改革开放以来中国学校健康教育发展历程

高迪思; 马迎华; 甄橙

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024230

改革开放以来中国学校健康教育发展历程

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024230

1.
北京大学医学人文学院，北京 100191
2.
北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所
3.
北京大学医史学研究中心

基金项目:

2022年度国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目 22VJXT010

详细信息

作者简介:
高迪思(1991-), 女, 湖南常德人, 博士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为学校卫生史

通讯作者:
甄橙，E-mail: zhencheng@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G627.8 G479
计量
- 文章访问数: 308
- HTML全文浏览量: 101
- PDF下载量: 71
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-06
- 修回日期: 2024-07-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Development process of school health education since China's reform and opening up

1.
School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 学校健康教育和健康促进是改革开放以来中国学校卫生工作的重点，且不同阶段均有所侧重。通过对学校卫生教育转型到学校健康教育、学校健康教育制度化、学校健康教育新理念三个阶段的回顾，梳理改革开放以来中国学校健康教育的发展历程，总结经验教训，为中国学校健康教育发展提供更具建设性意义的启示和建议。
- 健康教育 /
- 卫生政策 /
- 健康促进 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: School health education and health promotion have been the focus of China's school health work since the reform and opening up, and have been emphasized at different stages. By reviewing the problems at three different stages, namely, transformation stage of school education into the school health education stage, the institutionalization stage of school health education, and the new concept stage of school health education, the paper traces the development process of school health education in China since the reform and opening up, and summarizes the experience and reflections, so as to provide implications and suggestions for the development of school health education in China.
- Health education /
- Health policy /
- Health promotion /
- Student health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

参考文献(41)

