江西省初中生力量素质与抑郁焦虑共患及其亚型的关联

于良; 翟占魁; 蒋竞; 沙冕; 陈忠丽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024307

江西省初中生力量素质与抑郁焦虑共患及其亚型的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024307

于良¹,
翟占魁¹,
蒋竞²,
沙冕³,
陈忠丽^4, ,

1.
重庆幼儿师范高等专科学校体育学院，重庆 404100
2.
江西医学高等专科学校泊月科学中心
3.
上饶师范学院体育学院
4.
重庆城市职业学院通识教育学院

基金项目:

2023年重庆市深化教育领域综合改革试点项目 23JGS53

重庆幼儿师范高等专科学校项目 2023GZZ-001

详细信息

作者简介:
于良(1990-)，男，山东潍坊人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育与健康教育

通讯作者:
陈忠丽，E-mail: 532906972@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 G804.49 G633.96
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-13
- 修回日期: 2024-07-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Association between strength quality with comorbid depressive and anxiety and its subtypes among junior high school students in Jiangxi Province

1.
College of Physical Education, Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing (404100), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析初中生力量素质与抑郁焦虑共患(CDA)及其亚型的关联，为改善初中生心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法，于2023年9—11月选取江西省4座城市(南昌市、赣州市、九江市、上饶市)10 007名13~16岁初中生作为研究对象，采用问卷调查和身体素质测试收集初中生基本信息并评估学生抑郁焦虑状况及力量素质。运用χ²检验比较初中生CDA及其亚型在不同人口学特征、睡眠、体力活动和超重肥胖情况检出率的组间分布差异，采用Logistic回归模型推断初中生力量素质与CDA及其亚型的关联强度。结果初中生CDA总体检出率为11.04%，其中CDA亚型中轻抑郁-轻焦虑型、焦虑为主型、抑郁为主型、重抑郁-重焦虑型检出率分别为3.67%，3.35%，0.39%，3.64%。相比握力及立定跳远成绩>P₇₅组别，其他组别CDA发生风险均增加(握力：P₂₅~P₇₅组，OR=1.20， < P₂₅组，OR=1.28；立定跳远：P₂₅~P₇₅组，OR=1.31， < P₂₅组，OR=1.51；P值均 < 0.05)。在不同类型CDA亚型分层中，相比握力成绩>P₇₅组别，P₂₅~P₇₅和 < P₂₅组别轻抑郁-轻焦虑型发生风险均增加(OR值分别为1.32，1.44，P值均 < 0.05)。相比立定跳远成绩>P₇₅组别，其他组别焦虑为主型、重抑郁-重焦虑型发生风险均增加(焦虑为主型，P₂₅~P₇₅组，OR=1.32；重抑郁-重焦虑型， < P₂₅组，OR=1.87，P值均 < 0.05)。结论初中生较低水平的握力及立定跳远成绩与CDA及其亚型呈正相关，较低水平的下肢力量可能是重抑郁-重焦虑CDA的重要预测因素。
- 身体素质 /
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 共病现象 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the association of strength quality of junior high school students with comorbid depressive and anxiety (CDA) and its subtypes, so as to provide reference for mental health improvement among junior high students. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 10 007 junior high students aged 13-16 from four cities (Nanchang, Ganzhou, Jiujiang, Shangrao) in Jiangxi Province during September to November 2023. A questionnaire survey and physical fitness tests were employed to collect basic information and assess students' depressive and anxiety status, as well as strength quality. The χ² test was used to compare the distribution differences of CDA and its subtypes among different demographic characteristics, sleep, physical activity, and overweight/obesity conditions. Logistic regression models were applied to infer the association strength between strength quality and CDA and its subtypes. Results The overall detection rate of CDA among junior high students was 11.04%. Among the CDA subtypes, the detection rates for mild depression-mild anxiety type, anxiety-dominant type, depression-dominant type, and severe depression-severe anxiety type were 3.67%, 3.35%, 0.39% and 3.64%, respectively. Compared to the grip strength and standing long jump scores in the >P₇₅ group, the risk of CDA occurrence increased in other groups (grip strength: P₂₅-P₇₅, OR=1.20; < P₂₅, OR=1.28; standing long jump: P₂₅-P₇₅, OR=1.31; < P₂₅, OR=1.51; P < 0.05). In stratified analysis of different CDA