中国现行义务教育课程标准中全面性教育相关内容分析

郭世豪; 朱璠; 朱桂因; 赵田杰; 祁甜甜; 杨爽; 马迎华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024332

中国现行义务教育课程标准中全面性教育相关内容分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024332

北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所, 北京 100191

详细信息

作者简介:
郭世豪(2000-), 男, 河南周口人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年生长发育及其影响因素

通讯作者:
马迎华, E-mail: yinghuama@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R167 G522.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-17
- 修回日期: 2024-07-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-15

Analysis of the relevant contents of comprehensive sexual education in the current compulsory education curriculum standards of China

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析与评价现行义务教育阶段16个学科课程标准中全面性教育相关内容的全面性、可靠性，全面性教育教学实践的可行性和有效性。方法参考教材分析模型建立课程标准分析模型，使用解释结构模型法的思路，分析与评价现行义务教育阶段16个学科(道德与法治、语文、历史、数学、英语、日语、俄语、地理、科学、物理、化学、生物学、信息科技、体育与健康、艺术、劳动)课程标准中全面性教育相关内容。结果道德与法治、语文、英语、科学、生物、信息科技、体育与健康7个学科课程标准体现全面性教育的5个核心概念和12个主题，出现频次最高的核心概念是“暴力与安全保障”和“人体与发育”，出现频次最高的主题为“青春期”。历史、数学、日语、俄语、地理、物理、化学、艺术、劳动9个课程标准中未体现全面性教育相关内容。义务教育课程标准中的全面性教育相关内容呈现3个特点：与学科内容密切相关、部分内容与学科教学目标一致、内容深度随年级增长而增加。中国义务教育课程标准中全面性教育相关内容的全面性、可靠性有待提升。结论现行义务教育阶段16个学科课程标准中全面性教育相关内容的全面性、可靠性，教学实践的可行性和有效性均有待提升。
- 课程 /
- 参考标准 /
- 性教育 /
- 中小学生卫生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To analyze and evaluate the comprehensiveness and reliability of the content related to comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education system, and the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education teaching practice. Methods Based on the textbook analysis model, a curriculum standard analysis model was established, and the interpretive structure model was used to analyze and evaluate the content related to comprehensive sexual education in the curriculum standards of 16 subjects in the current compulsory education system, including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, History, Mathematics, English, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health, Arts, Labor. Results There were 7 subject curriculum standards including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, English, Science, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health reflecting 5 core concepts and 12 themes of comprehensive sexuality education, and the most frequent core concept was Violence and Staying Safe and the Human Body and Development, as well as the most frequent theme was "Puberty". History, Mathematics, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Art and Labor didn't include content related to comprehensive sexuality education. The content related to comprehensive sexuality education in the curriculum standard of compulsory education presented three characteristics: it was closely related to the subject content, partial content was consistent with the teaching goal of the subject, and the content depth increased with the growth of grade. The comprehensiveness and reliability of comprehensive sexual education in the current compulsory education curriculum standards of China needed to be improved. Conclusion The comprehensiveness, reliability, feasibility and effectiveness of teaching practice of comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education stage need to be improved.
- Curriculum /
- Reference standards /
- Sex education /
- School health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 基于全面性教育视角的义务教育课程标准分析模型

Figure 1. An analytical model of compulsory education curriculum standards based on the perspective of comprehensive sexuality education

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表 1 《技术指南》核心概念与主题

Table 1. Core concepts and themes of the Technical Guideline

核心概念	主题
人际关系	家庭，友谊、爱及恋爱关系，包容及尊重，长期承诺及养育子女
价值观、权利、文化、媒介与性	价值观与性，权利与性，文化、社会、法律与性，媒介与性
社会性别	社会性别及其规范的社会建构，社会性别平等、性别刻板印象与偏见，基于社会性别的暴力
暴力与安全保障	暴力、性同意、隐私及身体完整性、信息与通信技术的安全使用
健康与福祉技能	社会规范和同伴对性行为的影响，决策，沟通、拒绝与协商，寻求帮助与支持
人体与发育	性与生殖解剖及生理、生殖、青春期、身体意象
性与性行为	性的生命周期、性行为与性反应
性与生殖健康	怀孕，避孕，包括艾滋病病毒在内的性传播感染，艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的污名、治疗及支持

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表 2 中国义务教育不同学科课程标准体现的CSE核心概念与主题

Table 2. The core concepts and themes of comprehensive sexuality education embodied in the curriculum standards of China's compulsory education

学科	核心概念	核心概念数量	主题	主题数量
道德与法治	人际关系、暴力与安全保障、人体与发育	3	友谊、爱及恋爱关系；包容及尊重；暴力；信息与通信技术的安全使用；青春期	5
语文	人际关系、暴力与安全保障	2	家庭；包容及尊重；隐私及身体完整性	3
英语	人际关系、健康与福祉技能	2	家庭；包容及尊重；友谊、爱及恋爱关系；沟通、拒绝与协商	4
科学	人体与发育	1	生殖；性与生殖解剖及生理；青春期	3
生物学	人体与发育、性与生殖健康	2	性与生殖解剖及生理；青春期；包括艾滋病病毒在内的性传播感染	3
信息科技	暴力与安全保障	1	信息与通信技术的安全使用	1
体育与健康	暴力与安全保障、人体与发育	2	性同意；隐私及身体完整性；暴力；生殖；性与生殖解剖及生理；青春期	6

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