贵州省四至九年级学龄儿童营养素养现状及其与体质健康的关系

谢竞成; 王惠群; 余慧娴; 刘涛; 何琳; 刘怡娅; 刘菁

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024145

贵州省四至九年级学龄儿童营养素养现状及其与体质健康的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024145

贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室，贵阳 561113

基金项目:

贵州省区域内一流学科建设项目-公共卫生与预防医学黔教科研发[2017]85号

详细信息

作者简介:
谢竞成(1997-)，男，四川乐山人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为营养流行病学

通讯作者:
王惠群，E-mail: wanghuiqun@gmc.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 G479
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-25
- 修回日期: 2024-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-25

Nutritional literacy of school-age children in grades 4-9 and its relationship with physical health in Guizhou Province

School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang (561113), Guizhou Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解贵州省四至九年级学龄儿童的营养素养水平及其影响因素，并探讨营养素养与体质健康关系，为改善学龄儿童体质健康提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，于2023年2—7月抽取贵州省遵义市、铜仁市、毕节市小学四至六年级和中学七至九年级1 155名在校学生，使用学龄儿童食物营养素养问卷进行营养素养调查，并通过体质监测平台获取其体质健康数据(身高、体重、肺活量、立定跳远等体测指标数据)。采用Pearson相关性分析、二元Logistic回归模型探讨营养素养与体质健康之间的关联性。结果学龄儿童营养素养得分为(63.50±8.63)分，营养素养各层次得分由高到低依次为互动性(66.09±13.99)、功能性(63.84±8.80)、批判性(61.15±14.65)；营养素养认知领域、技能领域得分分别为(64.71±10.77)(62.97±9.21)；选择食物、制作食物、摄入食物维度得分分别为(64.68±13.52)(56.39±12.17)(63.63±10.04)分。是否独生子女及不同性别、民族、年级、主要照顾人、主要照顾人学历、家庭经济情况学龄儿童营养素养总得分差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为2.88，-3.28，5.02，18.32，4.67，32.47，32.53，P值均 < 0.05)；学龄儿童体质健康合格率为85.8%，体质健康总分、身体形态、身体功能、身体素质维度平均得分分别为(71.86±10.52)(93.29±12.06)(72.12±14.42)(67.26±13.13)分；控制混杂因素后，学龄儿童营养素养得分与体质健康呈正相关(OR=1.03，95%CI=1.01~1.05，P＜0.05)。结论贵州省四至九年级学龄儿童营养素养得分较低，且营养素养与体质健康存在正相关。
- 营养素养 /
- 体质 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand the level of nutritional literacy and its influencing factors among school-age children in grades 4-9 in Guizhou Province, and to explore the relationship between nutritional literacy and physical health, so as to provide reference for improving nutritional literacy and physical health of school-age children. Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 1 155 school-age children in grades 4-6 in elementary school and grades 7-9 in secondary schools in three prefectural and municipal cities of Guizhou Province (Zunyi, Tongren, and Bijie) were sampled from February to July 2023, and were surveyed for nutritional literacy by using the "Food and Nutritional Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children", and their physical health data (data on body measurement indicators, such as height, weight, lung capacity, and vertical jump) were obtained from the physical health surveillance platform. Pearson correlation analysis and binary Logistic regression modeling were used to explore the association between nutritional literacy and physical health. Results The nutritional literacy score of the study population was (63.50±8.63), and the scores of each level of nutritional literacy in descending order were interactivity (66.09±13.99), functionality (63.84±8.80), and criticism (61.15±14.65); and the scores of cognitive domain of nutritional literacy, and skill domain were (64.71±10.77) (62.97±9.21); food selection, food preparation, and food intake dimension scores were (64.68±13.52) (56.39±12.17) (63.63±10.04), respectively. Differences in the total nutritional literacy scores of school-aged children who were only children or not, by gender, ethnicity, grade level, primary caregiver, primary caregiver's education, and family economic situation were statistically significant (t/F=2.88, -3.28, 5.02, 18.32, 4.67, 32.47, 32.53, P < 0.05); the physical health pass rate was 85.8%, and the mean scores of the total physical health score, physical form, physical function, and physical fitness dimensions were (71.86±10.52) (93.29±12.06) (72.12±14.42) (67.26±13.13), respectively; after controlling for confounders, the nutritional literacy scores were positively correlated with physical health (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01-1.05, P < 0.05). Conclusion Nutritional literacy scores of school-age children in grades 4-9 in Guizhou Province are low, and there is a positive correlation between nutritional literacy and physical health in this school age children.
- Nutrition literacy /
- Body constitution /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
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表 1 不同人口学特征学龄儿童营养素养得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of nutritional literacy scores among school-age children with different demographic characteristics(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	功能性	互动性	批判性	总分
性别	男	585		63.09±9.16	63.64±18.79	61.86±15.54	62.68±9.02
	女	570		64.60±8.34	68.61±16.77	60.40±13.64	64.34±8.14
			t值	-2.92	-4.75^a	-1.69^a	-3.28^a
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.09	< 0.01
民族	汉族	645		64.92±8.87	67.66±17.80	62.44±14.78	64.62±8.70
	少数民族	510		62.47±8.51	64.10±18.04	59.50±14.32	62.08±8.35
			t值	4.74	3.35	3.39	5.02
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
年级	四	192		60.68±8.11	62.34±19.93	60.07±15.01	60.44±8.21
	五	187		61.29±8.03	65.72±18.69	58.74±14.52	61.27±8.11
	六	260		62.28±7.72	68.00±16.66	61.38±13.51	62.28±7.66
	七	195		67.43±10.14	68.85±16.35	63.80±16.03	66.94±9.64
	八	196		66.88±8.65	64.21±18.38	62.33±13.82	65.93±8.62
	九	125		65.38±7.20	67.12±17.25	59.93±14.99	64.94±7.20
			F值	22.20^a	3.57^a	2.97	18.32^a
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01
独生子女	是	139		66.52±10.45	64.28±19.21	65.04±15.76	65.78±10.14
	否	1 016		63.47±8.48	66.34±17.81	60.61±14.42	63.19±8.36
			t值	3.30^a	-1.27	3.63	2.88^a
			P值	< 0.01	0.21	< 0.01	0.01
主要照顾人	父母	941		64.17±8.86	66.39±17.63	61.43±14.70	63.83±8.64
	(外)祖父母	184		62.69±8.26	65.16±18.75	59.96±14.58	62.40±8.41
	其他人	30		60.39±8.95	62.33±23.55	59.44±13.25	59.99±8.78
			F值	4.58	1.04	0.98	4.67
			P值	0.01	0.36	0.38	0.01
主要照顾人学历	小学及以下	272		60.31±7.92	64.54±19.03	58.79±13.52	60.23±8.02
	初中	462		63.33±7.84	66.25±17.26	60.28±14.37	63.07±7.74
	高中	214		64.70±8.99	67.00±18.25	61.13±15.06	64.29±8.92
	大专及以上	207		68.70±9.38	66.83±17.87	66.18±15.17	67.95±9.03
			F值	37.13^a	0.99	10.82^a	32.47^a
			P值	< 0.01	0.40	< 0.01	< 0.01
家庭经济情况	一般	253		61.01±7.71	63.67±17.54	58.72±13.25	60.78±7.59
	良好	670		63.74±8.78	65.80±18.08	61.13±14.46	63.41±8.66
	富裕	232		67.18±8.86	69.56±17.75	63.82±16.15	66.73±8.57
			F值	31.42	6.78	7.28^a	32.53^a
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： a采用t'或Welch检验。

