青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系

吴慧攀; 尹小俭; 陈福乐; 郭亚茹; 张颖坤; 王进贤; 单影; 施利娟; 马渊源

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024086

青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024086

吴慧攀^{1, 2},
尹小俭^{3, 4},
陈福乐^5, ,,
郭亚茹⁴,
张颖坤⁶,
王进贤²,
单影⁷,
施利娟⁸,
马渊源⁹

1.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心, 山西 030008
2.
中北大学体育学院
3.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
广西职业师范学院体育教学部
6.
山西医科大学公共卫生学院
7.
华东师范大学第二附属中学附属初级中学
8.
上海教师教育学院
9.
吉首大学体育科学学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

山西省教育科学"十四五"规划2022年专项课题 SJ-22002

详细信息

作者简介:
吴慧攀(1983-), 男, 山西长治人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为青少年健康促进

通讯作者:
陈福乐, E-mail: 395710143@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R322.3⁺⁵ R331.3⁺¹ Q427
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-29
- 修回日期: 2024-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adolescents

WU Huipan^{1, 2},
YIN Xiaojian^{3, 4},
CHEN Fule^{5
, ,},
GUO Yaru⁴,
ZHANG Yingkun⁶,
WANG Jinxian²,
SHAN Ying⁷,
SHI Lijuan⁸,
MA Yuanyuan⁹

1.
Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan (030008), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中国青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系, 为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2022年9—12月, 在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5 018名13~18岁青少年进行心肺耐力和执行功能测试。采用Pearson相关、线性分层回归分析心肺耐力与执行功能的关系。结果被试青少年最大摄氧量(VO_2max)与刷新功能反应时(1-back、2-back)和转换功能反应时均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P值均 < 0.01)。线性回归分析显示, VO_2max与执行功能的刷新(1-back、2-back)、转换功能反应时呈负相关(B值分别为-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P值均 < 0.01)。结论青少年心肺耐力越高, 执行功能表现越好。青少年应加强中高强度心肺耐力锻炼, 从而促进执行功能的改善。
- 心脏 /
- 肺 /
- 执行功能 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of Chinese adolescents' physical and mental health. Methods From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. Pearson's correlation and linear hierarchical regression were performed to analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functions. Results Among the sample of adolescents, maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) was negatively correlated with the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion executive function responses (r=-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that VO_2max was negatively correlated with the reaction times of the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion functions (B=-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P < 0.01). Conclusions Higher cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents is associated with better performance in executive function. Teenagers should strengthen high-intensity cardiopulmonary endurance exercise to promote the improvement of executive function.
- Heart /
- Lung /
- Executive function /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同性别各年龄组青少年心肺耐力情况(x±s)

Table 1. Cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents of different genders and ages(x±s)

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	20 m SRT/次	VO_2max/[mL·(kg·min)^-1]
13	男	426		35(22，50)	48.39±8.62
	女	417		30(19，41)	42.80±6.59
			Z/t值	-4.64	10.57
14	男	449		37(25，53)	49.57±8.59
	女	435		30(20，40)	41.65±6.77
			Z/t值	-7.33	15.19
15	男	430		41(30，56)	49.44±8.28
	女	408		32(24，40)	42.07±5.71
			Z/t值	-8.10	14.91
16	男	387		45(34，58)	49.59±7.38
	女	397		33(25，42)	42.13±5.30
			Z/t值	-9.18	16.30
17	男	462		45(35，60)	49.02±7.54
	女	448		30(22，40)	40.86±5.54
			Z/t值	-12.96	18.55
18	男	422		46(36，60)	48.36±7.75
	女	337		29(21，39)	39.81±5.29
			Z/t值	-13.24	17.27
总体	男	2 576		42(30，57)	49.06±8.06
	女	2 442		31(22，40)	41.60±5.99
			Z/t值	-22.44	37.07
注：20 m SRT数据不符合正态分布，用M(P₂₅，P₇₅)描述。P值均＜0.01。

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表 2 不同性别各年龄组青少年执行功能反应时[M(P₂₅，P₇₅), ms]

