山东省中小学生维生素D营养状况及相关因素分析

姜迎; 孙青; 梁争艳; 宋柬; 张迎修

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024291

山东省中小学生维生素D营养状况及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024291

姜迎¹,
孙青^2, ,,
梁争艳¹,
宋柬¹,
张迎修¹

1.
山东省疾病预防控制中心食品与营养所，济南 250014
2.
山东大学附属儿童医院(济南市儿童医院)临床营养科

基金项目:

山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目

山东省中医药科技项目 M-2023252

详细信息

作者简介:
姜迎(1986-)，男，山东潍坊人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事营养健康与食品安全工作

通讯作者:
孙青，E-mail: cyansq@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R193 R591.44
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- 文章访问数: 194
- HTML全文浏览量: 75
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-19
- 修回日期: 2024-07-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Analysis of vitamin D nutritional status and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Shandong Province

1.
Institute of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan (250014), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解山东省中小学生维生素D营养状况及影响因素，为制定有针对性的维生素缺乏干预措施提供参考。方法于2021年1—9月，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，对山东省内3 539名中小学生开展问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测，并对其维生素D营养状况和相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果中小学生血清维生素D为(17.56±6.65)ng/mL，维生素D缺乏和不足率为67.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生(OR=1.95)、初中生(OR=2.14)、高中生(OR=2.36)维生素D缺乏和不足风险较高，沿海地区(OR=0.54)、夏秋季节体检(OR=0.74)、蛋类每天摄入≥35 g(OR=0.53)、户外活动时间60~120和>120 min(OR值分别为0.63，0.48)的学生维生素D缺乏和不足风险较低(P值均 < 0.05)。结论山东省中小学生维生素D营养状况不佳；应采取加强营养宣教、增加合理膳食、延长户外活动时间等干预措施，进一步改善中小学生维生素D营养状况。
- 维生素D /
- 营养状况 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To determine the nutritional status and associated factors of vitamin D in primary and middle school students in Shandong Province, so as to provide reference for developing targeted vitamin deficiency interventions. Methods From January to September 2021, using multi-stage stratified random sampling, physical examinations and laboratory tests were carried out among 3 539 primary and middle school students in Shandong Province. Associated factors of vitamin D were analyzed by Logsitc regression analysis. Results The average vitamin D level among primary and middle school students was (17.56±6.65) ng/mL, while the deficiency and severe deficiency rate was 67.4%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls (OR=1.95), students in junior high school (OR=2.14) and senior high school (OR=2.36) were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency (P < 0.05). Students from coastal areas (OR=0.54), physical examination in summer and autumn (OR=0.74), and 35 g of egg intake per day (OR=0.53), and with outdoor activity time greater than 60-120 min and >120 min (OR=0.63, 0.48) had lower risk of vitamin D deficiency (P < 0.05). Conclusions The nutritional status of vitamin D among elementary and secondary school students in Shandong Province warrants further attention. Intervention measures such as nutritional education, healthy diet and prolonging outdoor activities should be promoted in primary and middle school students.
- Vitamin D /
- Nutritional status /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同组别中小学生血清维生素D水平比较(ng/mL，x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of serum vitamin D levels of primary and middle school students in different groups(ng/mL, x±s)

组别	选项	人数	维生素D水平	t/F值	P值
性别	男	1 784	18.71±6.76	10.58	< 0.01
	女	1 755	16.39±6.33
城乡	城市	1 626	18.32±6.65	6.33	< 0.01
	农村	1 913	16.91±6.58
学段	高中	557	16.18±6.77	65.98	< 0.01
	初中	728	15.69±6.19
	小学	2 254	18.50±6.58
海陆	沿海	1 353	19.17±6.72	11.43	< 0.01
	内陆	2 186	16.56±6.40
季节	冬春	2 970	17.17±6.69	-5.92	< 0.01
	夏秋	569	19.58±6.07

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表 2 不同组别中小学生维生素D缺乏和不足率比较

Table 2. Comparison of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rates among primary and middle school students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	缺乏和不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 784	1 083(60.7)	72.52	< 0.01
	女	1 755	1 301(74.1)
城乡	城市	1 626	1 025(63.0)	25.60	< 0.01
	农村	1 913	1 359(71.0)
海陆地区	沿海	1 353	782(57.8)	91.18	< 0.01
	内陆	2 186	1 602(73.3)
学段	高中	557	423(75.9)	89.47	< 0.01
	初中	728	569(78.2)
	小学	2 254	1 392(61.8)
体检季节	冬春	2 970	2 074(69.8)	51.18	< 0.01
	夏秋	569	310(54.5)
每日动物性食物	不吃	378	309(81.7)	89.77	< 0.01
摄入/g	< 50	632	487(77.1)
	50~100	1 761	1 125(63.9)
	>100	768	463(60.3)
每日蛋类	不吃	1 324	1 006(76.0)	111.23	< 0.01
摄入/g	< 35	782	553(70.7)
	≥35	1 433	825(57.6)
户外活动时间/	< 30	607	455(75.0)	49.01	< 0.01
(min·d^-1)	30~ < 60	875	629(71.9)
	60~120	1 233	810(65.7)
	>120	824	490(59.5)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 中小学生维生素D营养状况相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=3 539)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with vitamin D nutritional status in primary and middle school students (n=3 539)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
性别	女	0.67	0.08	79.08	< 0.01	1.95(1.69~2.27)
海陆	沿海	-0.62	0.10	35.79	< 0.01	0.54(0.44~0.66)
学段	高中	0.86	0.17	25.14	< 0.01	2.36(1.93~2.89)
	初中	0.76	0.26	8.82	< 0.01	2.14(1.72~2.66)
体检季节	夏秋	-0.31	0.12	7.05	< 0.01	0.74(0.59~0.92)
每日蛋类摄入/g	< 35	-0.11	0.08	1.95	0.12	0.89(0.53~1.15)
	≥35	-0.63	0.09	46.65	< 0.01	0.53(0.22~0.86)
户外活动时间/	30~ < 60	-0.02	0.10	0.03	0.77	0.98(0.67~1.32)
(min·d^-1)	60~120	-0.46	0.07	40.74	< 0.01	0.63(0.42~0.86)
	>120	-0.73	0.84	9.65	< 0.01	0.48(0.24~0.67)

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