发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能与社会适应能力的关系

尹菲菲; 肖欣雨; 张涵; 左彭湘; 李丹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024136

发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能与社会适应能力的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024136

石河子大学医学院护理系，新疆 832000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81760597

详细信息

作者简介:
尹菲菲(1999-)，女，四川达州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为临床护理及儿童发展性阅读障碍

通讯作者:
左彭湘，E-mail: zuo_pengxiang@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.1 Q427
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-04
- 修回日期: 2024-03-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Relationship between executive function and social adjustment in children with developmental dyslexia

Department of Nursing, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi (832000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能特点及其与社会适应能力的关系，为促进发展性阅读障碍儿童的健康发展提供科学依据。方法于2023年6—9月，采用整群随机抽样方法从新疆某地区2所小学三至六年级学生中筛选出发展性阅读障碍组、生理年龄匹配组及阅读水平匹配组各85名，采用Stroop程序、2-back程序以及数字转换程序分别评定各维度的执行功能，采用少年儿童社会适应量表评估社会适应能力。使用方差分析比较3组儿童执行功能和社会适应能力的差异，采用Pearson相关分析发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能和社会适应能力之间的关系。结果发展性阅读障碍组儿童的Stroop色词任务(0.72±0.21)、2-back任务(0.32±0.13)、数字转换任务(0.54±0.16)的正确率和社会适应总分(165.39±31.36)均低于生理年龄匹配组(0.80±0.19，0.38±0.11，0.61±0.15，181.71±31.85)和阅读水平匹配组(0.79±0.17，0.35±0.07，0.58±0.15，175.71±27.48)(F值分别为4.54, 5.05, 4.97, 6.31，P值均 < 0.01)。发展性阅读障碍组儿童执行功能的抑制(Stroop色词任务正确率)和转换子成分(数字转换任务正确率)与其社会适应能力均呈正相关(r值分别为0.34，0.43)，执行功能的刷新子成分(2-back任务正确率)与社会适应能力呈负相关(r=-0.27)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论发展性阅读障碍儿童存在执行功能缺陷和社会适应不良，且执行功能与社会适应相关。应采取相应措施提升发展性阅读障碍儿童的执行功能，改善社会适应能力。
- 阅读障碍 /
- 执行功能 /
- 社会适应 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of executive function of developmental dyslexic children and the relationship with social adaptability, in order to provide a scientific basis for promoting healthy development of developmental dyslexic children. Methods From June to September 2023, 85 students in the developmental dyslexia group, 85 students in the biological age-matched group and 85 students in the reading level-matched group were selected from the third to sixth grades of two elementary school in a region of Xinjiang by cluster random sampling method. Their executive function was assessed by the Stroop procedure, the 2-back procedure and the numerical conversion procedure, respectively, and their social adaptive ability was assessed by the Social Adaptation Scale for Children and Adolescents. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in executive function and social adjustment among the three groups, and Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between executive function and social adjustment in developmental dyslexic children. Results Children in the developmental dyslexia group had lower correctness on the Stroop color-word task (0.72±0.21), the 2-back task (0.32±0.13), the digit-switching task (0.54±0.16) and the total score of social adjustment (165.39±31.36) than children in the biological age-matched (0.80±0.19, 0.38±0.11, 0.61±0.15, 181.71±31.85) and reading level-matched group (0.79±0.17, 0.35±0.07, 0.58±0.15, 175.71±27.48) (F=4.54, 5.05, 4.97, 6.31, P < 0.01). The inhibition (Stroop color-word task correct rate) and conversion subcomponent (digit-switching task correct rate) of the executive function of children in the developmental dyslexia group were both positively correlated with their social adaptive ability (r=0.34, 0.43), and the refreshing subcomponent of the executive function (2-back task correct rate) was negatively correlated with their social adaptive ability (r=-0.27) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Children with developmental dyslexia have executive function deficits and social maladjustment, and their executive function is related to social adjustment. Measures should be taken to improve the executive function of developmental dyslexic children and to improve their social adaptation.
- Dyslexia /
- Executive function /
- Social adjustment /
- Mental health /
- Child
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表 1 不同组别儿童执行功能测验结果比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of the results of executive function tests for different groups of children (x±s)

组别	人数	Stroop色词任务		2-back任务		数字转换任务
组别	人数	正确率	反应时/ms	正确率	反应时/ms	转换反应时/ms	不转换反应时/ms	转换代价反应时/ms	转换正确率	不转换正确率	转换代价正确率
发展性阅读障碍组	85	0.72±0.21	1 243±740	0.32±0.13	354±199	587±178	574±181	13±219	0.54±0.16	0.54±0.13	0.00±0.14
生理年龄匹配组	85	0.80±0.19	1 031±612	0.38±0.11	280±163	555±227	524±214	31±359	0.61±0.15	0.59±0.14	0.02±0.18
阅读水平匹配组	85	0.79±0.17	1 182±553	0.35±0.07	324±199	563±244	529±230	33±348	0.58±0.15	0.57±0.19	0.01±0.22
F值		4.54^**	2.49	5.05^**	3.44^*	0.42	1.47	0.11	4.97^**	2.90	0.20
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。数字转换任务中转换代价是转换条件反应时/正确率与不转换条件反应时/正确率的差值。

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表 2 不同组别儿童社会适应得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of social adjustment scores for different groups of children(x±s)

组别	人数	人际友好	活动参与	学习自主	生活独立	环境满意	人际协调	社会认同	社会活力	社会关系与观念适应	学习与学校适应	生活与活动适应	社会适应总分
发展性阅读障碍组	85	21.34±4.84	17.49±4.03	20.79±4.69	17.68±4.24	17.92±4.10	16.71±3.47	13.71±3.60	14.07±3.49	65.82±13.22	38.71±8.20	35.65±7.59	165.39±31.36
生理年龄匹配组	85	23.05±4.32	19.81±4.05	22.21±3.81	18.00±4.39	19.40±4.35	18.22±3.88	15.27±3.62	15.27±3.62	72.68±13.40	43.86±8.55	38.94±7.34	181.71±31.85
阅读水平匹配组	85	23.64±4.90	18.28±4.53	23.00±4.09	19.13±3.98	20.20±4.09	17.36±4.15	14.52±3.15	15.55±3.11	71.09±11.25	40.69±8.44	37.51±6.50	175.71±27.48
F值		5.48^**	6.66^**	6.02^**	2.77	6.52^**	3.33^*	4.35^*	4.52^*	6.84^*	8.14^**	4.53^*	6.31^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 3 发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能与社会适应能力的相关性(r值，n=85)

Table 3. Correlation between executive function and social adjustment in children with developmental dyslexia (r, n=85)

变量	学习自主	环境满意	学习与学校适应	活动参与	生活与活动适应	人际协调	人际友好	社会认同	社会活力	社会关系与观念适应	社会适应总分
2-back任务正确率	-0.16	-0.29^**	-0.24^*	-0.28^**	-0.36^**	-0.29^**	-0.26^*	-0.14	-0.32^**	-0.29^**	-0.27^*
stroop色词任务正确率	0.31^**	0.24^*	0.30^**	0.31^**	0.29^**	0.29^**	0.21	0.18	0.35^**	0.30^**	0.34^**
数字转换任务正确率	0.40^**	0.39^**	0.43^**	0.30^**	0.32^**	0.35^**	0.41^**	0.39^**	0.40^**	0.45^**	0.43^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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