[1]	徐苏恩. 学校卫生的主要任务是健康教育[J]. 中国学校卫生, 1995, 16(5): 321. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199505000.htm XU S E. The main task of school health is health education[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 1995, 16(5): 321. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199505000.htm
[2]	唐锡麟. "扬州会议"前后的中国学校卫生[J]. 中国学校卫生, 1999, 20(5): 323-324. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199905000.htm TANG X L. Chinese school health before and after the Yangzhou Conference[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 1999, 20(5): 323-324. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199905000.htm
[3]	ENGEL G L. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine[J]. Science, 1977, 196(4286): 129-136. doi: 10.1126/science.847460
[4]	全国学校体育卫生工作经验交流会议在扬州召开[J]. 人民教育, 1979(6): 40. The national conference on the exchange of experience in school physical education and health work was held in Yangzhou[J]. People's Educ, 1979(6): 40. (in Chinese)
[5]	宋尽贤, 廖文科. 中国学校体育30年[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2010: 16-17. SONG J X, LIAO W K. 30 years of physical education in Chinese schools[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2010: 16-17. (in Chinese)
[6]	转发《关于开展中小学卫生教育问题座谈会纪要》的通知[J]. 学校体育, 1986(6): 4-5. Notice on Forwarding the Minutes of the Symposium on Carrying out Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools[J]. China Sch Phys Educ, 1986(6): 4-5. (in Chinese)
[7]	陈实. 体育教学与健康教育相结合的试验工作进展顺利[J]. 中国学校体育, 1990, 9(5): 7-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGXT199005004.htm CHEN S. The experimental work of combining physical education teaching with health education is progressing smoothly[J]. China Sch Phys Educ, 1990, 9(5): 7-8. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGXT199005004.htm
[8]	李晋裕. 体育与健康教育相结合: 中小学体育课程改革探讨[J]. 中国学校体育, 1993, 12(5): 61-62. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGXT199305066.htm LI J Y. Integrating physical education and health education: exploration of physical education curriculum reform in primary and secondary schools[J]. China Sch Phys Educ, 1993, 12(5): 61-62. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGXT199305066.htm
[9]	张丹红, 张苏萌, 陈永生. 中国近代学校健康教育的启始[J]. 中国健康教育, 1998, 14(10): 7-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK810.004.htm ZHANG D H, ZHANG S M, CHEN Y S. The beginning of health education in modern Chinese schools[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 1998, 14(10): 7-9. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK810.004.htm
[10]	国家教育委员会, 中华人民共和国卫生部. 学校卫生工作条例[S]. 1990-06-04. State Education Commission, Ministry of Health of the PRC. Regulation on school health work[S]. 1990-06-04. (in Chinese)
[11]	中小学生健康教育基本要求(试行)[J]. 中国健康教育, 1993, 9(7): 9-12. Basic requirements for health education for primary and secondary school students (trial)[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 1993, 9(7): 9-12. (in Chinese)
[12]	中国教育改革和发展纲要[J]. 人民教育, 1993(4): 4-11. Outline of China's education reform and development[J]. People's Educ, 1993(4): 4-11. (in Chinese)
[13]	实行新工时制对全日制小学、初级中学课程(教学)计划进行调整的意见[J]. 课程·教材·教法, 1994(9): 2-5. Opinions on implementing a new work hour system to adjust the curriculum (teaching) plans of full time primary and junior high schools[J]. Curric Teach Mater Method, 1994(9): 2-5. (in Chinese)
[14]	中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 1999(21): 868-878. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDGJ200905002.htm Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on deepening education reform and comprehensively promoting quality education[J]. Gza State Counc PRC, 1999(21): 868-878. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDGJ200905002.htm
[15]	董燕华, 陈钟林, 韩颖, 等. 学校龋病一级预防中健康教育的作用[J]. 中国健康教育, 1993, 9(8): 54-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK1993Z1029.htm DONG Y H, CHEN Z L, HAN Y, et al. The role of health education in primary prevention of dental caries in schools[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 1993, 9(8): 54-56. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK1993Z1029.htm
[16]	张河川. 防痨仍是中国学校健康教育的重要内容[J]. 中国健康教育, 1996, 12(11): 4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK611.002.htm ZHANG H C. Preventing tuberculosis remains an important aspect of health education in Chinese schools[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 1996, 12(11): 4. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK611.002.htm
[17]	刘天英, 张栋. 降低大、中学生吸烟率干预对策研究(沈阳分题报告)[J]. 中国健康教育, 1994, 10(S3): 51-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK4S3.029.htm LIU T Y, ZHANG D. Research on intervention strategies for reducing smoking rates in college and middle school students (Shenyang Subtopic Report)[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 1994, 10(S3): 51-53. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK4S3.029.htm
[18]	中华人民共和国卫生部国家教委. 全国学生常见肠道蠕虫感染综合防治方案(试行)[J]. 中国学校卫生, 1992, 13(2): 78-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199202010.htm Ministry of Health of the PRC, State Education Commission. Comprehensive prevention and control program of common intestinal helminth infection among national students (trial)[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 1992, 13(2): 78-79. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS199202010.htm
[19]	关于加强预防和控制艾滋病工作的意见[J]. 中国性病艾滋病防治, 1995, 1(3): 59-62. Opinions on strengthening AIDS prevention and control[J]. Chin J STD AIDS, 1995, 1(3): 59-62. (in Chinese)
[20]	关于进一步加强血吸虫病地方病防治工作的报告[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 1996(18): 697-701. Report on further strengthening the prevention and control of schistosomiasis endemic diseases[J]. Bull State Council PRC, 1996(18): 697-701. (in Chinese)
[21]	陈贤远. 以健康教育为主线做好学校卫生工作[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2000, 21(6): 527-527. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200006092.htm CHEN X Y. Taking health education as the main line to do a good job in school hygiene work[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2000, 21(6): 527-527. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200006092.htm
[22]	高迪思. 中国中小学校健康教育嬗变研究(1979—2009)[D]. 北京: 北京大学, 2022. GAO D S. Research on the evolution of health education in Chinese primary and secondary schools (1979-2009)[D]. Beijing: Peking University, 2022. (in Chinese)
[23]	胡俊峰, 候培森. 当代健康教育与健康促进[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2006: 5. HU J F, HOU P S. Contemporary health education and health promotion[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2006: 5. (in Chinese)
[24]	林和文. 青少年性健康教育信息中心成立及项目启动[EB/OL]. (2000-07-12)[2023-11-17]. https://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2000-07/12/GB/07%5E18479%5E0%5EGMB2-111.htm. LIN H W. Establishment and project launch of the Youth Sexual Health Education Information Center[EB/OL]. (2000-07-12)[2023-11-17]. https://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2000-07/12/GB/07%5E18479%5E0%5EGMB2-111.htm. (in Chinese)
[25]	刘代政. 对中学生进行性病艾滋病健康教育的回顾与思考[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2003, 19(S1): 65-66. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YFYX2003S1037.htm LIU D Z. Review and reflection on STD AIDS health education for middle school students[J]. J Prev Med Inf, 2003, 19(S1): 65-66. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YFYX2003S1037.htm
