上海市中学生饮食行为与睡眠时长的关联

殷小雅; 翟娅妮; 袁琳琳; 严琼; 周欣怡; 罗春燕; 孙力菁

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024202

上海市中学生饮食行为与睡眠时长的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024202

上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所，200336

基金项目:

上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)优秀学科带头人 GWVI-11.2-XD14

详细信息

作者简介:
殷小雅(1995-)，女，甘肃兰州人，硕士，初级医师，主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
罗春燕，E-mail：luochunyan@scdc.sh.cn

孙力菁，E-mail：sunlijing@scdc.sh.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.1 Q428
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-16
- 修回日期: 2024-04-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Association between dietary habits and sleep duration among middle school students in Shanghai

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai (200336), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究上海市中学生饮食行为与睡眠时长的关联，为针对中学生睡眠不足开展干预提供可参考的饮食建议。方法于2021年5—6月，采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取10~17岁中学生进行健康危险行为监测，获5 538份有效数据，提取每天的睡眠时长、每周吃(喝)含糖饮料、鲜榨果汁、新鲜水果、新鲜蔬菜、油炸食物、牛奶和酸奶、早餐、在外就餐的次数等条目的调查结果，采用χ²检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归模型进行统计学分析。结果上海市中学生睡眠不足的学生报告率为73.7%。中学生平均每天吃新鲜水果、早餐的次数和睡眠时长之间均呈正相关，即平均每天吃新鲜水果的次数越多(OR=1.29)，吃早餐的次数越多(OR=1.07)，睡眠充足的可能性越高；平均每天吃甜点(OR=0.78)和油炸食物(OR=0.88)的次数和睡眠时长之间均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论多吃新鲜水果、规律吃早餐和少吃油炸食物有助于中学生获得充足的睡眠。对中学生的睡眠开展干预时，可以考虑将健康合理的膳食摄入作为干预手段之一。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 睡眠 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between dietary behaviors and sleep duration among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for interventions targeting insufficient sleep. Methods From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select a sample of 10-17-year-old middle school students for monitoring their health-risk behaviors. A total of 5 538 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey included items such as daily sleep duration, weekly consumption of sugary beverages, freshly squeezed fruit juice, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fried foods, milk and yogurt, breakfast habits, and frequency of eating outside. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and multivariable Logistic regression model. Results About 73.7% of middle school students reported insufficient sleep in Shanghai. There was a positive correlation between the average daily consumption of fresh fruits and breakfast consumption with sleep duration. In other words, a higher frequency of consuming fresh fruits (OR=1.29) and eating breakfast (OR=1.07) were associated with a higher likelihood of sufficient sleep. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between the frequency of consuming desserts (OR=0.78) and fried foods (OR=0.88) and sleep duration (P < 0.05). Conclusions Increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and maintaining regular breakfast habits while reducing the intake of fried foods can contribute to achieving sufficient sleep among middle school students. When implementing interventions to improve sleep among middle school students, promoting healthy and balanced diets can be considered as one of the intervention strategies.
- Food habits /
- Sleep /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别中学生睡眠不足报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the rate of insufficient sleep among students of different groups

组别	选项	人数	睡眠不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 955	2 051(69.4)	60.01	< 0.01
	女	2 583	2 031(78.6)
学段	初中	3 206	2 862(89.3)	1 312.80	< 0.01
	高中	1 542	998(64.7)
	中职	790	222(28.1)
就读方式	住校	684	277(40.5)	442.23	< 0.01
	走读	4 854	3 805(78.4)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 不同性别睡眠是否充足中学生各类饮食日均摄入次数比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 2. Comparison of daily average intake of various diets under adequately sleep among middle school students of different genders[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

性别	睡眠	人数	统计值	含糖饮料	新鲜水果	甜点	油炸食物	新鲜蔬菜	早餐	牛奶和酸奶	在外就餐
男	不足	2 051		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.14)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 2.00)	1.00(1.00, 1.00)	1.00(0.57, 1.00)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)
	充足	904		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.57)	0.14(0, 0.57)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(1.00, 2.00)	1.00(1.00, 1.00)	1.00(0.57, 1.00)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)
			Z值	-1.55	-2.38	-4.23	-0.75	-5.39	-1.22	-3.40	-4.72
			P值	0.12	0.02	< 0.01	0.45	< 0.01	0.22	< 0.01	< 0.01
女	不足	2 031		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.57)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(1.00, 2.00)	1.00(1.00, 1.00)	0.57(0.57, 1.00)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)
	充足	552		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.57)	0.14(0, 0.57)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(1.00, 2.00)	1.00(0.86, 1.00)	1.00(0.57, 1.00)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)
			Z值	-1.53	-0.44	-3.29	-0.39	-1.81	-1.70	-5.12	-2.43
			P值	0.13	0.66	< 0.01	0.70	0.07	0.09	< 0.01	0.01
总体	不足	4 082		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.57)	0.14(0.14, 0.57)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(1.00, 2.00)	1.00(1.00, 1.00)	1.00(0.57, 1.00)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)
	充足	1 456		0.14(0, 0.57)	1.00(0.57, 1.57)	0.14(0, 0.57)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)	1.00(1.00, 2.00)	1.00(1.00, 1.00)	1.00(0.57, 1.00)	0.57(0.14, 0.57)
			Z值	-2.09	-2.59	-5.59	-0.45	-5.87	-2.56	-5.09	-5.82
			P值	0.04	0.01	< 0.01	0.65	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 中学生饮食行为和睡眠时长之间关联的Logistic回归分析(n=5 538)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the association between dietary habits and sleep duration of middle school students(n=5 538)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
含糖饮料	0.03	0.11	0.30	1.03(0.83~1.29)	0.76
水果	0.26	0.05	5.34	1.29(1.18~1.42)	< 0.01
甜点	-0.24	0.12	-2.03	0.78(0.62~0.99)	0.04
油炸食物	-0.13	0.06	-2.24	0.88(0.78~0.98)	0.02
新鲜蔬菜	-0.10	0.09	-1.14	0.91(0.76~1.07)	0.25
早餐	0.07	0.02	2.95	1.07(1.02~1.13)	< 0.01
牛奶和酸奶	-0.08	0.06	-1.22	0.93(0.82~1.05)	0.22
在外就餐	0.10	0.09	1.12	1.11(0.92~1.33)	0.26

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