Meta-analysis of the effects of sports participation on adolescent aggressive behavior
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摘要:
目的 对青少年运动参与与攻击行为的关系进行探讨，为青少年攻击行为的运动矫治提供参考依据。 方法 以中国知网、维普、万方、Web of Science、Ebsco、Pro Quest、PubMed为检索数据库，检索词为“体育”“运动”“锻炼”“身体活动”“体力活动”；攻击行为的检索词为“攻击”“攻击行为”“侵犯”“欺凌”“暴力”，将以上关键词进行联合检索。外文数据使用Web of Science、Ebsco、Pro Quest、PubMed进行检索，并通过Google Scholar进行文献补查。运动参与的检索词为“sport、athletics、exercise、train、fitness、physical exercise、physical activity、physical education”；攻击行为检索词为“aggress、bullying、violence、atrocity、fighting、aggressive behavior、physical assault”，将以上关键词进行联合检索。检索时间为建库至2023年10月22日，使用CMA 3.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 共纳入20项研究，80个效应量，9 308名受试者。Meta分析显示，青少年运动参与与攻击(r=-0.11)、身体攻击(r=-0.14)、言语攻击(r=-0.14)、敌意(r=-0.16)及愤怒(r=-0.08)指标均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。运动参与者的性别、学段、运动方式、地区在运动参与和攻击行为关系中有调节效应(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 运动参与对于青少年攻击行为的改善具有积极影响，运动方式、学段、性别、地区是二者关系的调节变量。学校可通过制定运动处方对青少年进行体育教育，改善其攻击行为。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between adolescent sports participation and aggression, so as to provide a reference basis for sports interventions aimed at reducing adolescent aggression. Methods The search databases used in the study included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Vipo, Wanfang, Web of Science, Ebsco, Pro Quest, and PubMed, and the search period was from the construction of the database to October 22, 2023. The search terms for sports participation were "sport" "exercise" "exercise" "physical activity" "physical activity"; the search terms for aggressive behavior were "assault" "aggressive behavior" "aggression"; the search terms for aggressive behavior were "assault" "aggressive behavior" "aggression" "bullying", and "violence", and the above keywords were jointly searched. Foreign language data were searched using Web of Science, Ebsco, Pro Quest, PubMed and supplemented by Google Scholar. The search terms for sports participation were sport, athletics, exercise, train, fitness, physical exercise, physical activity, physical education; and the search terms for aggressive behavior were aggression, bullying, violence, atrocity, fighting, aggressive behavior, physical assault; the above keywords were jointly searched. Statistical analysis was performed using CMA 3.0 software. Results A total of 20 studies with 80 effect sizes and 9 308 subjects were included. The Meta-analysis showed that adolescent sports participation was moderately negatively correlated with indicators of aggression (r=-0.11), physical aggression (r=-0.14), verbal aggression (r=-0.14), and hostility (r=-0.16), and weakly negatively correlated with indicators of anger (r=-0.08) (P < 0.05). Aggressive behavior was influenced by gender, school stage, mode of exercise, and the sports participants' region (P < 0.05). Conclusions Exercise participation has a positive impact on reducing aggressive behavior in adolescents, and mode of exercise, age, gender, and region are moderating variables in the relationship. Schools can reduce adolescent aggression by developing exercise and physical education interventions. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Aggression /
- Meta-analysis /
- Adolescent
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 纳入研究的异质性检验结果
