大学生进食障碍亚临床状态及相关因素分析

张也; 韩婷; 姚宏雯; 孙丽萍; 赵旻欣; 朱陆姣; 张菁菁; 廖月霞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024247

大学生进食障碍亚临床状态及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024247

扬州大学护理学院/公共卫生学院，江苏 225009

基金项目:

2023年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目 SJCX23_2040

2023年江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目 XCX20230886

详细信息

作者简介:
张也(2000-)，女，江苏徐州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童保健

通讯作者:
廖月霞，E-mail：yxliao@yzu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.1 G444
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- 文章访问数: 233
- HTML全文浏览量: 88
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-27
- 修回日期: 2024-06-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Analysis of sub-clinical eating disorders and associated factors in college students

School of Nursing/School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou (225009), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查大学生的进食障碍亚临床状态并分析其相关因素, 为青少年进食障碍的防治工作提供参考依据。方法 2023年11—12月采用分层整群随机抽样法在江苏省扬州市1所本科院校和1所专科院校选取5 201名在读大学生为研究对象，使用调查表对大学生一般资料、进食障碍亚临床状态、体形认知、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、心理健康素养进行调查。采用χ²检验进行进食障碍亚临床状态检出率的组间比较，相关因素分析采用二元Logistic回归模型。结果大学生进食障碍亚临床状态检出率为16.0%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，处于恋爱状态(OR=1.22，95%CI=1.04~1.44)、超重和肥胖(OR值分别为2.75，3.82，95%CI值分别为2.24~3.38，2.89~5.06)、高估体形(OR=2.04，95%CI=1.68~2.49)、抑郁症状(OR=2.53，95%CI=1.99~3.21)、焦虑症状(OR=2.63，95%CI=2.16~3.20)、心理健康素养未达标(OR=1.37，95%CI=1.11~1.70)的大学生进食障碍亚临床状态风险更高，低体重(OR=0.15，95%CI=0.10~0.22)和低估体形(OR=0.37，95%CI=0.27~0.51)的大学生风险更低(P值均＜0.05)。结论大学生进食障碍亚临床状态的检出率较高，并与恋爱状态、体质量指数分级、体形认知、抑郁症状、焦虑症状及心理健康素养相关。应采取综合性干预措施，改善大学生进食障碍亚临床状态，促进大学生身心健康。
- 进食障碍 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the sub-clinical eating disorders among college students and to analyze associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders among adolescents. Methods From November to December 2023, a total of 5 201 college students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from one undergraduate college and one specialized college in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Data on general information, sub-clinical eating disorders, body image perception, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy were collected using questionnaires. The Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of sub-clinical eating disorders between groups, and binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze associated factors. Results The detection rate of sub-clinical eating disorders among college students was 16.0%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of sub-clinical eating disorders among college students was higher in the following categories: being in a relationship (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.04-1.44), being overweight and obese (OR=2.75, 3.82, 95%CI=2.24-3.38, 2.89-5.06), overestimation of body shape (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.68-2.49), being in a depressive state (OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.99-3.21), experiencing anxiety (OR=2.63, 95%CI=2.16-3.20), and having substandard mental health literacy (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.11-1.70). Conversely, low body weight (OR=0.15, 95%CI=0.10-0.22) and underestimation of body shape (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.27-0.51) were associated with a lower risk (P < 0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of sub-clinical eating disorders among college students is high, and it is associated with relationship status, body mass index classification, body shape perception, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy. Comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the sub-clinical eating disorders and promote the physical and mental health of college students.
- Eating disorders /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别大学生进食障碍亚临床状态阳性率比较

Table 1. Comparison of sub-clinical status positive rates of eating disorders among college students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	进食障碍亚临床状态	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 747	264(15.1)	1.41	0.24
	女	3 454	566(16.4)
独生子女	是	2 222	356(16.0)	0.01	0.91
	否	2 979	474(15.9)
恋爱状态	单身	2 368	352(14.9)	3.88	< 0.05
	恋爱中	2 833	478(16.9)
既往心理史	无	4 681	734(15.7)	2.70	0.10
	有	520	96(18.5)
家庭经济负担	有负债	604	119(19.7)	7.14	0.01
	无负债	4 597	711(15.5)
BMI分级	低体重	777	33(4.2)	180.44	＜0.01
	正常	3 076	450(14.6)
	超重	837	221(26.4)
	肥胖	511	126(24.7)
体形认知	准确认知	3 268	507(15.5)	7.91	0.02
	低估体形	574	77(13.4)
	高估体形	1 359	246(18.1)
抑郁症状	无	2 175	131(6.0)	275.15	＜0.01
	有	3 026	699(23.1)
焦虑症状	无	3 147	262(8.0)	346.18	＜0.01
	有	2 054	568(27.7)
心理健康素养	达标	1 200	133(11.1)	27.64	＜0.01
	未达标	4 001	697(17.4)
注： ()内数字为阳性率/%。

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表 2 大学生进食障碍亚临床状态的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=5 201)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of sub-clinical eating disorders in college students(n=5 201)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
恋爱状态	恋爱中	0.20	0.08	5.71	0.02	1.22(1.04~1.44)
BMI分级	低体重	-1.89	0.20	92.64	＜0.01	0.15(0.10~0.22)
	超重	1.01	0.11	93.00	＜0.01	2.75(2.24~3.38)
	肥胖	1.34	0.14	88.30	＜0.01	3.82(2.89~5.06)
体形认知	低估体形	-0.99	0.16	40.32	＜0.01	0.37(0.27~0.51)
	高估体形	0.71	0.10	50.10	＜0.01	2.04(1.68~2.49)
抑郁症状	有	0.93	0.12	58.11	＜0.01	2.53(1.99~3.21)
焦虑症状	有	0.97	0.10	93.13	＜0.01	2.63(2.16~3.20)
心理健康素养	未达标	0.32	0.11	8.50	< 0.01	1.37(1.11~1.70)
注：恋爱状态以单身为参照，BMI分级以正常体重为参照，体形认知以准确认知为参照，抑郁、焦虑症状均以无为参照，心理健康素养以达标为参照。

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