山西省易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意度及相关因素分析

李振浩; 杨乐; 姚典瑞; 杨洋; 郭丹; 于琦

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024297

山西省易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意度及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024297

李振浩¹,
杨乐^{1, 2, ,},
姚典瑞¹,
杨洋¹,
郭丹^{1, 2},
于琦¹

1.
山西医科大学管理学院，太原 030001
2.
山西医科大学卫生管理与政策研究中心

基金项目:

山西省大健康产业高质量发展科研专项课题 DJKZXKT2023225

山西省科技创新人才团队专项资助项目 202304051001017

2020年度山西医科大学博士启动基金项目 XD2042

2020年度山西医科大学省级博士启动基金项目 SD2029

详细信息

作者简介:
李振浩(1999-)，男，河南驻马店人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:
杨乐，E-mail: yangle05@hotmail.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B845.6 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-13
- 修回日期: 2024-08-02
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Life satisfaction and associated factors among adolescents relocated for poverty alleviation in Shanxi Province

LI Zhenhao¹,
YANG Le^{1, 2
, ,},
YAO Dianrui¹,
YANG Yang¹,
GUO Dan^{1, 2},
YU Qi¹

1.
School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan (030001), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨影响易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意度的因素，为促进其身心健康成长提供科学依据。方法于2023年6—8月采用多阶段随机抽样方法，在山西省4个市8个县的24个搬迁安置点，对631名10~19岁青少年进行问卷调查，收集个体特征、家庭环境、健康行为与心理健康状况及社会资本等信息。运用单因素方差分析、二分类Logistic回归分析探究相关因素。结果易地扶贫搬迁青少年的生活满意报告率为63.9%(403/631)，生活满意度平均得分为(23.21±6.28)分。Logistic回归分析结果表明，年龄(17~19岁：AOR=0.54，95%CI=0.33~0.88)、主观家庭经济状况(一般：AOR=1.70，95%CI=1.04~2.76，好：AOR=6.95，95%CI=1.85~26.16)、睡眠质量(好：AOR=1.61，95%CI=1.09~2.38)、抑郁(AOR=0.94，95%CI=0.90~0.99)及社会资本(AOR=1.17，95%CI=1.10~1.23)与易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意度相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论易地扶贫搬迁17~19岁青少年的满意度相对较低，而家庭经济状况较好、睡眠质量高、抑郁水平低及社会资本丰富的青少年则表现出相对较高的生活满意度。家庭、社区、学校及社会机构应采取针对性措施，以提升青少年的生活质量。
- 日常生活活动 /
- 回归分析 /
- 贫困区 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To investigate factors associated with life satisfaction among adolescents who have been relocated for poverty alleviation, so as to provide scientific evidence to support adolescent physical and mental well-being. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted from June to August 2023 across 24 relocation sites in 8 counties of 4 cities in Shanxi Province. A total of 631 adolescents aged 10-19 were surveyed regarding personal characteristics, family environment, health behaviors, mental health, and social capital. Univariate analysis of variance and binary Logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors. Results The life satisfaction rate of the relocated adolescents was 63.9%(403/631), and the average score of life satisfaction was (23.21±6.28). The Logistic regression analysis showed that, significant factors affecting life satisfaction of the relocated adolescents included age (17-19 years old: AOR=0.54, 95%CI=0.33-0.88), subjective family economic status (moderate: AOR=1.70, 95%CI=1.04-2.76; good: AOR=6.95, 95%CI=1.85-26.16), sleep quality (good: AOR=1.61, 95%CI=1.09-2.38), depression (AOR=0.94, 95%CI=0.90-0.99), and social capital (AOR=1.17, 95%CI=1.10-1.23)(P < 0.05). Conclusions The satisfaction of 17-19-year-old adolescents who have relocated for poverty alleviation is relatively low, while those with better family economic status, high sleep quality, low depression level and rich social capital showed high life satisfaction. Targeted interventions by families, communities, schools, and social institutions are recommended to improve adolescents' quality of life.
- Activities of daily living /
- Regression analysis /
- Poverty areas /
- Adolescent
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表 1 山西省不同特征易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of life satisfaction report rate of adolescents relocated for poverty alleviation from differcent characteristics in Shanxi Province

变量	分类	人数	生活满意人数	χ²值	P值	变量	分类	人数	生活满意人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	315	198(62.9)	0.84	0.70		非在婚	84	52(61.9)
	女	316	205(64.9)			是否经历家庭暴力	是	18	8(44.4)	3.03	0.08
年龄/岁	10~13	347	242(69.7)	11.62	< 0.01		否	613	395(64.4)
	14~16	153	88(57.5)			父亲是否吸烟	是	403	258(64.0)	0.01	0.74
	17~19	131	73(55.7)				否	228	145(63.6)
独生子女	是	90	59(65.6)	0.99	0.48	母亲是否吸烟	是	25	14(56.0)	0.70	0.40
	否	541	344(63.6)				否	606	389(64.2)
自评家庭经济状况	差	112	56(50.0)	14.31	0.01	父亲是否酗酒	是	161	96(59.6)	1.68	0.19
	一般	495	327(66.1)				否	470	307(65.3)
	好	24	20(83.3)			母亲是否酗酒	是	12	6(50.0)	1.02	0.31
父亲受教育程度	小学及以下	225	142(63.1)	1.33	0.51		否	619	397(64.1)
	初中	307	202(65.8)			是否吸烟	是	17	7(41.2)	3.09	0.04
	高中及以上	99	59(59.6)				否	614	396(64.5)
母亲受教育程度	小学及以下	205	118(57.6)	5.79	0.06	是否饮酒	是	15	7(46.7)	1.97	0.16
	初中	312	212(67.9)				否	616	396(98.3)
	高中及以上	114	73(64.0)			是否锻炼	是	455	301(66.2)	3.70	0.06
居住方式	仅与父母同住	520	337(64.8)	1.13	0.74		否	176	102(58.0)
	其他	111	66(59.5)			睡眠质量	不好	351	197(48.9)	20.45	< 0.01
父母是否吵架	是	79	42(53.2)	4.48	0.03		好	280	206(51.1)
	否	552	361(65.4)			是否午休	是	471	307(76.2)	1.39	0.24
父母婚姻现状	在婚	547	351(64.2)	0.16	0.99		否	160	96(23.8)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 江西省易地扶贫搬迁青少年生活满意度相关因素的二元Logistic回归模型(n=631)