Table 1. Results of the heterogeneity test of the included studies
攻击行为 文献数 人数 Q值 df值 P值 I2值 Tau-squared H值 攻击 14 6 163 73.25 13 < 0.01 82.25 0.01 5.63 身体攻击 17 4 326 116.40 16 < 0.01 86.26 0.17 7.28 言语攻击 16 3 631 107.77 15 < 0.01 86.08 0.18 7.18 愤怒 17 3 961 48.31 16 < 0.01 66.88 0.09 3.01 敌意 16 3 707 63.79 15 < 0.01 76.15 0.02 4.25 
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表 2 运动形式对青少年运动参与与攻击行为关系的调节作用
Table 2. Moderating effects of exercise form on the relationship between motor participation and aggressive behavior
攻击行为 运动形式 文献数 人数 r值(95%CI) I2值 Qw值 Qb值 P值 攻击 个人 2 37 0.04(-0.38~0.45) 70.05 3.34 1.54 0.21 团队 1 78 -0.30(-0.57~0.03) 0.00 0.00 身体攻击 个人 3 114 -0.20(-0.68~0.41) 90.58 21.24 6.56 0.04 团队 7 297 -0.28(-0.45~-0.08) 64.18 16.75 言语攻击 个人 3 114 -0.47(-0.86~0.27) 93.93 32.94 9.40 0.01 团队 7 297 -0.25(-0.41~-0.07) 56.52 13.79 愤怒 个人 3 114 -0.22(-0.72~0.43) 92.13 25.41 0.31 0.86 团队 7 297 -0.08(-0.22~0.06) 29.03 8.46 敌意 个人 3 114 -0.34(-0.79~0.34) 92.61 27.06 9.44 0.01 团队 7 297 -0.23(-0.34~-0.11) 0.00 4.83
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表 3 学段对青少年运动参与与攻击行为关系的调节作用
Table 3. Moderating effects of subjects' grade level on the relationship between motor participation and aggressive behavior
攻击行为 学段 文献数 人数 r值(95%CI) I2值 Qw值 Qb值 P值 攻击 大学 8 4 76 -0.11(-0.19~-0.03) 85.35 47.79 3.98 0.14 小学 1 28 0.28(-0.10~0.59) 0.00 0.00 高中 3 870 -0.13(-0.33~0.09) 89.92 19.84 身体攻击 大学 8 1 276 -0.07(-0.20~0.05) 55.89 15.18 70.64 < 0.01 小学 2 1 606 -0.26(-0.30~-0.21) 0.00 0.01 高中 2 691 0.02(-0.06~0.09) 0.00 0.09 初中 3 85 -0.63(-0.75~-0.47) 0.00 1.34 言语攻击 大学 8 1 276 -0.17(-0.31~-0.02) 66.08 20.64 7.86 0.05 高中 2 691 0.13(-0.07~0.32) 85.51 7.41 初中 4 996 -0.46(-0.81~0.13) 94.67 56.27 愤怒 大学 8 1 276 -0.03(-0.10~0.04) 4.16 7.30 14.84 0.01 小学 1 330 -0.17(-0.27~-0.06) 0.00 0.00 高中 2 691 0.03(-0.04~0.11) 0.00 0.00 初中 4 996 -0.38(-0.68~-0.04) 88.72 26.59 敌意 大学 8 1 276 -0.11(-0.20~-0.02) 24.26 9.24 3.19 0.53 小学 1 330 -0.16(-0.26~-0.05) 0.00 0.00 高中 2 691 -0.13(-0.20~-0.06) 0.00 0.00 初中 4 996 -0.41(-0.75~0.10) 92.65 40.83 注：攻击行为没有初中生相关文献。
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表 4 性别对青少年运动参与与攻击行为关系的调节作用
Table 4. Moderating effects of subjects' gender on the relationship between motor participation and aggressive behavior
攻击行为 r值(95%CI) 标准误 t值 P值 攻击 -0.12(-0.28~0.04) 0.07 -1.62 0.13 身体攻击 -0.21(-0.38~-0.03) 0.08 -2.45 0.03 言语攻击 -0.23(-0.46~-0.01) 0.10 -2.24 0.04 愤怒 -0.11(-0.25~0.03) 0.07 -1.63 0.12 敌意 -0.23(-0.38~-0.08) 0.07 -3.20 0.01
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表 5 地区对青少年运动参与与攻击行为关系的调节作用
Table 5. Moderating effects of subject area on the relationship between motor participation and aggressive behavior
攻击行为 地区 文献数 人数 r值(95%CI) I2值 Qw值 Qb值 P值 攻击 亚洲 9 4 971 -0.16(-0.23~-0.10) 80.56 41.15 17.12 < 0.01 欧洲 1 28 0.28(-0.10~0.59) 0.00 0.00 北美洲 4 1 164 0.01(-0.05~0.07) 0.38 3.01 身体攻击 亚洲 8 3 728 -0.15(-0.27~0.03) 90.71 75.31 10.72 0.01 欧洲 8 344 -0.19(-0.38~0.03) 73.67 26.59 南美洲 1 254 0.11(-0.01~0.23) 0.00 0.00 言语攻击 亚洲 7 3 033 -0.10(-0.24~0.05) 92.15 76.42 15.63 < 0.01 欧洲 8 344 -0.21(-0.37~-0.05) 55.47 15.72 南美洲 1 254 -0.03(-0.15~0.09) 0.00 0.00 愤怒 亚洲 8 3 363 -0.11(-0.19~-0.02) 81.10 37.04 1.26 0.55 欧洲 8 344 -0.01(-0.15~0.12) 32.56 10.38 南美洲 1 254 -0.07(-0.19~0.06) 0.00 0.00 敌意 亚洲 8 987 -0.17(-0.27~-0.07) 86.58 52.16 0.00 0.95 欧洲 8 289 -0.16(-0.28~-0.04) 21.86 8.96 注：敌意中没有南美洲相关文献。
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