北京市中小学校园近视防控健康教育现状

王尧; 秦廷廷; 谷明宇; 杨宇彤; 过君君; 李星明

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024246

北京市中小学校园近视防控健康教育现状

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024246

首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京 100069

基金项目:

北京市教育委员会委托项目 11000022T000000479091

详细信息

作者简介:
王尧(1997-)，女，北京市人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为健康管理与健康教育

通讯作者:
李星明，E-mail：libright2003@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778.1⁺¹ G478
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-26
- 修回日期: 2024-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Present situation of health education on school myopia prevention and control in primary and middle schools in Beijing

School of Public Health, Capital Normal University, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解北京市中小学开展校园近视防控健康教育的现状，为校园近视防控健康教育的有效落实提供科学依据与建议。方法于2023年11月6—17日采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，对北京市7个行政区的551名公立中小学校医与保健教师进行问卷调查，内容涉及基本信息、学校卫生工作基本情况、校园近视防控工作现状。数据采用频数与构成比进行描述，并采用χ²检验进行数据分析。结果有89.8%的调查对象所在学校开设过关于近视防控的健康教育课程，其中54.5%配备了专业的近视防控健康教育课程材料，授课教师多为班主任(57.6%)、保健教师(45.5%)和体育教师(45.1%)，授课频率多为每月1次(33.7%)和每学期1次(28.1%)。有95.6%的调查对象所在学校开展过关于近视防控的健康教育活动，活动频率多为每月1次(38.5%)和每学期1次(27.9%)。不同地区和不同类别的学校开设近视防控健康教育课程报告率及活动频率构成差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为19.53，13.15；34.30，20.32，P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京市中小学开展校园近视防控健康教育情况良好；但健康教育课程的讲授应注重由专业教师采用规范课程材料完成一定的课时量，健康教育活动的开展应形式多样，以促进校园近视防控健康教育工作有效落实。
- 近视 /
- 预防和控制 /
- 健康教育 /
- 中小学生卫生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To investigate the present situation of health education on school myopia prevention and control in primary and middle schools in Beijing, so as to provide scientific basis and suggestions for effective implementation of health education on school myopia prevention and control. Methods From November 6-17, 2023, a total of 551 school doctors and health care teachers from public primary and secondary schools in seven districts of Beijing were investigated by using stratified random cluster sampling method. The contents included basic information, the basic situation of school health work, and the status of myopia prevention and control in schools. The data was described by frequency and proportion. Chi-square test was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 89.8% of the respondents were found in the school of offering health education courses about myopia prevention and control. Among these respondents, 54.5% were equipped with health education course material of professional myopia prevention and control, and the teachers were primarily class teachers (57.6%), health care teachers (45.5%), and physical education teachers (45.1%), and most of the classes were conducted once a month (33.7%) and once a semester (28.1%). A total of 95.6% of the subjects had health education activities about myopia prevention and control at their schools. The frequency of activities was once a month (38.5%) and once a semester (27.9%). There were statistically significant differences of the report rate in setting up health education courses on myopia prevention and control, and the frequency of activities in different areas and different types of schools (χ²=19.53, 13.15, 34.30, 20.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions Health education on school myopia prevention and control in primary and middle schools in Beijing is supportive. But health education courses taught by professional teachers should pay attention to the norms of the course material to complete a certain amount of class time, and development of health education activities should be diversified, so as to effectively implement health education of myopia prevention and control at school.
- Myopia /
- Prevention and control /
- Health education /
- School health services
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表 1 不同组别学校近视防控健康教育课程授课频率与配备专业材料构成分布

Table 1. Distribution of the ratio of teaching frequency and composition professional materials for myopia prevention and control health education courses in different groups of schools

组别	选项	人数	授课频率						配备专业材料
组别	选项	人数	每周1次	每2周1次	每月1次	每季度1次	每学期1次	每学年1次	是	否	不清楚
所在地区	首都功能核心区	98	6(6.1)	9(9.2)	31(31.6)	15(15.3)	31(31.6)	6(6.1)	47(48.0)	35(35.7)	16(16.3)
	城市功能拓展区	108	10(9.3)	14(13.0)	36(33.3)	13(12.0)	29(26.9)	6(5.6)	55(50.9)	43(39.8)	10(9.3)
	城市发展新区	201	12(6.0)	28(13.9)	69(34.3)	25(12.4)	63(31.3)	4(2.0)	107(53.2)	64(31.8)	30(14.9)
	生态涵养发展区	88	12(13.6)	19(21.6)	31(35.2)	7(8.0)	16(18.2)	3(3.4)	61(69.3)	20(22.7)	7(8.0)
学校类型	小学	290	21(7.2)	42(14.5)	117(40.3)	34(11.7)	72(24.8)	4(1.4)	152(52.4)	102(35.2)	36(12.4)
	中学	132	14(10.6)	14(10.6)	29(22.0)	16(12.1)	46(34.8)	13(9.8)	76(57.6)	38(28.8)	18(13.6)
	一贯制学校	73	5(6.8)	14(19.2)	21(28.8)	10(13.7)	21(28.8)	2(2.7)	42(57.5)	22(30.1)	9(12.3)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同组别学校近视防控健康教育活动开设频率的构成比分布

Table 2. Distribution of the ratio of the frequency for health education activities on myopia prevention in different groups of schools

组别	选项	人数	每周1次	每2周1次	每月1次	每季度1次	每学期1次	每学年1次
所在地区	首都功能核心区	114	3(2.7)	3(2.7)	45(40.9)	32(29.1)	25(22.7)	2(1.8)
	城市功能拓展区	131	7(5.7)	13(10.6)	49(39.8)	15(12.2)	35(28.3)	4(3.3)
	城市发展新区	217	18(8.7)	18(8.7)	68(33.0)	28(13.6)	66(32.0)	6(3.9)
	生态涵养发展区	89	3(3.4)	11(12.5)	41(46.6)	10(11.4)	21(23.9)	2(2.3)
学校类别	小学	310	21(7.0)	32(10.7)	117(39.3)	45(15.1)	77(25.8)	6(2.0)
	中学	151	7(4.9)	9(6.3)	44(30.8)	26(18.2)	48(33.6)	9(6.3)
	一贯制学校	90	3(3.5)	4(4.7)	42(48.8)	14(16.3)	22(25.6)	1(1.2)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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