宁夏中小学生超重肥胖和高血压共患状况及相关因素

魏嵘; 李媛; 马宁; 王晓莉; 靳雅男; 马芳; 杨艺; 陈耀庚

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024359

宁夏中小学生超重肥胖和高血压共患状况及相关因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024359

魏嵘^{1, 2},
李媛¹,
马宁²,
王晓莉¹,
靳雅男¹,
马芳¹,
杨艺¹,
陈耀庚^3, ,

1.
宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心慢性病监测科，银川 750001
2.
宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院
3.
宁夏医科大学医学信息与工程学院

基金项目:

宁夏卫生健康系统科研课题 2021-NW-052

详细信息

作者简介:
魏嵘(1989-)，女，宁夏人，在读硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为慢性病预防与控制

通讯作者:
陈耀庚，E-mail: ygch@nxmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R723.14 R544.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-18
- 修回日期: 2024-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Prevalence and factors related to overweight, obesity and hypertension comorbidities among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia

WEI Rong^{1, 2},
LI Yuan¹,
MA Ning²,
WANG Xiaoli¹,
JIN Yanan¹,
MA Fang¹,
YANG Yi¹,
CHEN Yaogeng^{3
, ,}

1.
Chronic Disease Monitoring Division, Ningxia Center for Disease Controland Prevention, Yinchuan (750001), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨宁夏中小学生超重肥胖和高血压共患水平及其相关因素，为有效开展儿童青少年早期的健康干预提供一定科学依据。方法 2021年9月至2022年6月，采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法从宁夏银川市金凤区、中卫市沙坡头区、吴忠市盐池县、石嘴山市平罗县抽取4 577名9~16岁中小学生进行问卷调查和身体测量。利用加权复杂抽样设计的χ²检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探讨儿童青少年超重、肥胖和高血压共患的相关因素。结果宁夏中小学生超重肥胖率为22.87%，高血压患病率为1.30%，超重肥胖和高血压共患率为1.07%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄13~16岁的学生(OR=15.66, 95%CI=3.84~63.96)相比9~12岁学生、睡眠时间不足(OR=5.47, 95%CI=1.73~17.33)相比充足的学生患超重肥胖与高血压共患水平高，每周早餐频率1~7次(OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.02~0.37)相比每周早餐频率 < 1次的学生患超重肥胖与高血压共患水平低(P值均 < 0.05)。结论年龄、睡眠时间、早餐频率均是宁夏中小学生超重肥胖和高血压共患的相关因素，应密切关注9~12岁、睡眠时间不足及早晨空腹的学生，进行科学宣教和防控干预。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 高血压 /
- 共病现象 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of overweight, obesity and hypertension comorbidities among children and adolescents in Ningxia, so as to provide a scientific basis for effective early health intervention in children and adolescents. Methods From September 2021 to June 2022, a total of 4 577 students aged 9-16 were selected from Jinfeng District of Yinchuan City, Shapotou District of Zhongwei City, Yanchi County of Wuzhong City and Pingluo County of Shizuishan City in Ningxia by multi-stage cluster random sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical measurement. The influencing factors of overweight, obesity and hypertension comorbidities in children and adolescents were investigated by Chi-square test and multivariate unconditioned Logistic regression analysis with weighted complex sampling design. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia was 22.87%, the prevalence of hypertension was 1.30%, and the comorbity rate of overweight, obesity and hypertension was 1.07%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students aged 13-16 (OR=15.66, 95%CI=3.84-63.96, P < 0.05) were more likely to suffer from overweight, obesity and hypertension than students aged 9-12. The students of insufficient sleep duration (OR=5.47, 95%CI=1.73-17.33, P < 0.05) had higher levels of overweight, obesity and hypertension comorbidities than those of adequate sleep duration. Students who had breakfast 1 to 7 times a week (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.02-0.37) had lower incidence than those who had breakfast once a week (P < 0.05). Conclusions Age, sleep time and breakfast frequency are all related factors of overweight, obesity and hypertension co-morbidity among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia. Close attention should be paid to students aged 9-12 years with insufficient sleep time and fasting in the morning, and carry out scientific education and prevention and control interventions should be carried out.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Hypertension /
- Comorbidity /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 宁夏不同组别中小学生超重肥胖与高血压及共患率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of overweight and obesity, hypertension and their comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in different groups in Ningxia

