家庭功能和父母教养方式与高年级小学生焦虑症状的关系

黄翠虹; 郭丽玲; 郭蓝; 郭仰峰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024079

家庭功能和父母教养方式与高年级小学生焦虑症状的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024079

1.
中山大学公共卫生学院，广东广州 510080
2.
广州市中小学卫生健康促进中心学校卫生工作部

基金项目:

广东省自然科学基金项目 2022A1515012333

详细信息

作者简介:
黄翠虹(1997-)，女，海南万宁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为心理行为健康流行病学

通讯作者:
郭仰峰，E-mail: 1075540089@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G78 G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-07
- 修回日期: 2024-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Associations of family functioning and parental styles with anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students

1.
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (510080), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解广州市高年级小学生焦虑症状流行现状及其与家庭功能和父母教养方式的相关性，为后期儿童焦虑症状的家庭干预提供理论依据和指导建议。方法于2022年6—9月，采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，抽取广州市13所小学四至六年级5 396名学生，采用儿童用家庭功能评估量表、父母教养问卷和中文版Spence儿童焦虑量表进行问卷调查。采用线性回归分析探讨家庭功能和父母教养方式对高年级小学生焦虑症状的影响。结果广州市高年级小学生焦虑症状平均得分为(11.63±10.88)分。在教养方式方面，母亲在“关爱”和“控制”维度(25.63±4.92，5.08±2.58)上的得分均高于父亲(24.74±5.50，5.00±2.51)(t值分别为15.80，4.21，P值均＜0.01)；但父亲(12.98±4.06)和母亲(13.05±3.95)在“鼓励自主性”维度上的得分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.77，P>0.05)。在校正一般人口学特征后，线性回归分析结果显示，小学生家庭功能(B=0.47)、父亲和母亲“控制”(B值分别为0.67，0.75)与焦虑症状得分均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01)；父母“关爱”(B值分别为-0.53, -0.55)和“鼓励自主性”(B值分别为-0.62, -0.68)与焦虑症状得分均呈负相关(P值均＜0.01)，且该关联在进一步校正家庭功能后仍有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。结论家庭功能和父母教养方式与高年级小学生焦虑症状密切联系。良好的家庭功能和积极的父母教养方式可能有助于缓解儿童焦虑症状，而父母过度控制的教养方式可能会增加儿童焦虑症状的风险。
- 家庭 /
- 教育 /
- 焦虑 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students in Guangzhou and their correlation with family functioning and parental parenting styles, so as to provide theoretical basis and guidance for family-based interventions for children's anxiety symptoms. Methods From June to September 2022, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was employed to select 5 396 students from grades 4 to 6 in 13 primary schools in Guangzhou. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale for Children, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version were used for the survey. Inter group comparison was analysed by t-test or analysis of variance. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of family function and parental parenting styles on anxiety symptoms in primary school students. Results The average score for anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students in Guangzhou was (11.63±10.88). In terms of parenting styles, mothers scored higher than fathers in the dimensions of "care" (25.63±4.92) and "control" (5.08±2.58) compared to fathers (24.74±5.50, 5.00±2.51) (t=15.80, 4.21, P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of parents on the dimension of "encouragement of independence"(12.98±4.06, 13.05±3.95)(t=-1.77, P>0.05). After adjusting for general demographic characteristics, the results of linear regression analysis showed that primary school students family functioning (B=0.47) and parental "control" (B=0.67, 0.75) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms scores (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, parental "care" (B=-0.53, -0.55) and "encouragement of independence" (B=-0.62, -0.68) were negatively associated with anxiety symptom scores (P < 0.01). These associations remained statistically significant even after further adjusting for family functioning (P < 0.01). Conclusions Family functioning, parenting styles are closely associated with anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students. Positive family functioning and parenting styles may mitigate childhood anxiety symptoms, whereas excessive parental control may increase the risk of childhood anxiety symptoms.
- Family /
- Education /
- Anxiety /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征高年级小学生的焦虑症状得分比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of anxiety symptom scores of high-grade primary school students in different demographic characteristics [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	焦虑症状	Z/H值	P值
性别	男	2 891	8.0(2.0，15.0)	-9.87	＜0.01
	女	2 505	11.0(4.0，19.0)
年级	四	2 121	9.0(3.0，17.0)	7.16	0.03
	五	1 984	10.0(3.0，18.0)
	六	1 291	9.0(3.0，16.0)
家庭经济情况	高	3 652	8.0(2.0，16.0)	154.59	＜0.01
	一般	1 555	11.0(5.0，19.0)
	低	189	17.0(10.5，27.0)
家庭关系	比较融洽	4 699	8.0(3.0，16.0)	194.92	＜0.01
	一般	480	12.0(7.0，21.0)
	较多矛盾	217	18.0(12.0，18.0)
和同学关系	较好	4 807	8.0(3.0，16.0)	187.86	＜0.01
	一般	485	14.0(9.0，24.0)
	较差	104	17.0(8.0，30.0)
和老师关系	较好	4 611	8.0(2.0，16.0)	198.34	＜0.01
	一般	692	13.0(8.0，22.0)
	较差	93	14.0(9.0，28.5)

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表 2 高年级小学生家庭功能父母教养方式和焦虑症状的相关性分析(r值，n=5 396)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of family functioning, parental style and anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students(r, n=5 396)

变量	家庭功能	焦虑症状
家庭功能	1.00	0.48
父亲关爱	-0.66	-0.34
父亲鼓励自主性	-0.55	-0.29
父亲控制	0.31	0.18
母亲关爱	-0.64	-0.32
母亲鼓励自主性	-0.53	-0.31
母亲控制	0.32	0.20
注： P值均＜0.01。

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表 3 高年级小学生家庭功能和父母教养方式与焦虑症状关联的线性回归分析[B值(95%CI)，n=5 396]

Table 3. Linear regression analysis of the association of family functioning and parenting styles with anxiety symptoms among high-grade primary school students[B(95%CI), n=5 396]

自变量	模型1	模型2	模型3
父亲关爱	-0.67(-0.72~-0.62)^**	-0.53(-0.58~-0.47)^**	-0.03(-0.09~0.03)
父亲鼓励自主性	-0.79(-0.85~-0.72)^**	-0.62(-0.69~-0.55)^**	-0.10(-0.18~-0.03)^**
父亲控制	0.78(0.67~0.89)^**	0.67(0.56~0.78)^**	0.18(0.07~0.29)^**
母亲关爱	-0.71(-0.76~-0.65)^**	-0.55(-0.61~-0.49)^**	-0.02(-0.09~0.05)
母亲鼓励自主性	-0.84(-0.91~-0.77)^**	-0.68(-0.75~-0.61)^**	-0.19(-0.26~-0.11)^**
母亲控制	0.86(0.75~0.97)^**	0.75(0.65~0.86)^**	0.27(0.17~0.37)^**
家庭功能	0.50(0.48~0.53)^**	0.47(0.45~0.50)^**	—
注： **P＜0.01。

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