北京市中小学生传染病相关知识行为水平

徐文婕; 白承续; 陈东妮; 吴双胜; 郭欣; 杨鹏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024183

北京市中小学生传染病相关知识行为水平

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024183

北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所，100013

基金项目:

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目学科骨干-01-004

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目领军人才-01-09

详细信息

作者简介:
徐文婕(1986-)，女，甘肃省人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

通讯作者:
吴双胜，E-mail：wushuangsheng0606@126.com

郭欣，E-mail：gguoxin2000@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R181.3 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-14
- 修回日期: 2024-03-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Knowledge and practice levels of infectious disease among primary and middle school students in Beijing

Department of School Health, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析北京市中小学生传染病相关知识和行为水平，为在学校开展有针对性的传染病健康教育和提高学校传染病防控水平提供依据。方法于2020年10—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法从北京市各区(6个城区、10个郊区)共抽取25 670名中小学生，采用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的学生健康状况影响因素调查表开展学生传染病防控相关知识和行为的问卷调查。组间比较采用χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果北京市中小学生调查前2周内因病缺勤率为8.64%，对传染病相关知识的知晓率为37.64%~93.56%，相关行为形成率为62.22%~98.74%。总体传染病相关知识的知晓率为58.58%，总体相关行为的形成率为78.19%，均为男生(54.14%, 73.67%)低于女生(63.25%，82.94%)、城区学生(62.88%，79.12%)高于郊区学生(55.30%，77.48%)、职业高中(职高)生(43.51%，68.13%)低于非职高生(小学：56.05%，85.19%；初中：61.66%，78.63%；高中：66.72%，72.77%)、住宿生(55.21%，71.59%)低于非住宿生(59.32%，79.64%)、与父母同住的学生(59.22%，79.30%)高于不与父母同住的学生(54.60%，71.34%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为219.08，148.95，514.34，26.44，27.12；323.26，9.91，536.11，144.32，114.15，P值均 < 0.01)。结论中小学生传染病相关知识行为水平还有待提高。应针对学校传染病防控知识和行为的薄弱环节加强健康教育，减少传染病在学校的传播和流行。
- 传染病 /
- 知识 /
- 行为 /
- 健康教育 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the knowledge and practice levels on infectious disease among primary and middle school students, so as to provide a basis for targeted infectious disease in health education and infectious disease prevention and control in schools. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 25 670 primary and middle school students from 6 urban area and 10 suburban area in Beijing from October to November in 2020. A questionnaire survey on knowledge and practice of students related to infectious disease prevention and control was conducted using the questionnaire compiled by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Chi-square test was used for group comparison. Results During the past two weeks, 8.64% students reported sickness absence. The awareness rates of knowledge on infectious disease were 37.64%-93.56%, and the formation rates of practice on infectious disease were between 62.22%-98.74%. The overall awareness rate of knowledge on infectious diseases was 58.58%, and the overall formation tate of practice on infectious disease prevention was 78.19%, with boys (54.14%, 73.67%) lower than girls (63.25%, 82.94%), urban areas (62.88%, 79.12%) higher than suburbans areas (55.30%, 77.48%), vocational high school studengs (43.51%, 68.13%) lower than non-vocational high school students (elementary school: 56.05%, 85.19%; middle school: 61.66%, 78.63%; high school: 66.72%, 72.77%), residential students (55.21%, 71.59%) lower than non-residential students (59.32%, 79.64%), students living with parents (59.22%, 79.30%) higher than those not with parents (54.60%, 71.34%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=219.08, 148.95, 514.34, 26.44, 27.12; 323.26, 9.91, 536.11, 144.32, 114.11, P < 0.05). Conclusions The levels of knowledge and practice regarding relative infectious disease among primary and middle school needs to be improved. Health education on the weak links in knowlege and practice of infectious disease prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce the incidence and transmission of infectious diseases.
- Communicable diseases /
- Knowledge /
- Behavior /
- Health education /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中小学生过去2周因病缺勤率比较

Table 1. Comparison of absene rate due to illness among different groups of primary and middle school students over the past two weeks

组别	选项	人数	因病缺勤人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	13 160	1 156(8.78)	0.67	0.41
	女	12 510	1 063(8.50)
城郊	城区	11 096	988(8.90)	1.67	0.20
	郊区	14 574	1 231(8.45)
学段	小学	8 502	697(8.20)	52.73	< 0.01
	初中	8 315	651(7.83)
	普高	5 571	481(8.63)
	职高	3 282	390(11.88)
住宿	是	4 628	389(8.41)	0.41	0.52
	否	21 042	1 830(8.70)
与父母同住	是	22 093	1 813(8.21)	38.54	< 0.01
	否	3 577	406(11.35)
注： ()内数字为缺勤率/%。

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表 2 北京市中小学生传染病相关知识知晓率、行为形成率在不同性别和学段间比较/%

Table 2. Comparison of the awareness rates of knowledge and the formation rates of practice on infectious disease among primary and middle school students across different genders and education stages in Beijing/%

