12周中高强度健身操改善肥胖青少年代谢紊乱效果分析

李可; 李宁川; 丁一凡; 林晨; 徐美琪; 孙蕾; 王鸿伟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024178

12周中高强度健身操改善肥胖青少年代谢紊乱效果分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024178

1.
扬州大学体育学院，江苏 225127
2.
淮安市华丰技术职业学院
3.
扬州市妇幼保健院儿童康复科

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目 23YJA890009

详细信息

作者简介:
李可(2000-)，女，江苏宿迁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为运动与营养保健

通讯作者:
李宁川，E-mail: like20230307@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 R723.14 R364.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-08
- 修回日期: 2024-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Analysis of the effect of 12-week high-intensity fitness exercises on improving metabolic disorders among obese adolescents

1.
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou (225127), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析12周中高强度健身操对肥胖青少年身体成分、脂代谢及肠道菌群的影响，为改善肥胖青少年健康水平提供参考。方法于2023年1—6月，招募淮安市华丰职业技术学校20名肥胖青少年纳入研究，采用随机数字表法将受试者分配到运动组(10名)和对照组(10名)，进行为期12周运动干预，两组干预期间进食相同。运动组每周进行3次运动，以中高强度的有氧运动配合高强度间歇为主，第1周30 min有氧运动，以后每周在总干预时间中有10 min高强度间歇训练，其余时间皆进行有氧运动，总干预时间达到60 min保持；对照组不接受特定干预。采用生物电阻抗原理测量身体成分及全自动分析生化仪检测血脂水平，在基线和干预12周后测定血清炎症因子表达水平，并用16S rRNA基因测序技术测定肠道菌群。采用χ²检验、t检验进行统计学分析。结果干预12周后，运动组肥胖青少年甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平分别由(1.7±0.6，3.5±0.8)mmol/L下降至(0.9±0.3，2.6±0.4)mmol/L，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)由(1.1±0.2)mmol/L提升至(1.4±0.2)mmol/L；运动组血清白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1Rn)由(8.4±1.6)ng/mL降至(4.5±0.4)ng/mL(t值分别为7.34, 2.49，-3.05, 2.56，P值均 < 0.05)。α多样性结果显示，运动组Chao指数(268.00±22.67)、Ace指数(243.98±38.64)均高于对照组(184.52±19.28, 171.43±23.33)，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.48, 2.53, P值均 < 0.05)；运动组Shannon指数(5.36±1.41)高于对照组(4.73±1.12)，Simpson指数(0.78±0.10)低于对照组(0.89±0.10)，但差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.83, -2.10, P值均>0.05)。β多样性结果显示，运动组与对照组肠道菌群结构的组间差异大于组内差异，运动组与对照组的肠道菌群结构差异有统计学意义(R²=0.083，P < 0.05)；干预后，运动组与对照组肥胖青少年肠道菌群在属、纲、种和科水平上相对丰度差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。结论 12周中高强度健身操能够通过肠道菌群-脂代谢途径减轻单纯性肥胖青少年患者肥胖症状，改善低度慢性炎症状态。
- 体育和训练 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 代谢 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyze the effects of 12-week high-intensity fitness exercise on body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese adolescents, so as to provide references for improving the health levels of obese adolescents. Methods From January to June 2023, 20 obese adolescents from Huaifeng Vocational and Technical School in Huai'an City were recruited for the study. Participants were assigned to an exercise group (n=10) and a control group (n=10) for a 12-week exercise intervention by random number table method, and both groups had the same diet during the intervention period. The exercise group engaged in three exercises every week, mainly consisting of moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercise combined with high-intensity intervals. In the first week, there was a 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, followed by 10 minutes of high-intensity interval training in the total intervention time each week, and the rest of the time was aerobic exercise with a total intervention time of 60 minutes to maintain; the control group did not receive specific interventions. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and lipid levels were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression levels of serum inflammatory factors were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention, and gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using t test and Chi-square test. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in obese adolescents in the exercise group decreased from (1.7±0.6, 3.5±0.8) mmol/L to (0.9±0.3, 2.6±0.4) mmol/L, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased from (1.1±0.2) mmol/L to (1.4±0.2) mmol/L; and serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Rn) decreased from (8.4±1.6) to (4.5±0.4) ng/mL in the exercise group (t=7.34, 2.49, -3.05, 2.56, P < 0.05). The α-diversity results showed that the Chao index (268.00±22.67) and Ace index (243.98±38.64) in the exercise group were higher than those in the control group (184.52±19.28, 171.43±23.33), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.48, 2.53, P < 0.05). The Shannon index (5.36±1.41) in the exercise group was higher than that in the control group (4.73±1.12), and the Simpson index (0.78±0.10) was lower than that in the control group (0.89±0.10), but the differences were not statistically significant (t=1.83, -2.10, P>0.05). The β-diversity results showed that the intergroup differences in gut microbiota structure between the exercise group and the control group were greater than the intragroup differences, and the differences in gut microbiota structure between the exercise group and the control group were statistically significant (R²=0.083, P < 0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in the relative abundances at the levels of phylum, class, genus, and species in gut microbiota among obese adolescents between the exercise group and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The 12-week high-intensity fitness exercise can alleviate obesity symptoms in obese adolescents through the gut microbiota-lipid metabolism pathway and improve mild chronic inflammatory status.
- Physical education and training /
- Obesity /
- Metabolism /
- Intervention students /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 两组肥胖青少年肠道菌群NMDS分析

