学龄前儿童体质量指数和视屏暴露与执行功能的关联

周杨; 李若瑜; 查金红; 吴峻; 万宇辉; 黄永玲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024232

学龄前儿童体质量指数和视屏暴露与执行功能的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024232

周杨¹,
李若瑜²,
查金红²,
吴峻²,
万宇辉^{1, 2},
黄永玲^{1, 3, ,}

1.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院健康促进与行为科学系, 合肥 230032
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
3.
安徽省妇女儿童保健中心儿童保健科

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82273652

安徽省自然科学基金项目 2208085Y23

详细信息

作者简介:
周杨(2001-)，男，安徽马鞍山人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康促进

通讯作者:
黄永玲，E-mail: 357868365@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q427 R339.3⁺⁵ F764.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-11
- 修回日期: 2024-05-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Associations among body mass index, screen exposure, and executive function in preschool children

ZHOU Yang¹,
LI Ruoyu²,
ZHA Jinhong²,
WU Jun²,
WAN Yuhui^{1, 2},
HUANG Yongling^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析安徽省学龄前儿童体质量指数(BMI)、学习/游戏视屏暴露与执行功能的关联，为促进学龄前儿童执行功能发展提供依据。方法于2022年6月，采用分层整群抽样与方便抽样相结合的方法对安徽省芜湖市、六安市和阜阳市3 534名学龄前儿童母亲进行问卷调查，采用执行功能行为评定问卷(BRIEF-P)调查学龄前儿童执行功能异常状况，使用二元Logistic回归分析儿童BMI、学习/游戏视屏暴露及其联合作用与执行功能异常的关联。结果学龄前儿童执行功能异常检出率为9.65%。Logistic回归模型分析显示，在调整母亲妊娠期高血压、主要照料人、家庭人均月收入和家庭结构等混杂因素后，超重肥胖组、高学习/游戏视屏暴露组儿童执行功能异常风险显著增加(超重肥胖：OR=1.78，95%CI=1.31~2.42；学习视屏暴露：OR=1.48，95%CI=1.18~1.86；游戏视屏暴露：OR=1.50，95%CI=1.18~1.91，P值均 < 0.05)。与BMI正常且低学习/游戏视屏暴露组相比，超重肥胖且高学习/游戏视屏暴露组发生执行功能异常风险显著增加(OR=2.07，95%CI=1.29~3.31；OR=2.42，95%CI=1.59~3.68，P值均 < 0.05)。结论超重肥胖和高学习/游戏视屏暴露是学龄前儿童执行功能异常症状的重要危险因素，应积极引导学龄前儿童养成良好的生活习惯以促进执行功能正常发展。
- 人体质量指数 /
- 注视, 眼 /
- 执行功能 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To analyze the associations among body mass index (BMI), learning screen/gaming screen exposure and executive function in preschool children in Anhui Province, so as to provide a basis for promoting the development of executive function in preschool children. Methods In June 2022, a stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods were used to survey 3 534 mothers of preschool children in Wuhu City, Lu'an City, and Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) was used to assess the preschool children's executive function abnormalities. Binary Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships among BMI, learning screen/gaming screen exposure, and their combined effects on executive function abnormalities. Results The detection rate of abnormal executive function in preschool children was 9.65%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, primary caregivers, family per capita monthly income and family structure, the risk of abnormal executive function of children in overweight/obesity group and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure group increased significantly (overweight/obesity: OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.31-2.42, learning screen exposure: OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.18-1.86, gaming screen exposure: OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91, P < 0.05). Compared with children with normal BMI and low learning screen/gaming screen screen exposure, those with both overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure had a significantly greater risk of executive function abnormalities (OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.29-3.31; OR=2.42, 95%CI=1.59-3.68, P < 0.05). Conclusions Overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure are important risk factors for executive function abnormalities in preschool children. Therefore, actively guiding preschool children to develop healthy life habits to promote the normal development of their executive functions is essential.
- Body mass index /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Executive function /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别学龄前儿童执行功能异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of executive function abnormalities in preschool children with different characteristics

组别	选项	人数	执行功能异常	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 804	180(10.0)	0.46	0.50
	女	1 730	161(9.3)
母亲妊娠期高血压	无	3 428	322(9.4)	8.58	＜0.01
	有	106	19(17.9)
主要照料人	母亲	2 736	244(8.9)	7.43	＜0.01
	其他	798	97(12.2)
家庭人均月收入/元	＜6 000	1 331	156(11.7)	10.68	＜0.01
	6 000~＜10 000	1 308	107(8.2)
	≥10 000	895	78(8.7)
家庭结构	核心家庭	1 811	151(8.3)	7.62	0.02
	大家庭	1 628	178(10.9)
	其他家庭	95	12(12.6)
BMI	正常	3 156	283(9.0)	15.75	＜0.01
	超重肥胖	378	58(15.3)
学习视屏暴露	低	2 279	190(8.3)	12.67	＜0.01
	高	1 255	151(12.0)
游戏视屏暴露	低	1 462	110(7.5)	12.92	＜0.01
	高	2 072	231(11.1)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 学龄前儿童BMI、学习视屏暴露和游戏视屏暴露与执行功能关联的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=3 534]

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of the association of BMI, learning screen exposure, and gaming screen exposure with executive function in preschool children[OR(95%CI), n=3 534]

自变量	选项	执行功能	转换	抑制	情绪控制	工作记忆	组织计划
BMI	正常	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	超重肥胖	1.78(1.31~2.42)^**	1.53(1.16~2.02)^**	1.71(1.25~2.34)^**	1.54(1.16~2.05)^**	1.86(1.24~2.79)^**	0.87(0.50~1.53)
学习视屏暴露	低	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	高	1.48(1.18~1.86)^**	1.59(1.31~1.93)^**	1.44(1.15~1.82)^**	1.30(1.06~1.59)^*	1.19(0.87~1.63)	0.93(0.65~1.32)
游戏视屏暴露	低	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	高	1.50(1.18~1.91)^**	1.47(1.20~1.81)^**	1.49(1.17~1.91)^**	1.47(1.19~1.81)^**	1.74(1.24~2.44)^**	1.48(1.03~2.13)^*
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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表 3 学龄前儿童BMI与视屏暴露对执行功能的联合作用[OR值(95%CI)]

Table 3. Combined effects of BMI and screen exposure on executive function in preschool children[OR(95%CI)]

变量	执行功能异常人数	模型1	模型2
BMI+学习视屏暴露
BMI正常+低学习视屏暴露	156	1.00	1.00
BMI正常+高学习视屏暴露	127	1.60(1.25~2.04)	1.58(1.23~2.02)
超重肥胖+低学习视屏暴露	34	2.22(1.49~3.31)	2.17(1.45~3.25)
超重肥胖+高学习视屏暴露	24	2.20(1.38~3.50)	2.07(1.29~3.31)
BMI+游戏视屏暴露
BMI正常+低游戏视屏暴露	88	1.00	1.00
BMI正常+高游戏视屏暴露	195	1.65(1.27~2.14)	1.61(1.24~2.10)
超重肥胖+低游戏视屏暴露	22	2.43(1.47~4.02)	2.41(1.46~4.00)
超重肥胖+高游戏视屏暴露	36	2.59(1.71~3.92)	2.42(1.59~3.68)
注：模型1未控制混杂因素，模型2调整母亲妊娠期高血压、主要照料人、家庭人均月收入、家庭结构等混杂因素；P值均＜0.01。

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