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表 2 不同人口学特征学龄儿童营养素养各领域及各维度得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of scores in various fields and dimensions of nutritional literacy among school-age children with different demographic characteristics(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	认知(知识与理念)	技能
人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	认知(知识与理念)	选择食物	制作食物	摄入食物
性别	男	585		64.45±11.52	63.46±14.07	55.57±12.55	62.60±10.01
	女	570		64.97±9.93	65.92±12.81	57.23±11.71	64.69±9.95
			t值	-0.83^a	-3.01	-2.33	-3.56
			P值	0.41	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01
民族	汉族	645		66.43±10.87	65.71±13.31	56.48±12.21	64.56±9.95
	少数民族	510		62.53±10.22	63.37±13.67	56.27±12.13	62.45±10.02
			t值	6.25^a	2.93	0.30	3.57
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.77	< 0.01
年级	四	192		58.03±9.66	61.61±14.85	56.61±12.63	63.21±9.78
	五	187		63.32±10.24	61.52±13.73	55.16±11.52	61.06±8.83
	六	260		62.62±8.48	65.15±13.44	55.98±10.72	61.65±9.66
	七	195		69.10±12.01	68.11±12.98	58.49±13.57	66.52±10.82
	八	196		69.29±10.19	65.81±12.92	57.47±12.62	65.34±10.58
	九	125		67.38±9.31	66.03±11.09	53.80±11.70	65.08±8.96
			F值	36.74^a	6.96^a	2.91^a	9.79
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01
独生子女	是	139		68.98±12.43	65.67±15.22	58.05±13.85	65.18±12.13
	否	1 016		64.13±10.39	64.54±13.27	56.16±11.91	63.42±9.70
			t值	4.40^a	0.83^a	1.53^a	1.64^a
			P值	< 0.01	0.41	0.13	0.10
主要照顾人	父母	941		65.23±10.69	65.02±13.34	56.39±12.41	63.84±10.17
	(外)祖父母	184		62.61±10.81	63.27±14.40	56.46±11.15	63.43±8.73
	其他人	30		61.02±10.70	62.18±12.89	56.00±10.69	58.34±11.88
			F值	6.43	1.71	0.02	4.44
			P值	< 0.01	0.18	0.98	0.01
主要照顾人学历	小学及以下	272		60.74±9.99	61.49±14.21	55.00±11.16	60.42±8.96
	初中	462		64.08±9.22	64.55±12.74	55.63±12.18	63.24±9.31
	高中	214		64.29±11.18	65.71±13.95	57.68±11.86	65.22±10.57
	大专及以上	207		71.75±11.25	68.06±12.91	58.57±13.33	67.08±10.97
			F值	47.59^a	10.02	4.85^a	20.39^a
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
家庭经济情况	一般	253		60.94±9.86	62.01±13.08	54.42±12.12	61.62±9.01
	良好	670		64.73±10.59	64.47±13.63	56.10±11.99	63.59±10.11
	富裕	232		68.75±10.77	68.18±12.92	59.37±12.23	65.95±10.42
			F值	33.58	13.09	10.62	11.52
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： a采用t'或Welch检验。