组别	选项	人数	超重肥胖			高血压			共患
组别	选项	人数	患病人数	χ²值	P值	患病人数	χ²值	P值	患病人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 347	682(25.87)	8.99	< 0.01	19(0.78)	2.66	0.10	14(0.61)	2.20	0.14
	女	2 230	440(19.60)			20(1.86)			13(1.56)
年龄/岁	9~12	2 652	715(25.80)	8.14	< 0.01	6(0.18)	35.02	< 0.01	4(0.09)	39.36	< 0.01
	13~16	1 925	407(19.84)			33(2.45)			23(2.07)
城乡	城镇	2 295	569(22.48)	0.14	0.71	23(1.94)	4.35	0.04	14(1.58)	2.85	0.09
	乡村	2 282	553(23.24)			16(0.68)			13(0.57)
日常中高强度体力活动	是	3 859	955(23.01)	0.15	0.70	33(1.34)	0.17	0.68	23(1.13)	0.45	0.50
	否	718	167(22.03)			6(1.06)			4(0.70)
每周体育锻炼频率/d	< 3	2 088	506(22.50)	0.10	0.75	11(0.56)	5.67	0.02	8(0.41)	5.24	0.02
	≥3	2 489	616(23.15)			28(1.86)			19(1.57)
每天睡眠时间	充足	2 026	478(23.45)	0.28	0.60	22(0.83)	1.98	0.16	11(0.37)	8.08	< 0.01
	不足	2 551	644(22.38)			17(1.69)			16(1.65)
每周奶及奶制品摄入/次^*	< 1	778	180(18.73)	7.35	0.03	15(2.73)	3.66	0.16	9(2.03)	2.15	0.34
	1~ < 7	882	208(19.62)			9(0.75)			6(0.50)
	≥7	2 793	699(25.09)			15(1.10)			12(1.01)
每周蛋类摄入/次^*	< 1	486	103(18.00)	4.17	0.12	7(0.74)	0.43	0.81	6(0.56)	0.41	0.82
	1~ < 7	1 327	320(21.90)			13(1.45)			9(1.22)
	≥7	2 618	662(24.41)			18(1.35)			12(1.15)
每周早餐频率/次	< 1	140	43(30.98)	1.97	0.16	7(11.52)	19.51	< 0.01	6(10.82)	18.97	< 0.01
	1~7	4 437	1 079(22.63)			32(1.00)			21(0.78)
每天静态学习时间/h	< 2	1 208	304(25.05)	2.98	0.40	4(1.73)	1.84	0.61	4(1.73)	2.28	0.52
	2~ < 3	1 529	370(22.00)			10(0.60)			7(0.45)
	3~ < 4	885	210(24.09)			10(1.77)			6(1.43)
	≥4	955	238(20.41)			15(1.46)			10(0.94)
每天静态屏幕时间/h	≤2	2 183	528(22.63)	0.05	0.83	9(0.38)	12.95	< 0.01	7(0.32)	9.03	< 0.01
	>2	2 394	594(23.08)			30(2.11)			20(1.73)
每天静态非学习(文化类)	≤2	2 751	655(21.71)	1.94	0.16	22(1.39)	0.08	0.77	18(1.27)	0.41	0.52
时间/h	>2	1 826	467(24.65)			17(1.16)			9(0.76)
注：^*表示存在缺失值；()内数据为加权后患病率/%。

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表 2 宁夏中小学生超重肥胖与高血压共患相关因素多因素Logistic回归分析(n=4 577)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of related factors of overweight, obesity and hypertension comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia(n=4 577)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Waldχ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
年龄/岁	9~12					1.00
	13~16	2.75	0.72	14.70	< 0.01	15.66(3.84~63.96)
每周体育锻	< 3					1.00
炼频率/d	≥3	1.18	0.63	23.53	0.06	3.24(0.95~11.08)
每天静态屏	≤2					1.00
幕时间/h	>2	1.02	0.62	2.71	0.10	2.76(0.82~9.25)
每天睡眠	充足					1.00
时间	不足	1.70	0.59	8.34	< 0.01	5.47(1.73~17.33)
每周早餐频	< 1					1.00
率/次	1~7	-2.53	0.78	10.60	< 0.01	0.08(0.02~0.37)

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