学龄前儿童父母养育行为与其睡眠问题的关联

丁鹏; 耿梦龙; 伍晓艳; 陶舒曼; 陶芳标

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024361

学龄前儿童父母养育行为与其睡眠问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024361

丁鹏¹,
耿梦龙¹,
伍晓艳^{1, 2, 3},
陶舒曼^{1, 2},
陶芳标^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
安徽医科大学出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/环境与人口健康安徽省重点实验室，合肥 230032
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
3.
国家卫生健康委配子及生殖道异常研究重点实验室

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81573168

详细信息

作者简介:
丁鹏(1992-)，男，安徽合肥人，硕士，助理实验师，主要研究方向为儿童发育与健康

通讯作者:
陶芳标，E-mail：fbtao@ahmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G78 Q428
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-01
- 修回日期: 2024-10-03
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Association between parenting behaviors and sleep problems in preschool children

DING Peng¹,
GENG Menglong¹,
WU Xiaoyan^{1, 2, 3},
TAO Shuman^{1, 2},
TAO Fangbiao^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析学龄前儿童父母教养方式与其睡眠问题的关联，为促进儿童生长发育、改善父母养育行为提供决策支持。方法利用2017年10月在湖北、安徽、江苏3省11座城市抽取的27 200名学龄前儿童家长问卷调查资料，其中父母养育行为采用父母行为问卷评定，儿童睡眠问题采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷评定。采用描述性统计和Logistic回归模型分析数据。结果学龄前儿童睡眠问题报告率为15.3%。调整混杂因素后，母亲敌意/强制的养育行为得分(中等水平：OR=1.38；高水平：OR=1.86)、父亲敌意/强制的养育行为得分(中等水平：OR=1.17；高水平：OR=1.59)与儿童睡眠问题均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。3，4，5，6岁学龄前儿童父母敌意/强制的养育行为得分与睡眠问题均存在正向关联(母亲高水平：OR值分别为1.75，2.97，1.86，2.75；父亲高水平：OR值分别为1.79，1.91，1.69，1.79)；4和5岁儿童父亲支持/参与的养育行为得分与儿童睡眠问题呈负相关(4岁儿童父亲中等水平：OR=0.84；5岁儿童父亲中等和高水平：OR值分别为0.84，0.82)(P值均 < 0.05)。母亲支持/参与和父亲敌意/强制得分均高水平时与儿童睡眠问题的发生呈正相关(OR=1.93)，母亲敌意/强制和父亲支持/参与得分均高水平时与儿童睡眠问题的发生呈正相关(OR=1.93)，父母敌意/强制的养育行为得分均为高水平时与儿童睡眠问题的发生呈正相关(OR=2.60)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论儿童睡眠问题与父母养育行为相关，特别是敌意/强制的养育行为会增加儿童睡眠问题发生风险。
- 教育 /
- 行为 /
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 法定监护人 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between parenting behaviors and sleep problems of preschool children, so as to provide a strategic decision support for child growth and parenting behavior improvement. Methods Using the questionnaire data of 27 200 preschool children parents selected from 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in October 2017, parents' parenting behavior was assessed by Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI), and children's sleep problems were assessed by Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Logistic regression models. Results The reporting rate of sleep problems among preschool children was 15.3%. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal hostile/coercive parenting behavior scores (medium level: OR=1.38; high level: OR=1.86) and paternal hostile/coercive parenting behavior scores (medium level: OR=1.17; high level: OR=1.59) were positively correlated with sleep problems (P < 0.05). Hostile/coercive parenting behaviors by their parents (maternal high level: the OR values were 1.75, 2.97, 1.86, and 2.75 respectively; paternal high level: OR values were 1.79, 1.91, 1.69, and 1.79 respectively) were positively associated with sleep problems in preschool children aged 3, 4, 5, and 6. Scores of parental support/engaged (fathers of 4-year-old children medium level: OR=0.84; fathers of 5-year-old children medium and high level: OR=0.84, 0.82) were negatively correlated with children aged 4 and 5 (P < 0.05). High level maternal supportive/engaged and paternal hostile/coercive scores were positively associated with child sleep problems (OR=1.93); high level maternal hostile/coercive and paternal supportive/engaged scores were positively associated with child sleep problems (OR=1.93); high scores of parental hostile/coercive were positively correlated with child sleep problems (OR=2.60) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Sleep problems among children are related to parenting behaviors, especially hostile/coercive parenting behaviors that increases the risk of sleep problems among children.
- Education /
- Behavior /
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Legal guardians /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别学龄前儿童睡眠问题报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reported rates of sleep problems among preschool children in different groups

