24 h活动行为对幼儿基本运动技能的影响

石晓峰; 刘瑞祥

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024190

24 h活动行为对幼儿基本运动技能的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024190

山西大学体育学院，太原 030006

基金项目:

山西省“1331工程”重点创新团队建设计划项目 1331KIRT

详细信息

作者简介:
石晓峰(1979-)，男，山西太原人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为身体活动与动作技能促进、学校体育学

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G804.49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-21
- 修回日期: 2024-04-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Impact of 24 h movement behaviors on fundamental motor skills in preschool children

College of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan (030006), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究24 h活动行为(身体活动、睡眠和屏幕时间)与幼儿基本运动技能(FMS)之间的关系，为保证儿童动作技能的长期发展提供参考和依据。方法于2022年3月，采用方便抽样和分层整群随机抽样相结合的方法从太原市6个城区中6所幼儿园抽取607名3~5岁幼儿作为研究对象，进行基线测试收集幼儿24 h活动行为和FMS数据；于2023年3月进行1年后的随访测试，收集幼儿FMS数据。采用第3版基本动作技能测试(TGMD-3)测量幼儿FMS水平；采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量幼儿的身体活动和睡眠时间，由家长报告屏幕时间。采用皮尔逊相关性分析、分层回归分析和二元Logistic回归分析24 h活动行为对幼儿FMS的影响。结果基线结果显示，基线身体活动总量(TPA)与基线操控技能、移动技能和TGMD-3总分均呈正相关(β值分别为0.40，3.87，4.27，P值均 < 0.01)。1年后随访结果显示，基线低强度身体活动(LPA)和屏幕时间与1年后的TGMD-3总分增加均呈负相关(β值分别为-1.93，-0.79)；基线中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、TPA和睡眠时间与1年后的TGMD-3总分增加均呈正相关(β值分别为4.62，4.51，3.19)(P值均 < 0.01)。1年后随访结果显示，与不满足任何1项24 h活动行为指南相比，满足任意2项和3项指南的幼儿动作技能合格率均升高(OR值分别为2.31，3.32，P值均 < 0.01)。结论 MVPA和充足的睡眠可对幼儿1年后的FMS提高产生积极影响，而LPA与较长的屏幕时间对幼儿1年后的FMS提高产生消极影响。学校和家庭应保证幼儿满足24 h活动行为指南推荐标准，促进其FMS的长期发展。
- 运动活动 /
- 运动技能 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between 24 h movement behaviors (physical activity, sleep, and screen time) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) in preschool children, in order to provide the reference and basis for ensuring the long-term development of children's motor skills. Methods A total of 607 children aged 3 to 5 years old were selected from 6 kindergartens of 6 urban districts in Taiyuan in March 2022, through a combination of convenient sampling and stratified cluster random sampling method, and the baseline test was conducted to collect data on the children's 24 h movement behaviors and FMS; the follow-up test after one year was carried out in March 2023 to collect FMS data. The test of gross motor development-3rd was used to assess the children's FMS levels. Physical activity and sleep duration were measured using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, while screen time was reported by parents. Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchial and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of 24 h movement behavior with FMS. Results The results of baseline showed that total of physical activity (TPA) at baseline was positively associated with manipulation skills, mobility skills and total score of TGMD-3 (β=0.40, 3.87, 4.27, P < 0.01). The follow-up results after one year indicated that low-intensity physical activity (LPA) and screen time at baseline were negatively associated with increased TGMD-3 scores one year later (β=-1.93, -0.79, P < 0.01). Conversely, baseline moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), TPA and sleep duration were positively associated with increased TGMD-3 scores after one year (β=4.62, 4.51, 3.19, P < 0.01). The follow-up results showed that meeting 2 or 3 items of the 24 h movement behavior guidelines was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of achieving motor skill proficiency (OR=2.31, 3.32, P < 0.01) compared to not meeting any 24 h movement behavior guideline after one year. Conclusions MVPA and enough sleep could positively affect FMS improvement, whereas LPA and long screen time could negatively affect FMS improvement at one year follow-up. Schools and families should ensure that preschool children meet the recommended standards of the 24 h movement behavioral guidelines to promote long-term development of FMS.
- Motor activity /
- Motor skills /
- Growth and development /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
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表 1 幼儿24 h活动行为与FMS相关性分析(r值，n=493)

Table 1. Correlation analysis between 24 h movement behaviors and FMS in preschool children (r, n=493)

24 h活动行为	基线			1年后随访
24 h活动行为	操控技能	移动技能	TGMD-3总分	操控技能	移动技能	TGMD-3总分
LPA	-0.14	-0.18	-0.15	-0.06	-0.07	-0.07
MVPA	0.51^**	0.59^**	0.56^**	0.55^**	0.56^**	0.55^*
TPA	0.51^**	0.54^**	0.53^**	0.59^**	0.63^**	0.60
睡眠	0.63^*	0.50^*	0.58^*	0.60^**	0.66^*	0.68^**
屏幕时间	-0.62^**	-0.50^*	-0.52^**	-0.68^*	-0.63^**	-0.65^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 2 幼儿24 h活动行为与基线FMS之间的关联(n=607)

Table 2. Association between 24 h movement behaviors and baseline FMS in preschool children(n=607)

自变量	操控技能			移动技能			TGMD-3总分
自变量	β值	标准误	P值	β值	标准误	P值	β值	标准误	P值
LPA	-1.61	1.35	0.31	-2.05	1.31	0.11	-3.79	-3.66	0.08
MVPA	0.81	2.91	< 0.01	3.50	1.10	< 0.01	4.31	1.87	< 0.01
TPA	0.40	2.43	< 0.01	3.87	1.15	< 0.01	4.27	1.57	< 0.01
睡眠	1.18	1.51	0.15	1.96	1.52	0.21	3.14	2.42	0.84
屏幕时间	-0.33	0.21	0.85	-0.36	0.21	0.08	-0.35	0.33	0.23

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表 3 幼儿24 h活动行为与1年后FMS之间的关联(n=493)

Table 3. Association between 24-hour movement behaviors and FMS one year later in preschoolers(n=493)

自变量	操控技能			移动技能			TGMD-3总分
自变量	β值	标准误	P值	β值	标准误	P值	β值	标准误	P值
LPA	-1.73	1.71	0.32	-2.18	1.62	< 0.01	-1.93	1.79	< 0.01
MVPA	1.31	1.26	0.42	4.11	2.91	< 0.01	4.62	1.03	< 0.01
TPA	0.67	1.24	0.58	3.87	1.25	< 0.01	4.51	1.97	< 0.01
睡眠	0.51	2.13	0.81	3.68	1.94	< 0.01	3.19	1.64	< 0.01
屏幕时间	-0.29	0.28	< 0.01	-0.42	0.26	0.11	-0.79	0.36	< 0.01

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