Association of health-related quality of life and parental companionship among middle school students
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摘要:
目的 了解中学生健康相关生活质量及其与父母陪伴等因素的关系，为开展学校和家庭健康教育提供参考。 方法 于2023年9—11月，在中国4个经济区划(辽宁省、北京市、四川省、山西省)通过方便抽样方法抽取4 594名中学生，使用结构化问卷调查学生的健康相关生活质量水平，采用t检验、方差分析和线性回归分析其与父母陪伴等因素的关系。 结果 中学生健康相关生活质量的平均得分为(140.99±21.38)分。不同地区、性别、学段、年级、是否住校、父母陪伴情况的中学生健康相关生活质量得分差异均有统计学意义(F/t值分别为20.73，8.62，16.71，105.70，-9.51，52.29，P值均 < 0.01)。线性回归分析显示，东部地区、男生、自我成绩评价较高、主观家庭社会经济地位较高、有父母陪伴的学生健康相关生活质量水平更高(β值分别为3.19，4.96，2.19，6.11，3.19)，年龄越大的学生健康相关生活质量水平更低(β=-2.34)(P值均 < 0.01)。 结论 中学生健康相关生活质量水平存在显著的地区差异，且与学生的父母陪伴情况有关。应加强学校健康教育的普及度，并重点关注日常不与父母一起生活的学生，为其提供更多的心理支持。 Abstract:Objective To understand the association of health-related quality of life of middle school students with parental companionship, so as to provide a reference for school and family health education. Methods From September to November 2023, 4 594 middle school students were selected through convenient sampling from four economic zones in China (Liaoning Province, Beijing City, Sichuan Province, Shanxi Province). Structured questionnaires were used to evaluate health-related quality of life among middle school students. The t-test, variance analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between health-related quality of life with parental companionship among middle school students. Results The average score of health-related quality of life among middle school students was (140.99±21.38). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of health-related quality life among middle school students in different regions, genders, educational stages, grades, whether they live on campus and parental companionship(F/t=20.73, 8.62, 16.71, 105.70, -9.51, 52.29, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that students who were living in eastern region, boys, with higher self-evaluation of academic performance, with higher subjective family socioeconomic status, with parental companionship (β=3.19, 4.96, 2.19, 6.11, 3.19), and older students had lower health-related quality of life levels (β=-2.34)(P < 0.01). Conclusions There are significant regional differences in the health-related quality of life levels among middle school students. It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of school health education and focus on students who do not live with their parents on a daily basis to provide more psychological support for them. -
Key words:
- Quality of life /
- Mental health /
- Legal guardians /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同人口学特征中学生健康相关生活质量得分比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of health-related quality of life scores in middle school students with different demographic characteristics(x±s)
人口学指标 选项 人数 生活质量得分 t/F值 P值 地区 东部 1 187 145.06±22.68 20.73 < 0.01 中部 955 138.61±21.09 西部 1 337 139.63±18.94 东北 1 115 140.32±22.36 性别 男 2 174 143.84±21.76 8.62 < 0.01 女 2 420 138.43±20.70 学段 初中 2 129 146.47±20.09 16.71 < 0.01 高中 2 465 136.25±21.33 年级 初一 1 161 148.87±18.61 105.70 < 0.01 初二 968 143.60±21.39 高一 1 213 135.42±21.25 高二 1 252 137.06±21.38 是否住校 是 2 349 138.08±20.26 -9.51 < 0.01 否 2 245 144.03±22.09 
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表 2 不同父母陪伴情况学生的健康相关生活质量各维度得分比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of health-related quality of life scores in various dimensions in students with different parental companionship situations(x±s)
父母陪伴情况 人数 社会心理功能 生理心理功能 生活环境 生活质量满意度 生活质量总分 父母双方陪伴 3 062 63.30±9.43 33.45±6.43 23.25±4.15 23.96±4.24 143.96±20.63 仅父亲陪伴 221 60.88±9.95 31.62±7.22 21.97±4.57 23.25±4.81 137.72±22.23 仅母亲陪伴 884 60.29±9.33 31.95±6.77 21.58±4.24 22.59±4.43 136.41±21.05 祖父母/外祖父母陪伴 389 57.67±10.24 30.92±6.72 20.30±4.50 21.88±4.43 130.77±21.55 其他人陪伴 38 56.71±11.87 30.63±8.42 21.82±5.37 22.84±5.14 132.00±25.52 合计 4 594 62.08±9.71 32.84±6.64 22.61±4.34 23.47±4.39 140.99±21.38 F值 45.10 21.95 61.20 32.30 52.29 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
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表 3 中学生健康相关生活质量相关因素的线性回归分析(n=4 594)
Table 3. Linear regression analysis on the related factors of health-related quality of life in middle school students(n=4 594)
自变量 单因素 多因素 β值(95%CI) P值 β值(95%CI) P值 地区 5.49(4.09~6.90) < 0.01 3.19(1.73~4.64) < 0.01 性别 5.40(4.18~6.63) < 0.01 4.96(3.85~6.07) < 0.01 年龄 -3.01(-3.38~-2.65) < 0.01 -2.34(-2.69~-2.00) < 0.01 是否住校 -5.96(-7.18~-4.73) < 0.01 -1.17(-2.45~0.11) 0.07 自我成绩评价 2.94(2.65~3.22) < 0.01 2.19(1.92~2.47) < 0.01 主观家庭社会经济地位 2.79(2.49~3.08) < 0.01 6.11(4.90~7.32) < 0.01 父母陪伴情况 8.90(7.61~10.18) < 0.01 3.19(1.73~4.64) < 0.01
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