大学生体育锻炼行为与家庭教养方式和心理韧性的相关性

赵仁达; 于吉浩; 郭家瑞; 王相英

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024240

大学生体育锻炼行为与家庭教养方式和心理韧性的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024240

山东师范大学体育学院，济南 250399

基金项目:

2020年度国家社会科学基金项目 20BTY087

详细信息

作者简介:
赵仁达(1997-)，男，山东泰安人，硕士，主要研究方向为体育教学

通讯作者:
王相英，E-mail: 86102318@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G78 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-07
- 修回日期: 2024-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Correlation between physical exercise and parenting styles, and psychological resilience of college students

School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan(250399), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究大学生体育锻炼行为与家庭教养方式和心理韧性的关联，为改善大学生体育锻炼现状提供指导。方法于2022年9月10日—2023年1月6日，采用分层随机抽样与方便抽样相结合的方法抽取济南市3所综合性大学1 227名大学生开展调查。通过体育活动等级量表、中文版简式父母教养方式量表(s-EMBU-C)、心理韧性量表评估大学生体育锻炼行为、家庭教养方式、心理韧性，采用Pearson相关分析法、二元Logistic回归及线性回归分析家庭教养方式和心理韧性对体育锻炼行为的影响。结果被调查大学生体育锻炼量为小运动量815名(66.42%)、中等运动量308名(25.10%)、大运动量104名(8.48%)，体育活动等级量表总分为(22.15±0.72)分。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别(OR=1.58，95%CI=1.07~2.33)、是否体育特长生(OR=1.61，95%CI=1.17~2.22)均为大学生体育锻炼运动量分级的相关因素(P值均 < 0.05)。线性回归分析显示，s-EMBU-C(母亲版、父亲版)情感温暖维度、s-EMBU-C(母亲版)总分、积极认知、情绪控制、青少年心理韧性量表总分均为大学生体育锻炼运动量得分的相关因素(β值分别为0.29，0.20，0.26，0.32，0.15，0.20，P值均 < 0.05)。结论大学生体育锻炼行为与性别、是否为体育特长生、家庭教养方式、心理韧性密切相关。高校可通过联合父母督促及心理辅导等途径，促成大学生体育锻炼行为改变。
- 身体锻炼 /
- 教育 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between physical exercise and parenting styles, and psychological resilience among college students, in order to provide guidance for improving college students' physical exercise status. Methods From September 10, 2022 to January 6, 2023, 1 227 students from three comprehensive universities in Jinan were selected for investigation using a stratified random sampling and convenient sampling method. Physical exercise was assessed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, parenting style was evaluated with the short-Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese (s-EMBU-C), and psychological resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA). The influence of parenting style and psychological resilience on physical exercise was explored by Pearson correlation analysis, linear and Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 815 (66.42%) engaged in low-intensity exercise, 308 (25.10%) in moderate-intensity exercise, and 104 (8.48%) in high-intensity exercise. The total score on the Physical Activity Rating Scale was (22.15±0.72). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.07-2.33) and whether the student was a sports specialist (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.17-2.22) were the related factors for college students' physical exercise classification(P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that emotional warmth dimensions of the s-EMBU-C (mother version and father version), the total score of s-EMBU-C(mother version), positive cognition, emotional control and the total score of RSCA all affected the physical activity level of college students (β=0.29, 0.20, 0.26, 0.32, 0.15, 0.20, P < 0.05). Conclusions College students' physical exercise behavior is closely related to gender, sports specialization, parenting styles, and psychological resilience. Colleges and universities can promote changes in physical exercise behavior among college students through joint parental supervision and psychological counseling.
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Education /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别大学生体育锻炼运动量分级构成比较

Table 1. Comparison of graded composition ratios of physical exercise classification in different groups of college students

组别	选项	人数	小	中等	大	χ²值
性别	男	521	309(59.31)	149(28.60)	63(12.09)	25.28^**
	女	706	506(71.67)	159(22.52)	41(5.81)
年级	大一	481	320(66.53)	120(24.95)	41(8.52)	0.33
	大二	410	275(67.07)	100(24.39)	35(8.54)
	大三	336	220(65.48)	88(26.19)	28(8.33)
体育特长生	是	58	31(53.45)	17(29.31)	10(17.24)	7.49^*
	否	1 169	784(67.07)	291(24.89)	94(8.04)
生源地	城市	708	482(68.08)	172(24.29)	54(7.63)	2.55
	农村	519	333(64.16)	136(26.20)	50(9.63)
家庭情况	完整	1 055	700(66.35)	265(25.12)	90(8.53)	0.04
	重组	72	48(66.67)	18(25.00)	6(8.33)
	单亲	88	59(67.05)	22(25.00)	7(7.95)
	其他	12	8(66.67)	3(25.00)	1(8.33)
独生子女	是	521	349(66.99)	130(24.95)	42(8.06)	0.24
	否	706	466(66.01)	178(25.21)	62(8.78)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%；P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 2 不同运动量大学生s-EMBU-C、心理韧性得分比较(x ± s)

Table 2. Comparison of s-EMBU-C and mental toughness scores among college students with different physical exercise(x ± s)

运动量	人数	s-EMBU-C母亲版			s-EMBU-C父亲版			心理韧性
运动量	人数	情感温暖	过度保护	拒绝	情感温暖	过度保护	拒绝	积极认知	情绪控制	家庭支持	目标专注	人际协助
小	815	19.78±3.17	14.11±2.99	6.51±1.66	17.52±4.01	11.23±2.76	5.01±1.23	10.96±3.01	17.52±4.36	17.63±5.77	15.23±2.77	14.44±3.26
中等	308	21.14±4.79	16.52±4.07	7.52±2.11	19.35±3.14	13.52±3.11	5.98±0.97	14.33±2.77	19.52±3.54	21.49±4.14	17.63±3.66	19.78±3.69
大	104	23.36±3.25	18.55±5.14	8.79±1.55	21.52±2.57	16.87±3.59	7.11±1.23	16.23±3.15	22.14±2.79	23.67±3.11	19.35±4.01	21.63±5.22
F值		52.16	107.64	96.64	69.67	207.48	193.54	246.53	75.14	104.37	123.48	370.97
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 大学生体育锻炼行为与家庭教养方式和心理韧性的相关性(r值，n=1 227)

Table 3. Correlation between physical exercise behavior and family rearing style and mental toughness of college students(r, n=1 227)

变量	s-EMBU-C母亲版				s-EMBU-C父亲版				心理韧性
变量	情感温暖	过度保护	拒绝	总分	情感温暖	过度保护	拒绝	总分	积极认知	情绪控制	家庭支持	目标专注	人际协助	总分
锻炼时间	0.03	0.26^*	0.00	0.06	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.02	-0.02	0.04	0.50^**	0.03	-0.02	0.27^*
锻炼强度	0.03	0.26^*	0.01	0.26^*	0.05	0.05	0.32^**	0.40^**	0.05	0.05	-0.03	0.48^**	0.06	0.48^**
锻炼频率	0.27^*	0.01	0.04	0.27^*	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.27^*
体育锻炼行为总分	0.26^*	0.05	0.04	0.49^**	0.05	0.26^*	0.27^*	0.49^**	0.02	0.07^*	0.05	0.48^**	0.02	0.51^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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