上海市中学生欺凌他人行为现状及相关因素分析

李舒曼; 周欣怡; 严琼; 张喆; 翟娅妮; 罗春燕; 孙力菁

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024322

上海市中学生欺凌他人行为现状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024322

上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所, 200336

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目 22BTY105

健康上海行动专项项目 JKSHZX-2022-10

详细信息

作者简介:
李舒曼(1996-), 女, 河南开封人, 硕士, 医师, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
罗春燕, E-mail: luochunyan@scdc.sh.cn

孙力菁, E-mail: sunlijing@scdc.sh.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 C913.5 G479
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- 文章访问数: 140
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-22
- 修回日期: 2024-09-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-15

Analysis of bullying prevalence and associated factors among middle school students in Shanghai

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (200336), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨上海市中学生欺凌他人行为现状及相关因素, 为开展欺凌干预工作提供参考依据。方法 2021年5—6月，采用分层整群抽样方法抽取上海市16个区63所学校19 000名中学生，使用“上海市青少年健康危险行为调查问卷”对在校生进行匿名问卷调查。使用χ²检验和Logistic回归分析探索中学生欺凌他人的相关因素。结果上海市中学生欺凌他人行为的报告率为15.5%。其中男生和初中生的报告率较高(19.5%，17.2%)，恶意取笑别人或取难听的绰号是报告率最高的类型(9.4%)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，打架(OR=5.02)、尝试吸烟(OR=3.22)、伤心绝望(OR=2.50)、醉酒(OR=1.72)与中学生欺凌他人行为均呈正相关；打架(OR=3.83~8.97)、尝试吸烟(OR=2.92~5.52)、伤心绝望(OR=2.40~4.34)、醉酒(OR=1.66~2.34)与6种欺凌形式(恶意取笑别人或取难听的绰号，恶意破坏别人的物品，有意排斥某人参加集体活动或孤立某人，威胁/恐吓别人，打、踢、推、挤某人、在网络空间里谩骂或攻击某人)也均呈正相关(P值均＜0.05)。结论上海市中学生欺凌行为以言语欺凌为主要形式。应增加对欺凌者的关注，及时识别危险因素并实施精准干预措施。
- 暴力 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the current status and associated factors of bullying behavior among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference basis for carrying out bullying intervention work. Methods From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 19 000 middle school students from 63 schools in 16 districts of Shanghai, and the Shanghai Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of enrolled students. Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the associated factors of bullying among middle school students. Results The prevalence of bullying behaviors in Shanghai was 15.5%, with males and junior high school students exhibiting the higher reporting rate(19.5%, 17.2%). And malicious teasing or name-calling had the highest reported rate at 9.4%. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fighting (OR=5.02), attempting to smoke (OR=3.22), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness (OR=2.50) and getting drunk(OR=1.72) were positively associated with bullying behavior among middle school students. Fighting (OR=3.83-8.97), attempting to smoke (OR=2.92-5.52), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness (OR=2.40-4.34), and getting drunk (OR=1.66-2.34) were positively correlated with 6 forms of bullying (malicious teasing or name-calling, intentionally damaging someone else's belongings, deliberately excluding someone from activities or isolating someone, threatening or intimidating others, hitting, kicking, or pushing someone, and verbally harassing or attacking someone online) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Bullying behavior of middle school students in Shanghai primarily presents as verbal harassment. In the future, greater attention should be directed towards bullies, and it should recognize potential hazards promptly and implement precise intervention measures.
- Violence /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同组别初中生欺凌他人行为报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reported rates of bullying behavior towards others among middle school students in different groups