组别	人数	睡眠问题人数	χ²值	P值	组别	人数	睡眠问题人数	χ²值	P值
性别					本科及以上	10 769	1 773(16.5)
男	13 975	2 115(15.1)	0.45	0.51	父亲文化程度
女	13 225	2 040(15.4)			初中及以下	2 775	428(15.4)	16.44	< 0.01
年龄/岁					高中/中专	7 445	1 066(14.3)
3	5 949	1 049(17.6)	58.90	< 0.01	大专	5 364	775(14.4)
4	8 724	1 382(15.8)			本科及以上	11 616	1 886(16.2)
5	9 128	1 310(14.4)			是否接触夜间噪音
6	3 399	414(12.2)			是	9 759	1 659(17.0)	34.95	< 0.01
家庭居住地					否	17 441	2 496(14.3)
农村	2 566	369(14.4)	1.76	0.20	BMI
城市	24 634	3 786(15.4)			正常	22 799	3 495(15.3)	0.59	0.75
自评家庭经济条件					超重	3 049	463(15.2)
较好	4 033	564(14.0)	9.91	0.01	肥胖	1 352	197(14.6)
一般	21 825	3 358(15.4)			独生子女
差	1 342	233(17.4)			是	17 916	2 866(16.0)	21.09	< 0.01
母亲年龄/岁					否	9 284	1 289(13.9)
< 30	9 899	1 641(16.6)	41.82	< y0.01	视屏时间/(h·d^-1)
30~35	12 002	1 845(15.4)			< 2	18 059	2 495(13.8)	88.49	< 0.01
>35	5 299	669(12.6)			≥2	9 141	1 660(18.2)
父亲年龄/岁					户外时间/(h·d^-1)
< 30	5 855	1 031(17.6)	37.91	< 0.01	< 2	17 873	2 707(15.1)	0.68	0.41
30~35	12 145	1 844(15.2)			≥2	9 327	1 448(15.5)
>35	9 200	1 280(13.9)			纯母乳喂养/月
母亲文化程度					0	10 836	1 690(15.6)	1.44	0.49
初中及以下	3 405	450(13.2)	28.41	< 0.01	1~6	14 781	2 228(15.1)
高中/中专	7 672	1 100(14.3)			>6	1 583	237(15.0)
大专	5 354	832(15.5)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 不同年龄学龄前儿童父母养育行为与睡眠问题关联的Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis on parental parenting behavior and sleep problems in preschool children of different ages

自变量	3岁(n=5 949)^a		4岁(n=8 724)^a		5岁(n=9 128)^a		6岁(n=3 399)^a		总体(n=27 200)^b
自变量	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
母亲支持/参与
低水平	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00			1.00
中等水平	0.85(0.71~1.02)	0.08	0.96(0.82~1.12)	0.57	0.94(0.81~1.09)	0.43	0.85(0.65~1.12)	0.25	1.01(0.93~1.11)	0.78
高水平	0.86(0.69~1.08)	0.19	0.93(0.77~1.13)	0.45	0.94(0.78~1.14)	0.54	1.11(0.80~1.55)	0.53	1.06(0.95~1.19)	0.28
母亲敌意/强制
低水平	1.00		1.00		1.00			1.00		1.00
中等水平	1.17(0.96~1.44)	0.13	1.88(1.52~2.32)	< 0.01	1.35(1.11~1.63)	< 0.01	1.61(1.12~2.33)	0.01	1.38(1.23~1.54)	< 0.01
高水平	1.75(1.39~2.20)	< 0.01	2.97(2.36~3.73)	< 0.01	1.86(1.50~2.30)	< 0.01	2.75(1.85~4.08)	< 0.01	1.86(1.64~2.10)	< 0.01
父亲支持/参与
低水平	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
中等水平	0.90(0.75~1.09)	0.27	0.84(0.72~0.98)	0.03	0.84(0.72~0.97)	0.02	1.13(0.86~1.49)	0.37	0.93(0.85~1.02)	0.10
高水平	0.90(0.72~1.12)	0.35	0.87(0.72~1.05)	0.15	0.82(0.68~0.99)	0.04	0.96(0.68~1.36)	0.84	0.97(0.87~1.08)	0.56
父亲敌意/强制
低水平	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
中等水平	1.16(0.95~1.42)	0.14	1.32(1.08~1.60)	0.01	1.10(0.91~1.33)	0.31	1.31(0.93~1.85)	0.12	1.17(1.05~1.30)	< 0.01
高水平	1.79(1.43~2.25)	< 0.01	1.91(1.55~2.36)	< 0.01	1.69(1.38~2.07)	< 0.01	1.79(1.23~2.60)	< 0.01	1.59(1.42~1.79)	< 0.01
注： ^a调整儿童性别、居住地、自评家庭经济条件、父母年龄、父母受教育水平、夜间噪音、BMI、独生子女、视屏时间、户外活动和纯母乳喂养；^b调整儿童性别、年龄、居住地、自评家庭经济条件、父母年龄、父母受教育水平、夜间噪音、BMI、独生子女、视屏时间、户外活动和纯母乳喂养；因变量睡眠问题以否为参照。

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表 3 学龄前儿童父母养育行为与其年龄交互项对睡眠影响的Logistic回归分析(n=27 200)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the interaction between parenting behaviors and age of preschool children on sleep outcomes(n=27 200)

交互项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
母亲支持/参与×年龄	0.01	0.00	3.20	1.01(1.00~1.02)	0.07
儿童年龄	-0.16	0.03	30.29	0.85(0.81~0.90)	< 0.01
母亲支持/参与	-0.20	0.08	6.43	0.82(0.70~0.96)	0.01
母亲敌意/强制×年龄	0.00	0.00	0.53	1.00(1.00~1.01)	0.47
儿童年龄	-0.15	0.03	22.03	0.86(0.81~0.92)	< 0.01
母亲敌意/强制	0.48	0.09	32.32	1.62(1.37~1.92)	< 0.01
父亲支持/参与×年龄	0.00	0.00	1.07	1.00(1.00~1.01)	0.30
儿童年龄	-0.14	0.03	23.88	0.87(0.82~0.92)	< 0.01
父亲支持/参与	-0.15	0.08	3.43	0.86(0.74~1.01)	0.06
父亲敌意/强制×年龄	0.01	0.00	4.56	1.01(1.00~1.02)	0.03
儿童年龄	-0.18	0.03	33.62	0.83(0.78~0.89)	< 0.01
父亲敌意/强制	0.32	0.08	15.03	1.38(1.17~1.62)	< 0.01
注：调整儿童性别、年龄、居住地、自评家庭经济条件、父母年龄、父母受教育水平、夜间噪音、BMI、独生子女、视屏时间、户外活动和纯母乳喂养。

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