Policy implementation on daily study time standard among secondary school students in Shandong Province
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摘要:
目的 了解山东省中学生一日学习时间标准执行情况，为有关政策制定和落实提供科学依据。 方法 2023年1—5月，采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取山东省8 725名中学生，基于《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》(GB/T 17223—2012)设计调查问卷，调查中学生一日学习安排、睡眠与体育活动时间、课间休息与排课要求等指标。 结果 山东省初中和高中生一日学习时间达标率分别为29.2%，23.6%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.63，P < 0.01)；睡眠时间、体育活动时间、课间休息、上午和下午课时数达标率分别为19.3%，26.2%，30.5%，73.2%和16.2%；每节课时长达标情况较好，初中和高中生达标率分别为96.7%，94.4%；初中和高中生大课间休息达标率分别为84.6%，83.4%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.78，P < 0.01)。随着学生教育阶段的提升，体育活动、课间休息、连排课、周总课时的达标率均下降，初中和高中生分别为31.8%和18.3%，35.7%和23.1%，60.5%和29.6%，55.2%和35.1%。 结论 《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》(GB/T 17223—2012)在一定程度上优化了中学生日常学习生活的作息安排，但山东省中学生一日学习现状达标情况较差。相关单位需提升标准执行力，加强政策标准落地监督。 Abstract:Objective To understand the implementation of daily study time standard among secondary school students in Shandong Province, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. Methods From January to May 2023, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 8 725 middle school students in Shandong Province. A survey questionnaire was designed based on the Requirements for Daily Study Time of Primary and Secondary School Students(GB/T 17223-2012), to investigate indicators such as students' daily learning schedule, sleep and physical activity time, break time and scheduling requirements. Results The compliance rates for daily study time in junior and senior high school students in Shandong Province were 29.2% and 23.6%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=33.63, P < 0.01). Compliance rates for sleep duration, physical activity and recess time, morning and afternoon class hours, and class duration were 19.3%, 26.2%, 30.5%, 73.2% and 16.2%. Class duration compliance was relatively high, with rates of 96.7% in junior high and 94.4% in senior high school students. There was a statistically significant difference in compliance rates for extended class breaks between different educational stages (χ2=81.78, P < 0.01), with rates of 84.6% in junior high and 83.4% in senior high school students. As students progressed through their educational stages, compliance rates for physical activities, class breaks, consecutive classes, and total weekly class hours showed a decreasing trend, with rates of 31.8% and 18.3%, 35.7% and 23.1%, 60.5% and 29.6%, 55.2% and 35.1% in junior and senior high school students, respectively. Conclusions The revised standard of Requirements for Daily Study Time of Primary and Secondary School Students(GB/T 17223-2012) optimizes the daily study and life schedule of middle school students to a certain extent. However, daily study time for middle school students in Shandong Province exceeds standard. Relevant departments need to enhance their ability to implement standards and strengthen the supervision of policy standards implementation. -
Key words:
- Learning /
- Time /
- Public policy /
- Reference standards /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。2) 时一菡与胥欣为共同第一作者 -
图 1 山东省不同年级中学生睡眠与体育活动时间达标率
Figure 1. Standard-reaching rates of sleeping time and physical activity time in different grades of secondary school students in Shandong Province
表 1 GB/T 17223—2012和GB/T 17224—1998各项指标比较
Table 1. Comparison of various indicators between GB/T 17223-2012 and GB/T 17224-1998
指标 学段 GB/T 17224—1998 GB/T 17223—2012 一日学习时间/h 初中 ≤7 ≤7 高中 ≤8 ≤8 课时安排 每节课时间≤40 min；上午4节，初中下午2节，高中下午2或3节 每节课时间≤45 min；上午4节，下午2~3节 早读/min ≤40 ≤30 课外自习 ≤2节课 ≤90 min 每日睡眠时间/h 初中 ≥8 ≥9 高中 ≥8 ≥8 体育活动时间 每周≥3次，每次45 min 每天1 h 课间休息 — 2节课之间≥10 min，第2~3节不少于20~30 min 排课要求 — 一日内不连排两节相同课程(除作文、实验等特殊需要外)， 周总课时≤34节 
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表 2 山东省中学生一日学习安排指标分布不同学段间比较
Table 2. Comparison of daily study arrangement indicators distribution among different grades of middle school students in Shandong Province
指标 选项 初中(n=5 127) 高中(n=3 598) χ2值 P值 每节课时长/min < 40 258(5.0) 121(3.4) 40.95 < 0.01 40~45 4 700(91.7) 3 274(91.0) >45 169(3.3) 203(5.6) 上午课时数/节 ≤3 209(4.0) 112(3.1) 212.46 < 0.01 4 4 012(78.3) 2 373(66.0) ≥5 906(17.7) 1 113(30.9) 下午课时数/节 1 2(0.1) 3(0.1) 359.69 < 0.01 2 36(0.7) 20(0.6) 3 1 115(21.7) 246(6.8) ≥4 3 974(77.5) 3 329(92.5) 早读/min < 20 1 016(19.8) 190(5.3) 681.38 < 0.01 20~30 2 110(41.2) 1 074(29.8) >30 2 001(39.0) 2 334(64.9) 课外自习/h < 1 3 093(60.3) 1 044(29.0) 1 226.89 < 0.01 1~1.5 838(16.3) 390(10.8) >1.5 1 196(23.3) 2 164(60.1) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 山东省中学生睡眠与体育活动时间分布不同学段比较
Table 3. Comparison of sleep and sports time distribution among different grades of middle school students in Shandong Province
指标 选项 初中(n=5 127) 高中(n=3 598) χ2值 P值 睡眠时间/ < 6 111(2.2) 472(13.1) 1 819.08 < 0.01 (h·d-1) 6~< 7 670(13.1) 1 464(40.7) 7~< 8 1 529(29.8) 1 000(27.8) 8~< 9 1 796(35.0) 561(15.6) 9~< 10 771(15.0) 74(2.1) ≥10 250(4.9) 27(0.8) 体育活动 < 0.5 591(11.5) 819(22.8) 341.57 < 0.01 时间/ 0.5~< 1.0 2 905(56.7) 2 122(59.0) (h·d-1) 1.0~< 2.0 1 456(28.4) 529(14.7) ≥2.0 175(3.4) 128(3.6) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 山东省中学生课间休息时间与排课要求分布不同学段间比较
Table 4. Comparison of break time and class scheduling requirements distribution among different grades of middle school students in Shandong Province
指标 选项 初中(n=5 127) 高中(n=3 598) χ2值 P值 课间休息时 < 5 81(1.6) 85(2.4) 160.92 < 0.01 间/min 5~< 10 3 215(62.7) 2 682(74.5) ≥10 1 831(35.7) 831(23.1) 大课间休息时 < 0 785(15.3) 598(16.6) 81.78 < 0.01 间/min 20~< 25 1 602(31.2) 1 306(36.3) 25~< 0 2 002(39.0) 1 391(38.7) ≥30 738(14.4) 303(8.4) 是否连排课 是 2 024(39.5) 2 532(70.4) 808.83 < 0.01 否 3 103(60.5) 1 066(29.6) 一日内不连排两 是 3 582(69.9) 2 516(69.9) 0.01 0.95 节相同课程 否 1 545(30.1) 1 082(30.1) 每周总课时/节 < 26 360(7.0) 151(4.2) 411.13 < 0.01 26~< 0 871(17.0) 563(15.6) 30~34 1 599(31.2) 548(15.2) >34 2 297(44.8) 2 336(64.9) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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