注： A.基于加权Unifrac距离，压力值为0.13；B.基于非加权Unifrac距离，压力值为0.19；图中的每个点表示一个样本，点与点之间的距离表示差异程度；NMDS1和NMDS2为样本间差异解释度最大的两个主要坐标轴。

Figure 1. NMDS analysis of gut flora of obese adolescents in two groups

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表 1 两组肥胖青少年干预前后各指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of indicators before and after intervention among obese adolescents in two groups(x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	体重/kg	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	腰围/cm	臀围/cm	体脂率/%	FPG/(mmol·L^-1)
运动组	干预前		94.8±8.0	33.0±4.1	103.7±6.6	111.1±6.7	33.9±4.4	5.6±0.8
(n=10)	干预后		89.8±13.4	26.3±4.0	84.0±10.4	94.1±8.8	28.9±5.5	5.2±0.4
		t值	1.55	2.74	7.97	2.52	6.25	5.94
		P值	0.13	0.03	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01
对照组	干预前		93.3±15.2	31.9±2.6	99.3±10.2	110.4±6.3	35.1±4.1	5.6±0.4
(n=10)	干预后		94.1±13.2	31.1±3.2	100.1±8.3	108.2±6.7	35.1±5.4	5.6±0.6
		t值	-1.51	0.45	-1.69	2.01	0.79	1.01
		P值	0.13	0.55	0.13	0.06	0.49	0.38

组别	干预前后	统计值	TC/(mmol·L^-1)	TG/(mmol·L^-1)	HDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	LDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	IL-1β/(ng·mL^-1)	IL-1Rn/(ng·mL^-1)
运动组	干预前		5.0±0.8	1.7±0.6	1.1±0.2	3.5±0.8	1.9±0.2	8.4±1.6
(n=10)	干预后		4.1±0.4	0.9±0.3	1.4±0.2	2.6±0.4	0.7±0.4	4.5±0.4
		t值	2.01	7.34	-3.05	2.49	0.42	2.56
		P值	0.07	< 0.01	0.02	0.04	0.69	0.02
对照组	干预前		5.1±0.6	1.5±0.4	1.3±0.2	3.5±0.6	1.9±0.1	8.4±1.3
(n=10)	干预后		4.9±0.9	1.5±0.3	1.3±0.3	3.4±0.7	1.9±0.3	8.3±1.4
		t值	7.65	1.09	1.99	1.53	1.74	0.37
		P值	< 0.01	0.32	0.07	0.16	0.11	0.78

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表 2 两组肥胖青少年干预后不同分类水平物种相对丰度比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of indicators before and after intervention for obese adolescents in two groups(x±s)

组别	人数	属水平					纲水平
组别	人数	另枝菌属	琥珀酸弧菌科 (UCG-002)	毛螺菌科(NK4A136)	革兰阳性菌		梭状芽孢杆菌
运动组	10	37.30±3.21	19.93±1.69	2.98±0.73	1.73±0.18		32.38±11.41
对照组	10	6.08±1.30	2.01±0.41	1.19±0.13	6.92±0.46		23.02±7.56
t值		2.60	2.58	2.13	3.07		2.37
P值		0.02	0.02	0.04	0.01		0.05

组别	人数	种水平				科水平
组别	人数	腐烂别样杆菌	毛螺旋菌 (GAM79)	肥胖别样杆菌	沙别样杆菌	文肯菌科	颤螺旋菌科
运动组	10	27.76±2.63	2.98±0.37	1.45±0.18	27.78±2.88	37.39±3.22	29.81±2.77
对照组	10	6.91±1.11	1.19±0.13	15.93±3.58	6.81±1.06	6.08±1.34	3.79±0.54
t值		2.89	2.21	2.28	2.29	2.54	2.43
P值		0.01	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.02

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