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表 3 不同组别学龄儿童体质健康不同维度得分情况(x±s)

Table 3. Score of physical health in different dimensions of school-age children of different groups(x±s)

组别	选项	身体形态	身体功能	身体素质	总分
性别	男	92.55±12.52	69.32±14.82	66.60±13.42	70.88±10.80
	女	94.06±11.53	74.99±13.42	67.93±12.82	72.86±10.15
年级	四	91.04±12.06	71.76±11.84	66.68±11.55	71.09±9.15
	五	93.23±11.36	71.02±12.89	65.57±10.55	70.40±9.39
	六	92.92±13.12	69.37±13.81	69.14±10.14	72.70±8.50
	七	93.13±12.18	78.77±13.21	69.15±13.01	74.19±10.19
	八	94.29±12.15	72.45±13.14	62.86±16.63	69.01±12.50
	九	96.32±9.63	69.07±20.73	70.67±16.06	74.28±13.31

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表 4 学龄儿童营养素养与体质健康相关性分析(r值，n=1 155)

Table 4. Analysis of the correlation between nutritional literacy and physical health(r, n=1 155)

营养素养	体质健康总分	身体功能	身体素质	身体形态
功能性	0.21^**	0.13^**	0.19^**	0.07^*
互动性	0.16^**	0.08^**	0.14^**	0.07^*
批判性	0.10^**	0.09^**	0.09^**	0.01
认知	0.18^**	0.11^**	0.16^**	0.07^*
技能	0.20^**	0.12^**	0.18^**	0.06^*
知识与理念	0.18^**	0.11^**	0.16^**	0.07^*
选择食物	0.16^**	0.09^**	0.15^**	0.04
制作食物	0.10^**	0.10^**	0.08^**	0.06^*
摄入食物	0.17^**	0.10^**	0.16^**	0.05
总分	0.21^**	0.13^**	0.20^**	0.07^*
注： P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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