subtypes, compared to the grip strength >P₇₅ group, the risks for mild depression-mild anxiety type increased in the P₂₅-P₇₅ and < P₂₅ groups (OR=1.32, 1.44, P < 0.05). Compared to the standing long jump >P₇₅ group, the risks for anxiety-dominant type and severe depression-severe anxiety type increased in other groups (anxiety-dominant type: P₂₅-P₇₅, OR=1.32; severe depression-severe anxiety type: < P₂₅, OR=1.87; P < 0.05). Conclusions Lower levels of grip strength and standing long jump performance among junior high students are positively correlated with CDA and its subtypes. Lower levels of lower limb strength may be an important predictor of CDA in severe depression and anxiety.
- Physical fitness /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Mental health /
- Comorbidity /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同组别初中生CDA检出率及其亚型分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of CDA and subtypes distribution among junior high students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	CDA		亚型分布
组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	轻抑郁-轻焦虑	焦虑为主	抑郁为主	重抑郁-重焦虑	χ²值
性别	男	5 299	522(9.9)	16.27^**	165(31.6)	149(28.5)	19(3.6)	189(36.2)	5.03
	女	4 708	583(12.4)		202(34.6)	186(31.9)	20(3.4)	175(30.0)
年龄/岁	13	1 752	182(10.4)	16.17^**	59(32.4)	42(23.1)	5(2.7)	76(41.8)	13.53
	14	3 680	358(9.7)		119(32.2)	116(32.4)	13(3.6)	110(30.7)
	15	3 600	436(12.1)		146(33.5)	142(32.6)	13(3.0)	135(31.0)
	16	975	129(13.2)		43(33.3)	35(27.1)	8(6.2)	43(33.3)
户籍所在地	城镇	2 962	342(11.5)	1.01	93(27.2)	119(34.8)	13(3.8)	117(34.2)	9.03^*
	农村	7 045	763(10.8)		274(35.9)	216(28.3)	26(3.4)	247(32.4)
是否独生子女	是	1 300	119(9.2)	5.42^*	33(27.7)	26(21.8)	3(2.5)	57(47.9)	13.80^**
	否	8 707	986(11.3)		334(33.9)	309(31.3)	36(3.7)	307(31.1)
是否留守儿童	是	3 048	395(13.0)	16.40^**	129(32.7)	122(30.9)	16(4.1)	128(32.4)	0.65
	否	6 959	710(10.2)		238(33.5)	213(30.0)	23(3.2)	236(33.2)
父亲学历	小学及以下	1 342	170(12.7)	9.32^*	47(27.6)	40(23.5)	7(4.1)	76(44.7)	39.45^**
	初中	4 898	560(11.4)		201(35.9)	174(31.1)	23(4.1)	162(28.9)
	高中/中专	2 440	237(9.7)		81(34.2)	84(35.4)	6(2.5)	66(27.8)
	大学或以上	1 327	138(10.4)		38(27.5)	37(26.8)	3(2.2)	60(43.5)
母亲学历	小学及以下	1 862	227(12.2)	9.18^*	76(33.5)	62(27.3)	10(4.4)	79(34.8)	20.30
	初中	4 795	537(11.2)		193(35.9)	155(28.9)	18(3.4)	171(31.8)
	高中/中专	2 184	205(9.4)		50(24.4)	78(38.0)	7(3.4)	70(34.1)
	大学或以上	1 166	136(11.7)		48(35.3)	40(29.4)	4(2.9)	44(32.4)
家庭经济状况	差	990	184(18.6)	68.84^**	57(31.0)	52(28.3)	8(4.3)	67(36.4)	13.76^*
	一般	7 613	753(9.9)		265(35.2)	238(31.6)	26(3.5)	224(29.7)
	好	1 404	168(12.0)		45(26.8)	45(26.8)	5(3.0)	73(43.5)
是否睡眠质量不良	是	1 561	572(36.6)	1 234.03^**	151(26.4)	185(32.3)	16(2.8)	220(38.5)	30.96^**
	否	8 446	533(6.3)		216(40.5)	150(28.1)	23(4.3)	144(27.0)
体力活动水平	低水平	4 943	617(12.5)	29.23^**	209(33.9)	161(26.1)	21(3.4)	226(36.6)	18.28^**
	中水平	3 649	381(10.4)		121(31.8)	139(36.5)	17(4.5)	104(27.3)
	高水平	1 415	107(7.6)		37(34.6)	35(32.7)	1(0.9)	34(31.8)
中高强度体力活动是否达标	是	5 064	488(9.6)	20.62^**	158(32.4)	174(35.7)	18(3.7)	138(28.3)	14.23^**
	否	4 943	617(12.5)		209(33.9)	161(26.1)	21(3.4)	226(36.6)
是否超重肥胖	是	2 022	248(12.3)	3.86^*	79(31.9)	66(26.6)	12(4.8)	91(36.7)	4.54
	否	7 985	857(10.7)		288(33.6)	269(31.4)	27(3.2)	273(31.9)
注： ()内数字为检出率或构成比/%；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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表 2 不同力量素质水平初中生CDA检出率及其亚型分布比较

