住宅邻里绿地空间与中学生心理健康的关系

张顺军; 冉飞; 吴文巧; 曾晴文; 岳鑫尉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024294

住宅邻里绿地空间与中学生心理健康的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024294

张顺军^{1, 2},
冉飞^{2, 3, ,},
吴文巧^{2, 4},
曾晴文²,
岳鑫尉²

1.
广州松田职业学院体育与健康学院，广东 511370
2.
云南师范大学体育学院
3.
滇西应用技术大学珠宝学院
4.
昆明城市学院体育学院

基金项目:

云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目 2023Y0583

详细信息

作者简介:
张顺军(1996-)，男，重庆云阳人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为运动促进青少年心理健康

通讯作者:
冉飞，E-mail: 744657022@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 B845.61
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-03
- 修回日期: 2024-07-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Relationship between residential neighborhood green space and mental health of middle school students

ZHANG Shunjun^{1, 2},
RAN Fei^{2, 3
, ,},
WU Wenqiao^{2, 4},
ZENG Qingwen²,
YUE Xinwei²

1.
Guangzhou Songtian Vocational College of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou (511370), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解住宅邻里绿地空间等因素与中学生心理健康的关系，从居住地环境层面上为改善中学生心理健康提供参考依据。方法于2023年10—12月，在昆明市盘龙区、五华区、呈贡区、官渡区通过分层整群随机抽样法抽取3所初中和2所普通高中的1 258名学生，采用中学生心理健康自评量表进行现场问卷调查，住宅邻里绿地空间采用规划植被指数(NDVI)评价。采用方差分析、Pearson相关分析和线性回归分析对住宅邻里绿地空间等相关因素与中学生心理健康关系进行分析。结果昆明市中学生心理健康总均分为(2.02±0.69)分，其中447人(37.92%)存在轻度心理健康问题，107人(8.51%)存在中度心理健康问题，12人(0.95%)存在较重的心理健康问题。不同性别、年级、家庭人均收入间的中学生心理健康得分差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为6.99，7.15，3.70，P值均 < 0.05)。相关分析显示，NDVI_250 m、NDVI_500 m、NDVI_1 000 m与中学生心理健康总分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.07，-0.09，-0.10，P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示，性别、年级、NDVI_250 m、NDVI_500 m、NDVI_1 000 m是中学生心理健康的相关因素(B值分别为0.25，0.05，-0.47，-0.67，-0.78，P值均 < 0.05)。结论昆明市中学生心理健康状况与性别、年级、住宅周围不同缓冲区的绿地空间相关。应提高居住社区绿地质量，改善青少年心理健康。
- 住房 /
- 环境 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationship between residential neighborhood green space and mental health of middle school students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for mental health promotion among of middle school students at the level of residential environment. Methods From October to December 2023, 1 258 students from three junior high schools and two general high schools in Panlong, Wuhua, Chenggong, and Guandu districts of Kunming City were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method. Conducting on-site questionnaire survey using the Mental Health Inventroy of Middle-School students, residential neighborhood green space were evaluated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between as green space in residential neighborhoods and the mental health of middle school students. Results The average mental health score of middle school students in Kunming was (2.02±0.69), of which 447 (37.92%) had mild mental health problems, 107 (8.51%) had moderate mental health problems, and 12 (0.95%) had more severe mental health problems. Mental health scores of middle school students varied significantly by gender, grade, and family income (t/F=6.99, 7.15, 3.70, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that NDVI_250 m, NDVI_500 m, and NDVI_1 000 m were all negatively correlated with the total mental health scores of middle school students (r=-0.07, -0.09, -0.10, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, grade, NDVI_250 m, NDVI_500 m, and NDVI_1 000 m were infuencing factors on the mental health of middle school students(B=0.25, 0.05, -0.47, -0.67, -0.78, P < 0.05). Conclusions Mental health of middle school students in Kunming is related to green space in different buffer zones around residences. The mental health education of middle school students should be strengthened, especially for girls and senior students, optimizing resources to reduce pressure, and improving the quality of green space in residential communities to improve the mental health of adolescents.
- Housing /
- Environment /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 昆明市中学生心理健康及各维度严重程度检出率(n=1 258)

Table 1. Detection rates of mental health and severity of each dimension among middle school students in Kunming(n=1 258)