Table 2. Logistic regression model of the associated factors of life satisfaction among the interviewed adolescents relocated for poverty alleviation(n=631)

自变量	选项	模型1		模型2		模型3		模型4
自变量	选项	AOR值(95%CI)	P值	AOR值(95%CI)	P值	AOR值(95%CI)	P值	AOR值(95%CI)	P值
性别	女	1.12(0.80~1.55)	0.51	1.12(0.79~1.57)	0.53	1.19(0.82~1.74)	0.36	1.15(0.78~1.70)	0.47
年龄/岁	14~16	0.59(0.40~0.87)	0.01	0.59(0.39~0.88)	0.01	0.65(0.42~1.02)	0.06	0.66(0.42~1.03)	0.07
	17~19	0.54(0.36~0.82)	< 0.01	0.54(0.35~0.83)	< 0.01	0.64(0.40~1.03)	0.07	0.54(0.33~0.88)	0.01
独生子女	否			0.91(0.56~1.50)	0.72	0.84(0.49~1.43)	0.51	0.86(0.50~1.48)	0.56
自评家庭经济状况	一般			1.76(1.14~2.74)	0.01	1.69(1.06~2.71)	0.03	1.70(1.04~2.76)	0.04
	好			4.88(1.51~15.73)	0.01	6.85(1.91~24.53)	< 0.01	6.95(1.85~26.16)	< 0.01
父亲受教育程度	初中			0.90(0.60~1.36)	0.63	0.98(0.64~1.52)	0.94	1.09(0.70~1.71)	0.70
	高中及以上			0.60(0.34~1.07)	0.08	0.67(0.36~1.25)	0.21	0.73(0.39~1.38)	0.34
母亲受教育程度	初中			1.40(0.93~2.11)	0.11	0.67(0.36~1.26)	0.21	1.15(0.73~1.81)	0.55
	高中及以上			1.31(0.74~2.30)	0.36	1.07(0.58~1.97)	0.83	0.93(0.49~1.75)	0.82
居住方式	其他			0.81(0.58~1.14)	0.23	0.79(0.55~1.14)	0.20	0.78(0.54~1.14)	0.20
父母是否吵架	否			1.50(0.88~2.54)	0.14	1.24(0.70~2.18)	0.46	1.05(0.58~1.90)	0.86
父母婚姻现状	非在婚			1.33(0.77~2.30)	0.31	1.49(0.82~2.68)	0.19	1.53(0.83~2.82)	0.17
是否经历家庭暴力	否			1.72(0.61~4.81)	0.30	1.58(0.53~4.67)	0.41	1.70(0.55~5.21)	0.36
父亲是否吸烟	否			0.97(0.67~1.40)	0.86	1.01(0.68~1.49)	0.98	1.00(0.67~1.50)	1.00
母亲是否吸烟	否			1.02(0.43~2.45)	0.97	0.92(0.36~2.30)	0.85	0.86(0.33~2.22)	0.75
父亲是否酗酒	否			1.15(0.76~1.74)	0.50	0.93(0.60~1.45)	0.75	0.92(0.58~1.44)	0.71
母亲是否酗酒	否			1.45(0.41~5.18)	0.56	1.23(0.32~4.77)	0.77	1.23(0.29~5.20)	0.78
是否吸烟	是					1.24(0.36~4.32)	0.73	1.35(0.38~4.84)	0.64
是否饮酒	否					1.51(0.41~5.53)	0.54	1.10(0.29~4.20)	0.89
是否锻炼	否					0.72(0.47~1.08)	0.12	0.76(0.50~1.17)	0.21
睡眠质量	好					1.85(1.27~2.70)	< 0.01	1.61(1.09~2.38)	0.02
是否午休	否					1.02(0.67~1.56)	0.91	1.02(0.66~1.57)	0.94
抑郁						0.92(0.88~0.96)	< 0.01	0.94(0.90~0.99)	0.02
焦虑						1.01(0.97~1.06)	0.64	1.01(0.96~1.06)	0.72
压力						0.95(0.90~0.99)	0.03	0.96(0.91~1.01)	0.08
社会资本								1.17(1.10~1.23)	< 0.01
注：自变量中分类变量分别以男生、10~13岁、独生女子、自评家庭经济状况差、父母小学及以下文化程度、仅与父母同住、父母经常吵架、父母在婚、经历家庭暴力、父母吸烟、父母酗酒、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、睡眠质量不好、每天午休为参照，抑郁、焦虑、压力、社会资本得分为连续型变量；AOR为优势比。

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