(7.4)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 不同性别大学生体力活动与焦虑抑郁症状之间的关联[OR值(95%CI)]

Table 3. Association between physical activity and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college studetns stratified by gender[OR(95%CI)]

性别	体力活动频率	焦虑症状				抑郁症状
性别	体力活动频率	轻度	中度	中重度	重度	轻度	中度	中重度	重度
男(n=1 928)	几乎每天	0.53(0.32~0.88)^**	0.42(0.14~1.25)	0.68(0.27~1.67)	0.47(0.10~2.27)	0.62(0.35~1.09)	0.33(0.15~0.72)^*	0.65(0.28~1.51)	0.59(0.18~2.00)
男(n=1 928)	每周3~4次	0.84(0.51~1.38)	1.00(0.36~2.76)	0.75(0.30~1.87)	0.58(0.12~2.81)	0.94(0.53~1.66)	0.43(0.20~0.94)^*	1.00(0.44~2.27)	0.28(0.07~1.08)
	每周1~2次	0.72(0.44~1.17)	1.13(0.42~3.03)	0.44(0.18~1.12)	0.18(0.03~1.18)	0.69(0.39~1.21)	0.61(0.29~1.27)	0.68(0.30~1.53)	0.21(0.05~0.79)^*
	每2周1~2次	0.88(0.51~1.53)	0.54(0.16~1.82)	0.88(0.32~2.38)	0.18(0.02~2.03)	0.97(0.51~1.83)	0.80(0.35~1.84)	1.21(0.49~2.95)	0.36(0.08~1.68)
女 (n=3 833)	几乎每天	0.74(0.55~0.99)^*	0.38(0.18~0.77)^**	0.49(0.26~0.93)^*	0.56(0.22~1.44)	0.66(0.49~0.90)^**	0.18(0.11~0.32)^**	0.55(0.32~0.94)^*	0.26(0.11~0.62)^**
女 (n=3 833)	每周3~4次	0.65(0.51~0.84)^**	0.48(0.28~0.82)^**	0.36(0.21~0.62)^**	0.27(0.12~0.66)^**	0.75(0.57~0.99)^*	0.37(0.25~0.56)^**	0.58(0.36~0.92)^*	0.27(0.13~0.55)^**
	每周1~2次	0.87(0.70~1.09)	0.60(0.38~0.95)^*	0.39(0.24~0.62)^**	0.33(0.16~0.68)^**	0.89(0.69~1.14)	0.56(0.40~0.79)^**	0.63(0.42~0.95)^*	0.21(0.11~0.41)^**
	每2周1~2次	0.85(0.66~1.10)	0.93(0.57~1.52)	0.38(0.21~0.68)^**	0.38(0.16~0.93)^*	1.10(0.82~1.48)	0.81(0.55~1.20)	0.79(0.49~1.27)	0.43(0.21~0.89)^*
注： ^P<0.05，^*P<0.01。

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