题目	性别			学段					合计 (n=25 670)
题目	男 (n=13 160)	女 (n=12 510)	χ²值	小学 (n=8 502)	初中 (n=8 315)	普高 (n=5 571)	职高 (n=3 282)	χ²值	合计 (n=25 670)
知识
新型冠状病毒感染的病因	82.40	86.91	100.27	81.50	87.60	90.07	75.75	445.83	84.60
呼吸道传染病主要通过空气飞沫传播	90.72	94.90	166.67	92.74	93.99	94.97	85.92	287.65	92.76
肠道传染病主要通过不洁饮食、饮水传播	84.95	89.04	94.68	84.52	89.04	91.51	80.13	312.60	86.94
腋下体温高于37.3 ℃属于发热	42.82	47.42	54.79	45.90	46.47	47.91	34.49	175.42	45.06
接种疫苗能够预防传染病类疾病	72.55	77.36	78.88	74.41	77.47	80.69	59.81	527.03	74.90
肺结核的可疑症状是咳嗽、咳痰2周以上，或痰中带血丝	51.41	54.99	32.91	52.47	54.85	58.95	40.80	287.56	53.16
被狗抓伤或咬伤后，第一步要用肥皂和流动水冲洗伤口	52.78	59.68	123.98	61.17	54.91	53.94	49.97	154.28	56.14
乙肝可通过血液传播、性传播、垂直传播^*	33.96	41.52	156.15	37.57	41.15	38.54	27.42	191.67	37.64
艾滋病可通过血液传播、性传播、垂直传播^*	49.38	57.75	180.54	47.86	56.42	62.92	44.39	444.99	53.46
洗手有助于预防新型冠状病毒感染	91.41	95.83	208.11	95.21	94.90	92.44	87.78	256.78	93.56
洗手有助于预防流感	90.43	94.58	158.11	92.46	93.78	93.66	87.02	171.62	92.45
共用毛巾容易传染疾病	82.82	88.17	147.47	85.25	86.92	88.08	77.61	207.82	85.43
行为
疫情期间能够做到尽量不去人群密集的地方	86.69	91.29	137.95	86.37	90.23	93.09	85.25	214.14	88.94
去人群密集的地方会佩戴口罩	96.35	98.75	151.69	98.48	97.86	97.95	93.42	268.98	97.52
佩戴口罩前后都会洗手	58.74	65.89	139.59	64.64	62.73	58.93	60.27	55.14	62.22
饭前便后每次都洗手	75.22	79.06	53.67	83.99	76.44	71.84	69.80	417.05	77.09
外出回家每次都洗手	77.31	81.93	84.35	87.96	79.43	73.02	69.26	729.44	79.56
触摸宠物后每次都洗手	78.07	81.52	49.06	87.45	79.64	73.36	71.18	603.06	79.78
洗手时用流动水和肥皂(洗手液)洗	70.17	81.42	440.57	76.43	76.80	78.12	66.58	173.97	75.66
会使用七步洗手法洗手	61.96	68.64	126.18	78.82	64.44	48.16	60.91	1 400.00	65.22
在公共场所吐痰时不直接吐到地上	97.86	99.66	168.08	99.31	98.99	98.62	96.83	122.70	98.74
在公共场所咳嗽打喷嚏时会遮挡	95.82	98.86	226.62	97.95	97.63	97.18	95.00	83.68	97.30
不与他人共用毛巾	65.65	72.92	158.76	75.71	67.85	64.42	63.80	280.69	69.19
因为餐馆卫生条件不好而不去就餐	65.93	70.88	72.48	67.71	70.02	72.03	59.48	166.69	68.34
涮肉时会使用专门的筷子或夹子夹生肉	64.16	69.46	99.22	69.35	70.48	61.95	58.68	374.87	66.74
会选择口罩的类型	90.58	93.89	97.95	91.86	92.87	92.89	90.16	29.29	92.19
能分清口罩的内外	95.84	98.03	103.34	97.05	97.69	97.90	92.87	214.36	96.91
能分清口罩的上下	97.17	99.02	116.49	98.65	98.76	98.47	94.18	303.97	98.08
注： *为多选题，P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 不同组别中小学生传染病相关知识总体知晓率和行为总体形成率比较

Table 3. Comparison of the overall awareness rates of knowledge and formation rates of practice on infectious disease among different groups of primary and middle school students

组别	选项	人数	知识			行为
组别	选项	人数	总体知晓人数	χ²值	P值	总体形成人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	13 160	7 125(54.14)	219.08	< 0.01	9 695(73.67)	323.26	< 0.01
	女	12 510	7 912(63.25)			10 376(82.94)
城郊	城区	11 096	6 977(62.88)	148.95	< 0.01	8 779(79.12)	9.91	< 0.01
	郊区	14 574	8 060(55.30)			11 292(77.48)
学段	小学	8 502	4 765(56.05)	514.34	< 0.01	7 243(85.19)	536.11	< 0.01
	初中	8 315	5 127(61.66)			6 538(78.63)
	高中	5 571	3 717(66.72)			4 054(72.77)
	职高	3 282	1 428(43.51)			2 236(68.13)
住宿	是	4 628	2 555(55.21)	26.44	< 0.01	3 313(71.59)	144.32	< 0.01
	否	21 042	12 482(59.32)			16 758(79.64)
与父母同住	是	22 093	13 084(59.22)	27.12	< 0.01	17 519(79.30)	114.15	< 0.01
	否	3 577	1 953(54.60)			2 552(71.34)
注： ()内数字为知晓率或形成率/%。

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