[26]	张耀清. 广西玉林市初中生青春期性心理现状调查及学校教育实践研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2006. ZHANG Y Q. The investigation of psychosexual present status of puberty of junior middle school students of Yulin, Guangxi and the research of educational practice of schools[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2006. (in Chinese)
[27]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅关于加强学校传染病预防与控制工作的紧急通知[EB/OL]. (2001-02-26)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A17/twys_left/moe_943/moe_945/s3285/201001/t20100128_81091.html. Urgent notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools[EB/OL]. (2001-02-26)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A17/twys_left/moe_943/moe_945/s3285/201001/t20100128_81091.html. (in Chinese)
[28]	中华人民共和国教育部关于做好教育系统人感染高致病性禽流感及冬春季传染病防控工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2005-11-10)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/s3285/200511/t20051110_81036.html. Notice of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on the prevention and control of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza and infectious diseases in winter and spring in the education system[EB/OL]. (2005-11-10)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/s3285/200511/t20051110_81036.html. (in Chinese)
[29]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅卫生部办公厅关于做好学校秋季开学甲型H1N1流感防控工作的意见[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2009, 30(9): 770, 773. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200909002.htm Opinions of the General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC and the General Office of the Ministry of Health on the prevention and control of H1N1 influenza during the autumn school opening in schools[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2009, 30(9): 770, 773. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200909002.htm
[30]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅, 国家卫生健康委办公厅, 国家疾病预防控制局综合司. 关于印发高等学校、中小学校和托幼机构新型冠状病毒感染防控技术方案(第七版)的通知[EB/OL]. (2023-03-13)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/s3285/202303/t20230313_1050708.html. General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC, the General Office of the National Health Commission, the General Department of the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. Notice on printing and distributing the technical scheme for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection in universities, primary and secondary schools and kindergartens (seventh edition)[EB/OL]. (2023-03-13)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/s3285/202303/t20230313_1050708.html. (in Chinese)
[31]	张伯源. 健康促进学校实施指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1997: 136-202. ZHANG B Y. Implementation guidance for health promotion schools[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1997: 136-202. (in Chinese)
[32]	刘志学. 国家卫生计生委等十部门联合下发《关于加强健康促进与教育工作的指导意见》[J]. 中国医药导报, 2016, 13 (33): 193-194. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYCY201633051.htm LIU Z X. The National Health and Family Planning Commission and nine other departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Health Promotion and Education Work[J]. China Med Herald, 2016, 13(33): 193-194. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYCY201633051.htm
[33]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 儿童青少年肥胖防控实施方案[J]. 中国实用乡村医生杂志, 2021, 28(2): 7-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYDW202123002.htm National Health Commission of the PRC. Implementation plan for obesity prevention and control in children and adolescents[J]. Chin Pract J Rural Doct, 2021, 28(2): 7-9. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYDW202123002.htm
[34]	中华人民共和国教育部, 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 中华人民共和国国家体育总局, 等. 综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(9): 1279-1280. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201809051 Ministry of Education of the PRC, National Health Commission of the PRC, State General Administration of Sport of the PRC, et al. Implementation plan for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(9): 1279-1280. (in Chinese) http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201809051
[35]	中华人民共和国教育部关于印发《生命安全与健康教育进中小学课程教材指南》的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-11-15)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A26/s8001/202111/t20211115_579815.html. Notice of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on issuing the Guidelines for Life Safety and Health Education in Primary and Secondary School Curriculum Textbooks[EB/OL]. (2021-11-15)[2024-07-04]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A26/s8001/202111/t20211115_579815.html. (in Chinese)
[36]	中华人民共和国教育部关于印发《防范中小学生欺凌专项治理行动工作方案》的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-01-21)[2024-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3325/202101/t20210126_511115.html. Notice from the General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on issuing the Work Plan for the Special Action to Prevent Bullying among Primary and Secondary School Students[EB/OL]. (2021-01-21)[2024-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3325/202101/t20210126_511115.html. (in Chinese)
[37]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委办公厅, 中华人民共和国教育部办公厅, 国家市场监管总局办公厅, 等. 关于印发营养与健康学校建设指南的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-06-07)[2024-08-07]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-06/24/content_5620557.htm. General Office of the National Health Commission of the PRC, General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC, General Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation, et al. Notice on issuing guidelines for the construction of nutrition and health schools[EB/OL]. (2021-06-07)[2024-08-07]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-06/24/content_5620557.htm. (in Chinese)
[38]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅关于实施全国健康学校建设计划的通知[EB/OL]. (2022-04-14)[2024-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/s7059/202204/t20220424_621280.html. Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on implementing the national health school construction plan[EB/OL]. (2022-04-14)[2022-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/s7059/202204/t20220424_621280.html. (in Chinese)
[39]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅关于公布首批全国健康学校建设单位名单的通知[EB/OL]. (2023-06-13)[2024-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_946/202306/t20230621_1065227.html. Notice from the General Office of the Ministry of Education of the PRC on the announcement of the first batch of national healthy school construction units[EB/OL]. (2023-06-13)[2024-08-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_946/202306/t20230621_1065227.html. (in Chinese)
[40]	刘培俊. 中国儿童青少年健康促进发展方式的历史性转变[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2024, 45(1): 11-15. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024036 LIU P J. Historical transformation of healthy promotion patterns among children and adolescents in China[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2024, 45(1): 11-15. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024036
[41]	肖子华. 健康第一, 学习第二: 毛泽东关于解决学生健康问题方针的背景、内涵和启示[J]. 人口与社会, 2021, 37(4): 24-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJRQ202104006.htm XIAO Z H. Health first, study second: the background, connotation and enlightenment of Mao Zedong's policy on solving students' health problems[J]. Popul Soc, 2021, 37(4): 24-34. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJRQ202104006.htm