Family food environment and related factors of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing
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摘要:
目的 了解通州区中小学生家庭食物环境健康水平及其相关因素，为开展通州区中小学生家庭食物环境提升工作提供参考。 方法 于2021—2023年采用分层整群抽样方法，对通州区11所学校的1 485个学生家庭进行问卷调查。采用单因素分析比较不同人口学背景下家庭食物环境健康水平差异，相关因素分析采用二元多因素Logistic回归模型。 结果 通州区中小学生家庭食物环境健康水平得分(四分位间距)中位数为64.32(12.28)分，总达标率(≥60分)为67.41%；家庭喂养模式的健康水平得分[58.33(11.11)分]及达标率(42.76%)在家庭食物环境的5个维度中排名最后。乡镇家庭(OR=1.78，95%CI=1.41~2.25)、初中(OR=1.42，95%CI=1.07~1.87)和高中(OR=2.28，95%CI=1.73~3.00)学生家庭、单亲家庭(OR=1.89，95%CI=1.15~3.10)以及家长肥胖体型(OR=1.81，95%CI=1.23~2.65)的学生家庭食物环境健康水平未达标的风险更高(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 通州区中小学生家庭食物环境总体健康水平不容乐观，家庭喂养模式健康水平亟待改善。应采取针对性措施以有效提升家庭食物环境健康水平，促进儿童青少年的健康成长。 Abstract:Objective To understand family food environment and its associated factors of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide reference for the improvement of family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District. Methods From 2021 to 2023, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1 485 families of students from 11 schools in Tongzhou District. Single Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in family food environment across different demographic background, and the associated factors were analyzed by the multiple binary Logistic regression model. Results The average score of family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District was 64.32(12.28) points, and the total compliance rate (≥60 points) was 67.41%. The score of family feeding pattern [58.33 (11.11) points] and the compliance rate (42.76%) ranked the bottom among the five dimensions of family food environment. Rural families (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.41-2.25), junior high schools (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.07-1.87), senior high schools (OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.73-3.00), single-parent families (OR=1.89, 95%CI=1.15-3.10) and obese parents (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.23-2.65) had a higher risk of substandard family food environment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District is not optimistic, family feeding mode needs to be improved. Attention should be paid to the family food environment, so as to effectively promote healthy growth of children and adolescents. -
Key words:
- Family /
- Diet /
- Environment /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别通州区中小学生家庭食物环境健康水平得分比较[M(Q)]
Table 1. Comparison of the healthy level scores of food environment in families among different groups of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District[M(Q)]
组别 选项 家庭数 健康水平得分 F/Z值 P值 被照护学生学段 小学 606 66.39(11.68) 85.29 ＜0.01 初中 445 64.42(11.81) 高中 434 60.90(12.52) 被照护学生性别 男生 745 64.19(12.30) -0.74 0.46 女生 740 64.39(12.28) 家庭居住地 城区 684 66.00(11.33) -6.95 ＜0.01 乡镇 801 62.37(12.72) 是否为独生子女 是 920 64.46(12.51) -0.20 0.84 家庭 否 565 64.20(12.29) 主要照护者身份 母亲 1 206 64.32(11.92) -0.43 0.67 其他家人 279 64.06(13.83) 主要照护者体型 正常 944 65.14(12.40) 22.66 ＜0.01 超重 410 64.06(12.04) 肥胖 131 60.64(12.49) 主要照护者文化 高中及以下 545 62.58(12.18) 19.49 ＜0.01 程度 大专 402 65.14(13.04) 本科 463 65.29(11.11) 研究生及以上 75 65.21(13.14) 是否为单亲家庭 是 71 61.77(13.57) -3.31 < 0.01 否 1 414 64.54(12.33) 家庭富足水平 低 495 64.27(11.74) 0.06 0.97 中 495 64.49(12.52) 高 495 64.00(12.84) 
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表 2 不同组别通州区中小学生家庭食物环境健康水平达标率比较
Table 2. Comparison of the healthy level compliance rates of food environmental in families among different groups of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District
组别 选项 家庭数 达标家庭数 χ2/χ趋势2值 P值 被照护学生学段 小学 606 463(76.40) 55.99 ＜0.01 初中 445 303(68.09) 高中 434 235(54.15) 被照护学生性别 男生 745 497(66.71) 0.33 0.57 女生 740 504(68.11) 家庭居住地 城区 684 520(76.02) 42.85 ＜0.01 乡镇 801 481(60.05) 是否为独生子女 是 920 613(66.63) 0.66 0.42 家庭 否 565 388(68.67) 主要照护者身份 母亲 1 206 820(67.99) 1.00 0.32 其他家人 279 181(64.87) 主要照护者体型 正常 944 658(69.70) 10.42 < 0.01 超重 410 271(66.10) 肥胖 131 72(54.96) 主要照护者文化 高中及以下 545 338(62.02) 11.79 < 0.01 程度 大专 402 273(67.91) 本科 463 338(73.00) 研究生及以上 75 52(69.33) 是否为单亲家庭 是 71 36(50.70) 9.47 < 0.01 否 1 414 965(68.25) 家庭富足水平 低 495 338(68.28) 0.46 0.50 中 495 335(67.68) 高 495 328(66.26) 注： ()内数字为达标率/%。
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表 3 通州区中小学生家庭食物环境健康水平相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=1 485)
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of related factors of food environmental health level of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District(n=1 485)
常量与自变量 选项 参照组 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(95%CI) 常量 -1.55 0.12 162.71 ＜0.01 0.21 家庭居住地 乡镇 城区 0.58 0.12 22.98 ＜0.01 1.78(1.41~2.25) 被照护学生学段 初中 小学 0.35 0.14 6.01 0.01 1.42(1.07~1.87) 高中 0.82 0.14 34.27 ＜0.01 2.28(1.73~3.00) 主要照护者体型 超重 正常 0.14 0.13 1.16 0.28 1.15(0.89~1.49) 肥胖 0.59 0.20 9.15 < 0.01 1.81(1.23~2.65) 是否为单亲家庭 是 否 0.64 0.25 6.29 0.01 1.89(1.15~3.10) 主要照护者文化 高中及以下 研究生及以上 -0.11 0.28 0.15 0.70 0.90(0.51~1.56) 程度 大专 -0.12 0.27 0.19 0.67 0.88(0.51~1.55) 本科 -0.23 0.28 0.64 0.42 0.80(0.46~1.39) 被照护学生性别 女 男 -0.04 0.12 0.10 0.76 0.97(0.77~1.21) 主要照护者身份 母亲 其他家人 -0.06 0.15 0.15 0.70 0.95(0.71~1.26) 家庭富足水平 低 高 -0.08 0.14 0.33 0.57 0.92(0.70~1.22) 中 -0.12 0.14 0.74 0.39 0.89(0.67~1.17) 是否为独生子女家庭 否 是 -0.08 0.12 0.46 0.50 0.92(0.73~1.17)
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