天津市农村中小学校饮用水中三氯甲烷含量及健康风险评估

张磊; 胡海娟; 张可欣; 赵亮

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024177

天津市农村中小学校饮用水中三氯甲烷含量及健康风险评估

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024177

天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所/危险因素监测与评价科学研究中心，300011

基金项目:

天津市卫生健康科技项目 TJWJ2023MS041

天津市医学重点学科建设项目 TJYXZDXK-051A

详细信息

作者简介:
张磊(1983-)，男，湖北潜江人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事饮水与健康方面工作

通讯作者:
赵亮，E-mail: zhaoliang6@tj.gov.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R123.1 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-07
- 修回日期: 2024-05-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Concentration and health risk assessment of trichloromethane in drinking water for rural primary and middle school students in Tianjin

Institute of Environment and Public Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Risk Factor Monitoring and Evaluation Scientific Research Center, Tianjin (300011), China

摘要

摘要: 目的评价天津市农村地区中小学饮用水中三氯甲烷(TCM)的分布特征及其健康风险，为改善农村学校饮用水安全提供科学依据。方法于2023年4—6月(枯水期)和7—10月(丰水期)，采用直接抽选法从天津市10个涉农行政区30所农村中小学校采集末梢水水样60份，参照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》检测其中TCM含量，采用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评估模型对中小学生经口摄入健康风险进行评估。结果农村学校饮用水中TCM质量浓度范围为未检出~54.00 μg/L，平均质量浓度为(13.44±14.88)μg/L；丰水期TCM质量浓度[12.90(1.40, 32.28)μg/L]高于枯水期[2.40(1.40, 18.13)μg/L](Z=-2.09, P<0.05)；小学和中学TCM质量浓度分别为[3.38(1.40, 20.75)μg/L]和[5.30(1.40, 28.23)μg/L]，差异无统计学意义(Z=0.50，P>0.05)。儿童经口暴露的致癌风险范围为3.84×10^-7~2.05 ×10^-5，非致癌风险范围为0.00~0.16，均处于可接受水平，其中6~9岁儿童的潜在风险最高。结论天津市农村中小学校饮用水中TCM呈不同程度检出，经口暴露的潜在健康风险应得到重视。应加强饮用水消毒副产物监测和管理，以降低儿童暴露风险。
- 饮水 /
- 三氯甲烷 /
- 环境监测 /
- 农村卫生
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the distribution characteristics and health risk of trichloromethane (TCM) in the drinking water supply of primary and middle schools in rural areas of Tianjin, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving drinking water safety in rural schools. Methods A total of 60 water samples from 30 rural primary and middle schools in 10 agricultural districts of Tianjin were collected from April to June (dry season) and July to October (wet season) in 2023 with direct selection method. The content of TCM was detected according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Drinking Water, and a risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the health risk of TCM through oral exposure. Results The concentration of TCM in drinking water was no detection to 54.00 μg/L, with an average of (13.44±14.88) μg/L, and the value was higher during the wet season [12.90(1.40, 32.28)μg/L] than the dry season [2.40(1.40, 18.13)μg/L] (Z=-2.09, P<0.05). The concentration of TCM for primary and middle schools were [3.38(1.40, 20.75) μg/L] and [5.30(1.40, 28.23)μg/L] respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between different types of schools (Z=0.50, P>0.05). The carcinogenic risk through oral exposure ranged from 3.84×10^-7 to 2.05×10^-5, while the non-carcinogenic risk ranged from (0.00-0.16), all within the acceptable range. Children aged 6 to 9 years old were at the highest risk. Conclusions TCM has been detected in the drinking water of rural primary and middle schools to a certain extent in Tianjin, and attention should be paid to the potential health risks of oral exposure. The monitoring and management of disinfection by-products in drinking water should be strengthened to further reduce the risk of exposure to children.
- Drinking /
- Trichloromethane /
- Environmental monitoring /
- Rural health
注释:

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表 1 农村中小学校饮用水中TCM质量浓度范围/(μg·L^-1)

Table 1. Mass concentration range of TCM in drinking water of rural primary and middle schools/(μg·L^-1)

类型	水样数	x±s	M(P₂₅，P₇₅)	范围
水期类型
枯水期	30	8.74±10.07	2.40(1.40，18.13)	未检出~28.30
丰水期	30	18.14±17.42	12.90(1.40，32.28)	1.40~54.00
学校类型
小学	40	12.59±14.33	3.38(1.40，20.75)	1.40~49.10
中学	20	15.15±16.18	5.30(1.40，28.23)	未检出~54.00

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表 2 小学生和中学生暴露于TCM污染的健康风险比较

Table 2. Comparison of health risks of primary and middle school students exposed to TCM pollution

学校类型	年龄/岁	致癌风险/R	非致癌风险/HQ
小学	6~<9	5.36 ×10^-6(5.96 ×10^-7 ~ 2.05 ×10^-5)	0.04(0.00 ~ 0.16)
	9~<12	5.03 ×10^-6(5.59 ×10^-7 ~ 1.96 ×10^-5)	0.04(0.01 ~ 0.15)
中学	12~<15	4.23 ×10^-6(3.91 ×10^-7 ~ 1.51 ×10^-5)	0.03(0.00 ~ 0.11)
	15~<18	4.15 ×10^-6(3.84 ×10^-7 ~ 1.48 ×10^-5)	0.03(0.00 ~ 0.11)
注： ()内数据为范围。

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