心理健康	轻度	中度	较重	严重
强迫症状	572(45.47)	201(15.98)	16(1.27)	1(0.08)
偏执	401(31.88)	103(8.19)	23(1.83)	3(0.24)
敌对	327(25.99)	95(7.55)	32(2.54)	5(0.40)
人际关系敏感	402(31.96)	144(11.45)	14(1.11)	1(0.08)
抑郁	376(29.89)	168(13.35)	43(3.42)	9(0.72)
焦虑	390(31.00)	178(14.15)	69(5.48)	21(1.67)
学习压力感	429(34.10)	249(19.79)	97(7.71)	17(1.35)
适应不良	452(35.93)	95(7.55)	13(1.03)	2(0.16)
情绪不稳定	498(39.59)	235(18.68)	41(3.26)	4(0.32)
心理不平衡	286(22.73)	54(4.29)	20(1.59)	0
总均分	477(37.92)	107(8.51)	12(0.95)	0
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别中学生心理健康量表得分比较(x ± s)

Table 2. Comparison of MMHI-60 scores of middle school students in different groups(x ± s)

组别	选项	人数	心理健康总均分	t/F值	P值
性别	男	608	1.89±0.66	6.99	< 0.01
	女	650	2.15±0.68
独生子女	是	429	2.06±0.69	0.07	0.17
	否	829	2.01±0.68
年级	初一	368	1.91±0.70	7.15	< 0.01
	初二	325	2.00±0.73
	初三	77	1.90±0.65
	高一	238	2.12±0.62
	高二	250	2.17±0.65
家庭人均年收	< 1.5	237	2.09±0.70	3.70	0.03
入/万元	1.5~3.5	625	1.97±0.68
	>3.5	396	2.07±0.69

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表 3 中学生居住地NDVI与心理健康得分相关性(r值，n=1 258)

Table 3. Correlation between NDVI and the mental health of middle school students(r, n=1 258)

变量	NDVI_250 m	NDVI_500 m	NDVI_1 000 m	强迫症状	偏执	敌对	人际关系敏感	抑郁	焦虑	学习压力感	适应不良	情绪不稳定	心理不平衡
NDVI_500 m	0.92^**
NDVI_1 000 m	0.79^**	0.92^**
强迫症状	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02
偏执	-0.02	-0.04	-0.04	0.64^**
敌对	-0.02	-0.04	-0.05	0.57^**	0.73^**
人际关系敏感	-0.01	-0.02	-0.03	0.67^**	0.78^**	0.72^**
抑郁	-0.05	-0.07^*	-0.07^*	0.65^**	0.72^**	0.73^**	0.80^**
焦虑	-0.07^*	-0.08^**	-0.09^**	0.69^**	0.74^**	0.75^**	0.81^**	0.88^**
学习压力感	-0.12^**	-0.14^**	-0.16^**	0.55^**	0.59^**	0.60^**	0.59^**	0.65^**	0.67^**
适应不良	-0.13^**	-0.16^**	-0.18^**	0.51^**	0.67^**	0.58^**	0.64^**	0.66^**	0.64^**	0.62^**
情绪不稳定	-0.07^*	-0.09^**	-0.10^**	0.63^**	0.70^**	0.70^**	0.73^**	0.75^**	0.77^**	0.67^**	0.65^**
心理不平衡	-0.04	-0.06	-0.06^*	0.55^**	0.68^**	0.60^**	0.67^**	0.59^**	0.60^**	0.57^**	0.62^**	0.63^**
心理健康总均分	-0.07^*	-0.09^**	-0.10^**	0.77^**	0.86^**	0.84^**	0.88^**	0.90^**	0.91^**	0.79^**	0.78^**	0.87^**	0.76^**
注： ^* P < 0.05，^** P < 0.01。

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表 4 中学生心理健康相关因素多元线性回归分析(n=1 258)

Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of middle school students' mental health(n=1 258)

自变量	B值	标准误	β值	t值	P值
性别	0.25	0.04	0.18	6.65	< 0.01
年级	0.05	0.02	0.10	2.97	< 0.01
家庭人年均收入	-0.01	0.03	-0.01	-0.41	0.69
NDVI_250 m	-0.47	0.20	-0.07	-2.40	0.02
NDVI_500 m	-0.67	0.22	-0.09	-3.10	< 0.01
NDVI_1 000 m	-0.78	0.23	-0.10	-3.43	< 0.01

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