Table 2. Executive function responses of adolescents of different genders and ages[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), ms]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
13	男	426		3.59(-11.08，17.37)	776.60(617.48，928.60)	1 008.45(725.86，1 242.37)	299.70(203.30，383.70)
	女	417		3.59(-9.86，18.11)	821.08(613.54，967.80)	1 065.20(741.86，1 282.78)	310.11(206.47，434.71)
			Z值	0.30	1.43	1.37	2.20
			P值	0.77	0.15	0.17	0.03
14	男	449		3.90(-9.69，18.55)	798.00(652.52，925.26)	1 042.20(783.82，1 270.56)	290.20(210.63，376.89)
	女	435		3.59(-10.40，18.54)	796.20(632.52，914.48)	1 076.60(870.84，1 311.48)	320.55(252.94，425.94)
			Z值	-1.13	-0.13	1.49	3.86
			P值	0.26	0.90	0.14	＜0.01
15	男	430		3.59(-9.33，19.53)	811.64(659.57，981.75)	1 008.93(1 008.93，1 232.03)	289.25(289.25，383.95)
	女	408		3.59(-10.41，16.45)	815.54(674.25，1015.85)	1 065.78(882.80，1 348.37)	317.05(270.22，407.20)
			Z值	-0.87	0.74	2.83	3.96
			P值	0.39	0.46	＜0.01	＜0.01
16	男	387		3.59(-6.98，16.52)	804.20(686.28，977.24)	1 093.84(937.20，1 325.24)	289.25(239.80，375.89)
	女	397		3.90(-6.86，18.26)	770.72(662.10，935.76)	1 078.48(917.62，1 326.48)	319.78(279.66，407.11)
			Z值	0.90	-2.14	-0.01	4.05
			P值	0.37	0.03	0.99	＜0.01
17	男	462		5.18(-5.50，18.33)	787.18(656.95，897.97)	1 009.59(816.07，1 240.23)	289.25(229.30，363.46)
	女	448		3.69(-6.05，17.90)	753.24(647.53，921.32)	1 038.88(716.91，1 235.04)	289.25(231.27，368.63)
			Z值	-0.39	-1.29	-0.72	0.80
			P值	0.69	0.20	0.47	0.42
18	男	422		4.67(-7.09，17.71)	781.64(660.96，906.27)	1 040.46(864.74，1 258.67)	289.25(243.27，243.27)
	女	337		4.02(-6.33，18.67)	775.92(665.22，929.38)	1 046.48(835.98，1 257.46)	306.52(249.91，408.01)
			Z值	0.19	0.36	-0.08	2.74
			P值	0.85	0.72	0.94	0.01
总体	男	2 576		3.59(-8.21，18.03)	792.74(656.73，933.81)	1 031.52(830.01，1 260.53)	289.25(225.09，373.45)
	女	2 442		3.59(-8.44，18.07)	788.10(655.45，942.66)	1 063.02(835.38，1 295.64)	310.07(250.64，409.26)
			Z值	-0.53	-0.28	2.18	7.10
			P值	0.60	0.78	0.03	＜0.01

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表 3 不同性别各年龄组青少年VO_2max与执行功能反应时的相关性(r值，n=5 018)

Table 3. Correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and executive function response time of adolescents of different ages(r, n=5 018)

性别	年龄/岁	人数	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
男	13	426	-0.026	-0.112^*	-0.075	-0.097^*
	14	449	0.009	-0.189^**	-0.287^**	-0.179^**
	15	430	-0.038	-0.197^**	-0.208^**	-0.157^**
	16	387	0.094	-0.065	-0.008	-0.056
	17	462	0.052	0.020	-0.005	-0.002
	18	422	-0.063	-0.087	-0.029	0.013
	小计	2 576	0.002	-0.109^**	-0.106^**	-0.087^**
女	13	417	-0.030	-0.100^*	-0.126^**	-0.078
	14	435	-0.056	-0.005	-0.127^**	-0.083
	15	408	-0.005	-0.052	-0.195^**	-0.110^*
	16	397	0.031	-0.019	-0.052	-0.023
	17	448	-0.071	0.006	-0.211^**	-0.147^**
	18	337	0.002	0.047	-0.241^**	-0.142^**
	小计	2 442	-0.032	-0.025	-0.143^**	-0.084^**
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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表 4 青少年VO_2max与抑制功能、1-back及2-back反应时的线性回归分析(n=5 018)

Table 4. Linear regression between VO_2max and inhibitory functional response in adolescents(n=5 018)

常量与自变量	抑制功能			1-back
常量与自变量	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)
常量	4.26	-0.27	-1.13(-9.48~7.21)	53.50	17.70	946.95(842.07~1 051.83)^**
年龄	0.75	-1.14	-0.85(-2.31~0.62)	9.38	-2.37	-22.27(-40.66~-3.88)^*
性别	0.20	2.78	0.54(0.16~0.92)^**	2.45	1.42	3.47(-1.34~8.27)
VO_2max	0.05	-0.70	-0.03(-0.12~0.06)	0.58	-5.12	-2.99(-4.13~-1.84)^**

常量与自变量	2-back			转换功能
常量与自变量	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)
常量	68.40	20.87	1 427.58(1 293.48~1 561.68)^**	25.15	16.13	405.73(356.42~455.05)^**
年龄	11.99	-2.75	-32.95(-56.46~-9.44)^**	4.41	3.45	15.19(6.55~23.84)^**
性别	3.13	-1.28	-4.01(-10.16~2.13)	1.15	-2.64	-3.04(-5.30~-0.78)^**
VO_2max	0.75	-8.64	-6.44(-7.90~-4.98)^**	0.27	-6.17	-1.69(-2.23~-1.16)^**
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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