Table 2. Comparison of CDA detection rate and subtype distribution among junior high school students with different levels of strength and quality

力量素质	组别	人数	CDA人数		亚型分布
力量素质	组别	人数	检出人数	χ²值	轻抑郁-轻焦虑	焦虑为主	抑郁为主	重抑郁-重焦虑	χ²值
握力	< P₂₅	1 868	230(12.3)	13.03^**	81(35.2)	69(30.0)	2(0.9)	78(33.9)	9.13
	P₂₅~P₇₅	3 639	434(11.9)		150(34.6)	135(31.1)	16(3.7)	133(30.6)
	>P₇₅	4 500	441(9.8)		136(30.8)	131(29.7)	21(4.8)	153(34.7)
仰卧起坐	< P₂₅	1 830	200(10.9)	0.73	67(33.5)	55(27.5)	9(4.5)	69(34.5)	3.08
	P₂₅~P₇₅	4 200	453(10.8)		158(34.9)	140(30.9)	15(3.3)	140(30.9)
	>P₇₅	3 977	452(11.4)		142(31.4)	140(31.0)	15(3.3)	155(34.3)
立定跳远	< P₂₅	1 239	169(13.6)	28.37^**	50(29.6)	39(23.1)	7(4.1)	73(43.2)	12.38
	P₂₅~P₇₅	3 530	439(12.4)		152(34.6)	144(32.8)	13(3.0)	130(29.6)
	>P₇₅	5 238	497(9.5)		165(33.2)	152(30.6)	19(3.8)	161(32.4)
综合力量素质	< P₂₅	2 594	304(11.7)	2.04	98(32.2)	80(26.3)	11(3.6)	115(37.8)	8.35
	P₂₅~P₇₅	4 652	511(11.0)		181(35.4)	161(31.5)	19(3.7)	150(29.4)
	>P₇₅	2 761	290(10.5)		88(30.3)	94(32.4)	9(3.1)	99(34.1)
注： ()内数字为检出率或构成比/%；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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表 3 初中生力量素质与CDA及其亚型的Logistic回归分析(n=10 007)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of junior high school students strength quality and CDA and its subtypes(n=10 007)

自变量	组别	轻抑郁-轻焦虑型^a		焦虑为主型^a		抑郁为主型^a		重抑郁-重焦虑型^a		总体CDA^b
自变量	组别	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)
握力	>P₇₅		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	P₂₅~P₇₅	0.28	1.32(1.02~1.71)^*	0.78	1.08(0.82~1.43)	-0.01	0.99(0.52~1.91)	0.01	1.01(0.77~1.32)	0.18	1.20(1.02~1.39)^*
	< P₂₅	0.37	1.44(1.07~1.95)^*	0.79	1.08(0.77~1.52)	-1.44	0.24(0.06~1.02)	0.18	1.19(0.87~1.65)	0.25	1.28(1.07~1.53)^*
立定跳远	>P₇₅		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	P₂₅~P₇₅	0.16	1.17(0.89~1.54)	0.28	1.32(1.00~1.73)^*	-0.07	0.93(0.41~2.14)	0.18	1.20(0.90~1.61)	0.27	1.31(1.12~1.54)^*
	< P₂₅	0.12	1.13(0.78~1.63)	0.06	1.06(0.72~1.57)	0.37	1.44(0.53~3.91)	0.63	1.87(1.32~2.64)^*	0.41	1.51(1.23~1.85)^*
注： ^a调整户籍所在地、是否独生子女、父亲学历、家庭经济状况、是否睡眠质量不良、体力活动水平、是否中高强度体力活动达标因素，^b调整性别、年龄、是否独生子女、是否留守儿童、父母学历、家庭经济状况、是否睡眠质量不良、体力活动水平、是否中高强度体力活动达标、是否超重肥胖因素；^*P < 0.05。

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