医学新生学校适应的潜在类别及其转变与社会支持和心理韧性的关系

丁闽江; 廖友国

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024158

医学新生学校适应的潜在类别及其转变与社会支持和心理韧性的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024158

丁闽江¹,
廖友国^{2, 3, ,}

1.
福建中医药大学学生工作部，福州 350108
2.
华中科技大学教育科学研究院
3.
闽江学院教师教育学院

基金项目:

国家社科基金项目 20VYJ040

教育部高校网络教育名师项目 JSH20230201

福建省教学改革项目 FBJG20220236

福建省教育科学规划课题项目 FJJKBK22-086

详细信息

作者简介:
丁闽江(1983-)，男，福建龙岩人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为大学生心理健康教育

通讯作者:
廖友国，E-mail：liaoyouguo@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 G478 G77
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-21
- 修回日期: 2024-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-25

Latent class of medical freshmen's school adjustment and the relationship among its transition, social support and mental resilience

DING Minjiang¹,
LIAO Youguo^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Student Affairs Department, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou (350108), Fujian Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨医学新生学校适应的潜在类别、类别转变特征及其与社会支持、心理韧性的关系，为开展教育干预提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法从福建省3所医学本科院校抽取1 155名医学新生为研究对象，2022年10月T1，采用学生适应性量表、青少年社会支持量表与心理韧性量表进行问卷调查，2022年12月T2，再次进行学生适应性量表的问卷调查，采用潜在剖面分析、潜在转变分析以及多元Logistic回归分析处理数据。结果 T1和T2两个时间点上学校适应均存在3种亚类型，分别是高适应组(34.0%，19.8%)、中适应组(60.5%，53.8%)与低适应组(5.5%，26.4%)。低适应组的稳定性最强，保持原组的概率为94.0%；高适应组倾向于转变至中适应组，转变概率为25.0%；中适应组倾向于转变至低适应组，转变概率为22.0%。以类别不变组为参照，在社会支持作用下，高适应组更不可能转向中适应组(OR=0.40)和低适应组(OR=0.26)，中适应组更可能转向高适应组(OR=1.47)、更不可能转向低适应组(OR=0.58)；在心理韧性作用下，高适应组更不可能转向中适应组(OR=0.20)和低适应组(OR=0.13)，中适应组更可能转向高适应组(OR=9.17)、更不可能转向低适应组(OR=0.42)，低适应组更可能转向高适应组(OR=5.43)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论医学新生学校适应存在3个类别，类别转变呈现较高风险，社会支持与心理韧性在转变中起保护作用。应增强医学新生的社会支持和心理韧性水平，以促进学校适应。
- 适应，心理学 /
- 社会支持 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the possible latent classes and transition characteristics of medical freshmen and their relationship with social support and mental resilience, so as to provide a scientific reference for preventive education. Methods A total of 1 155 medical freshmen were cluster random sampled from 3 medical universities in Fujian Province and received 2 rounds of surveys(T1, October 2022; T2, December 2022) by applying Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. And the relevant data was analyzed by using latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis and multiple Logistic regression. Results There were three different subgroups of school adjustment at two time points for T1 and T2, including high school adjustment group (34.0%, 19.8%), mild school adjustment group (60.5%, 53.8%) and low school adjustment group (5.5%, 26.4%). The low school adjustment group, relatively stable, had the greatest probability of remaining in the same group(94.0%). The high school adjustment group tended to change to mild school adjustment group(25.0%), and the mild school adjustment group tended to change to low school adjustment group (22.0%). Affected by social support, high school adjustment group was less likely to transfer to be mild school adjustment group (OR=0.40) and low school adjustment group (OR=0.26). The mild school adjustment group was prone to transfer to be high school adjustment group (OR=1.47), and less likely to be low school adjustment group (OR=0.58). Influenced by mental resilence, high school adjustment group was less likely to transfer to be mild school adjustment group (OR=0.20) and low school adjustment group (OR=0.13). The mild school adjustment group was prone to transfer to be high school adjustment group (OR=9.17), and less likely to be low school adjustment group (OR=0.42). The low school adjustment group was more likely to transfer to be high school adjustment group(OR=5.43)(P < 0.05). Conclusions There are three subgroups of school adjustment in medical freshmen, and class transition in school adjustment are at higher risk and are influenced by social support and mental resilience. The social support and resilience of medical freshmen should be enhanced to promote the school adjustment.
- Adaptation, psychological /
- Social support /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 第1时点大一新生学校适应潜在类别的估计条件均值

Figure 1. The estimated conditional mean of the freshman school's adaptation to the potential category at time 1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 第2时点大一新生学校适应潜在类别的估计条件均值

Figure 2. The estimated conditional mean of the freshman school's adaptation to the potential category at time 2

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 大一新生学校适应与社会支持、心理韧性相关性分析(r值，n=1 155)

Table 1. The correlation analysis of school adjustment, social support and resilience in freshmen(r, n=1 155)

变量	T1学校适应	T2学校适应	社会支持	心理韧性	性别	独生子女
T2学校适应	0.67^**
社会支持	0.48^**	0.40^**
心理韧性	0.50^**	0.61^**	0.39^**
性别	-0.09^*	0.01	0.11^**	-0.06
独生子女	0.01	-0.01	-0.08^*	-0.03	0.13^**
家庭所在地	-0.01	-0.01	-0.12^**	-0.05	0.01	0.23^**
注： P<0.05，*P<0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 大一新生学校适应潜在剖面模型拟合指数(n=1 155)

Table 2. Fit index of latent profile model of school adjustment in freshmen(n=1 155)

时点	类别数	df	AIC值	BIC值	aBIC值	Entropy值	P_LMRT值	P_BLRT值	类别概率/%
T1	2	13	8 459.55	8 525.22	8 483.93	0.71	<0.01	<0.01	51.7/48.3
	3	18	8 064.22	8 155.15	8 097.98	0.84	<0.01	<0.01	60.5/34.0/5.5
	4	23	7 894.49	8 010.69	7 937.63	0.76	0.01	<0.01	47.5/26.2/24.0/2.3
	5	28	7 812.37	7 953.82	7 864.88	0.80	0.18	<0.01	46.5/26.6/22.5/2.3/2.1
T2	2	13	8 344.90	8 410.58	8 369.28	0.79	<0.01	<0.01	61.3/38.7
	3	18	7 799.71	7 890.64	7 833.47	0.84	<0.01	<0.01	53.8/26.4/19.8
	4	23	7 631.20	7 747.40	7 674.34	0.89	0.03	<0.01	53.5/23.8/20.3/2.4
	5	28	7 496.09	7 637.54	7 548.60	0.81	<0.01	<0.01	31.6/30.0/19.4/16.8/2.2

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 大一新生社会支持与心理韧性预测变量影响下学校适应转变概率的发生比[OR值(95%CI)，n=1 155]

Table 3. The ratio of school adaptation transition under the influence of social support and psychological resilience[(OR95%CI), n=1 155]

影响因素	学校适应类别	T2高适应组	T2中适应组	T2低适应组
社会支持	T1高适应组		0.40(0.29~0.55)^**	0.26(0.16~0.42)^**
	T1中适应组	1.47(1.08~2.29)^*		0.58(0.45~0.76)^**
	T1低适应组	0.55(0.05~5.67)	2.22(0.77~6.43)
心理韧性	T1高适应组		0.20(0.14~0.30)^**	0.13(0.07~0.24)^**
	T1中适应组	9.17(5.26~15.98)^**		0.42(0.30~0.57)^**
	T1低适应组	5.43(1.69~33.51)^*	1.80(0.73~4.45)
注： P<0.05，*P<0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

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