组别	人数	统计值	欺凌他人行为	恶意取笑别人或取难听的绰号	恶意破坏别人的物品	有意排斥某人参加集体活动或孤立某人	威胁恐吓别人	打、踢、推、挤某人	在网络空间里谩骂或攻击某人
性别^a
男	9 740		1 901(19.5)	1 264(13.0)	223(2.3)	342(3.5)	216(2.2)	518(5.3)	541(5.6)
女	9 259		1 051(11.4)	522(5.6)	80(0.9)	223(2.4)	74(0.8)	224(2.4)	359(3.9)
		χ²值	241.21^**	300.24^**	61.46^**	20.01^**	63.54^**	106.30^**	29.59^**
学段
初中	11 713		2 014(17.2)	1 237(10.6)	207(1.8)	347(3.0)	194(1.7)	558(4.8)	536(4.6)
普高	5 300		680(12.8)	378(7.1)	64(1.2)	160(3.0)	72(1.4)	141(2.7)	283(5.3)
中职校	1 987		258(13.0)	171(8.6)	32(1.6)	58(2.9)	24(1.2)	43(2.2)	81(4.1)
		χ²值	63.98^**	52.02^**	7.29^*	0.06	3.65	60.95^**	6.86^*
居住情况^a
和父母双方	16 093		2 440(15.2)	1 491(9.3)	246(1.5)	449(2.8)	240(1.5)	602(3.7)	722(4.5)
和父母一方	1 929		363(18.8)	209(10.8)	35(1.8)	82(4.3)	32(1.7)	91(4.7)	132(6.8)
没有和父母同住	714		114(16.0)	64(9)	16(2.2)	25(3.5)	12(1.7)	39(5.5)	34(4.8)
		χ²值	17.61^**	5.15	2.95	13.5^**	0.46	9.16^*	21.19^**
住宿情况^a
走读	17 292		2 692(15.6)	1 625(9.4)	273(1.6)	499(2.9)	259(1.5)	682(3.9)	805(4.7)
住校	1 672		252(15.1)	157(9.4)	29(1.7)	64(3.8)	31(1.9)	60(3.6)	93(5.6)
		χ²值	0.29	0.00	0.24	4.70^*	1.29	0.51	2.78
尝试吸烟^a
否	17 714		2 526(14.3)	1 519(8.6)	234(1.3)	444(2.5)	206(1.2)	611(3.4)	730(4.1)
是	1 260		423(33.6)	264(21.0)	69(5.5)	119(9.4)	84(6.7)	131(10.4)	170(13.5)
		χ²值	334.20^**	211.66^**	129.25^**	196.66^**	236.75^**	151.10^**	228.63^**
醉酒^a
否	5 298		1 167(22.0)	687(13.0)	119(2.2)	227(4.3)	128(2.4)	294(5.5)	431(8.1)
是	698		215(30.8)	134(19.2)	30(4.3)	68(9.7)	32(4.6)	65(9.3)	89(12.8)
		χ²值	26.78^**	20.26^**	10.72^**	39.27^**	11.17^**	15.52^**	16.59^**
伤心绝望^a
否	16 967		2 386(14.1)	1 437(8.5)	205(1.2)	420(2.5)	197(1.2)	583(3.4)	683(4.0)
是	1 996		559(28.0)	345(17.3)	96(4.8)	143(7.2)	91(4.6)	156(7.8)	213(10.7)
		χ²值	264.68^**	163.00^**	148.28^**	136.30^**	137.87^**	91.46^**	175.22^**
打架^a
否	16 724		1 965(11.7)	1 190(7.1)	163(1.0)	354(2.1)	133(0.8)	337(2.0)	580(3.5)
是	2 268		983(43.3)	593(26.1)	140(6.2)	211(9.3)	157(6.9)	404(17.8)	319(14.1)
		χ²值	1 520.14^**	850.28^**	343.74^**	357.36^**	498.64^**	1 329.39^**	497.35^**
睡眠^a
不足	17 984		2 788(15.5)	1 675(9.3)	280(1.6)	526(2.9)	272(1.5)	704(3.9)	848(4.7)
充足	972		158(16.3)	106(10.9)	23(2.4)	39(4.0)	18(1.9)	38(3.9)	50(5.1)
		χ²值	0.40	2.74	3.84	3.77	0.71	0.00	0.38
注：()内数字为报告率/%；^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01；^a数据有缺失值。

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表 2 中学生欺凌他人行为相关因素的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=19 000]

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of factors related to middle school students bullying behavior towards others [OR(95%CI), n=19 000]

自变量	欺凌他人行为	恶意取笑别人或取难听的绰号	恶意破坏别人的物品	有意排斥某人参加集体活动或孤立某人	威胁恐吓别人	打、踢、推、挤某人	在网络空间里谩骂或攻击某人
尝试吸烟	3.22(2.83~3.67)	2.92(2.51~3.40)	4.40(3.31~5.85)	3.78(3.04~4.69)	5.52(4.24~7.17)	3.71(3.01~4.56)	3.53(2.94~4.25)
醉酒	1.72(1.44~2.06)	1.80(1.46~2.22)	2.20(1.45~3.33)	2.34(1.75~3.13)	2.01(1.35~2.99)	2.01(1.50~2.69)	1.66(1.29~2.13)
伤心绝望	2.50(2.24~2.78)	2.40(2.11~2.74)	4.34(3.39~5.57)	2.93(2.40~3.58)	4.19(3.25~5.41)	2.50(2.07~3.01)	2.83(2.40~3.33)
打架	5.02(4.55~5.55)	3.83(3.42~4.30)	5.80(4.55~7.39)	4.63(3.85~5.58)	8.05(6.33~10.25)	8.97(7.63~10.53)	4.67(4.00~5.45)
注：P值均＜0.01；自变量均以否为参照组。

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