拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高与超重肥胖及其共病影响因素分析

廉启国; 次仁央宗; 王延会; 赵俊美; 卢玉鑫; 李娜; 赵文虎; 邓莉萍; 刘志浩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024076

拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高与超重肥胖及其共病影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024076

1.
西藏自治区拉萨市疾病预防控制中心(西藏拉萨市卫生监督所)公共卫生科，850005
2.
上海市生物医药技术研究院上海疾病与健康基因组学重点实验室
3.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心健康教育所

基金项目:

西藏自治区自然科学基金组团式援藏医学项目 XZ2023ZR-ZY25(Z)

详细信息

作者简介:
廉启国(1980-)，男，山西万荣人，博士，副研究员，主要从事青少年发育与行为方面工作

通讯作者:
刘志浩，E-mail：37894479@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R714.252 R723.14
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-13
- 修回日期: 2024-02-04
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Analysis of factors influencing elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa City

1.
Institute of Public Health, Lhasa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Lhasa Municipal Health Supervision Institute, Lhasa (850005), Xizang Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的流行现状，并分析其生活方式及其影响因素，为制定高海拔地区儿童青少年血压偏高、超重肥胖干预措施提供依据。方法于2021年9月采用分层整群随机抽样方法，选取拉萨市藏族1 488名初、高中学生进行血压测量、体格检查并对人口学特征和生活方式进行问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的影响因素。结果拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高检出率为17.8%，超重肥胖检出率为17.4%，血压偏高与超重肥胖共病检出率为5.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄(OR=0.81)、居住地、体质量指数(BMI)、性别是藏族中学生血压偏高的影响因素，女生血压偏高发生风险高于男生(OR=1.89)，郊县学生风险高于城区学生(OR=8.06)，BMI超重组和肥胖组风险高于正常组(OR值分别为2.55，2.87)(P值均 < 0.05)；调整性别、居住地、学校等混杂因素后，血压偏高额外调整了BMI，每日视屏时间≥2 h与血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的发生均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.56, 1.59, 2.51)(P值均＜0.05)。结论拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖检出率较高，每日视屏时间较长是藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖和共病的共同影响因素。应采取相应措施对藏族学生进行生活方式干预，以减少藏族中学生血压偏高和超重肥胖的发生。
- 血压 /
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 共病现象 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa, and to analyze their association with lifestyle and other factors, so as to provide a basis for the intervention measures targeting elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity among middle school students in high altitude area. Methods Using a stratified cluster random sampling method in September 2021, a total of 1 488 Tibetan junior and high students from Lhasa City were investigated with blood pressure measurement, physical examination and questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity and their comorbidities association were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and their comorbidities were 17.8%, 17.4%, 5.0% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=0.81), residence, body mass inex(BMI) and gender were the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure; and the risks of elevated blood pressure in female students were higher than male students (OR=1.89), suburban students were higher than urban students (OR=8.06), overweight and obesity groups were higher than normal groups (OR=2.55, 2.87) (P < 0.05). Adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, residence and school, and BMI (only for elevated blood pressure), daily screen time ≥2 h was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and its comorbidities (OR=1.56, 1.59, 2.51) (P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity are relatively high in Lhasa. Longer screen time is a common factor affecting with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and comorbidities among Tibetan students. Measures should be taken intervene in the lifestyle of Tibetan students, in order to reduce elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity.
- Blood pressure /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Comorbidity /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 拉萨市不同组别藏族中学生超重肥胖、血压偏高及共病检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of overweight, obesity, elevated blood pressure and co-occurrence among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa

组别	选项	人数	统计值	血压偏高	超重肥胖	共病
年龄/岁	≤12	111		14 (12.6)	29(26.1)	5(4.5)
	13	261		68 (26.1)	56(21.5)	23(8.8)
	14	240		72(30.0)	51(21.2)	15(6.2)
	15	250		60(24.0)	42(16.8)	15(6.0)
	16	195		22(11.3)	20(10.3)	6(3.1)
	17	244		27(11.1)	35(14.3)	10(4.1)
	18	187		2(1.1)	26(13.9)	1(0.5)
			χ²值	94.14	20.66	18.99
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
居住地	城区	1 193		130(10.9)	204(17.1)	43(3.6)
	郊县	295		135(45.8)	55(18.6)	32(10.8)
			χ²值	196.42	0.39	25.93
			P值	< 0.01	0.53	< 0.01
性别	男	651		88(13.5)	100(15.4)	25(3.8)
	女	837		177(21.1)	159(19.0)	50(6.0)
			χ²值	14.56	3.37	3.48
			P值	< 0.01	0.07	0.06
学段	初中	769		194(25.2)	150(19.5)	51(6.6)
	高中	490		49(10.0)	81(16.5)	22(4.5)
	职高	229		22(9.6)	28(12.2)	2(0.9)
			χ²值	59.85	6.89	12.69
			P值	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01
住校情况	是	1 417		257(18.1)	251(17.7)	74(5.2)
	否	71		8(11.3)	8(11.3)	1(1.4)
			χ²值	2.18	1.95	2.06
			P值	0.14	0.16	0.15
每日视屏时间/h	≥2	793		145(18.3)	148(18.7)	47(5.9)
	＜2	327		43(13.1)	43(13.1)	9(2.8)
			χ²值	4.37	4.98	4.91
			P值	0.04	0.03	0.03
每日良好体育	是	227		46(20.3)	34(15.0)	10(4.4)
锻炼	否	1 261		219(17.4)	225(17.8)	65(5.2)
			χ²值	1.10	8.01	0.23
			P值	0.30	0.02	0.64
合计		1 488		265(17.8)	259(17.4)	75(5.0)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；每日视屏时间数据存在缺失值。

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表 2 不同人口学特征藏族中学生生活方式报告情况比较

Table 2. Comparison of the lifestyle rate of Tibetan middle school students with different demographic characteristics

组别	选项	人数	统计值	每日吃早餐	每日良好体育锻炼	每日视屏时间 < 2 h
居住地	城区	1 193		776(65.0)	125(10.5)	296(31.8)
	郊县	295		239(81.0)	102(34.6)	31(16.3)
			χ²值	27.82	106.24	18.37
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别	男	651		414(63.6)	146(22.4)	137(28.7)
	女	837		601(71.8)	81(9.7)	190(29.6)
			χ²值	11.38	46.04	0.12
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.73
学段	初中	769		532(69.2)	180(23.4)	175(30.9)
	高中	490		334(68.2)	23(4.7)	127(31.8)
	职高	229		149(65.1)	24(10.5)	25(16.2)
			χ²值	1.38	85.85	14.59
			P值	0.50	< 0.01	< 0.01
住校情况	是	1 417		964(68.0)	216(15.2)	318(29.7)
	否	71		51(71.8)	11(15.5)	9(18.4)
			χ²值	0.45	< 0.01	2.91
			P值	0.50	0.96	0.09
合计		1 488		1 015(68.2)	227(15.3)	327(29.2)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%；每日视屏时间数据存在缺失值。

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