Association of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with insomnia and depressive symptoms among first-grade middle school students from Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 探讨含糖饮料(SSB)消费及失眠症状与云南省初一年级学生抑郁症状的关联,为制定改善中学生抑郁症状的措施提供依据。 方法 2022年10—12月,采取整群随机抽样方法抽取云南省11个县8 500名初一年级学生进行问卷调查。利用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)、膳食频率问卷、失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)分别评估学生的抑郁症状、SSB消费情况和失眠症状。采用Logistic回归模型分析SSB消费、失眠及二者的交互效应与学生抑郁症状的关联。 结果 初一年级学生抑郁症状检出率为28.3%。存在失眠症状(OR=6.07,95%CI=5.46~6.75),有碳酸饮料(OR=1.20,95%CI=1.08~1.34)、茶饮料(OR=1.13,95%CI=1.02~1.25)、功能饮料(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.23~1.50)及其他饮料(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.19~1.45)的消费与初一年级学生抑郁症状均呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。碳酸饮料(相加效应:OR=2.96,95%CI=2.72~3.22;相乘效应:OR=4.75,95%CI=4.25~5.32)、果汁饮料(相加效应:OR=2.61,95%CI=2.40~2.82;相乘效应:OR=4.43,95%CI=3.94~4.97)、茶饮料(相加效应:OR=2.70,95%CI=2.47~2.89;相乘效应:OR=4.34,95%CI=3.86~4.89)、功能饮料(相加效应:OR=2.82,95%CI=2.61~3.05;相乘效应:OR=4.48,95%CI=3.92~5.12)、乳饮料(相加效应:OR=2.73,95%CI=2.06~2.96;相乘效应:OR=4.61,95%CI=4.12~5.17)、其他饮料(相加效应:OR=2.73,95%CI=2.53~2.95;相乘效应:OR=4.56,95%CI=4.00~5.20)和初一年级学生失眠症状均有相加和相乘效应,均增加了初一年级学生抑郁症状的风险(P值均<0.01)。 结论 SSB消费与失眠症状交互效应可能会增加云南省初一年级学生抑郁症状的风险。应倡导中学生减少SSB的摄入,以减少抑郁症状的发生。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with insomnia and depressive symptoms among first-grade middle school students from Yunnan Province, so as to provide evidence to guide interventions for the treatment of these symptoms in this population. Methods From October to December 2022, 8 500 first-grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province were selected by cluster random sampling. Depressive symptoms, SSB consumption, and insomnia symptoms among students were evaluated by the Child Depression Scale (CDI), dietary frequency questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and their interaction effects among students. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 28.3%, and having insomnia symptoms (OR=6.07, 95%CI=5.46-6.75), consuming carbonated beverages (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.08-1.34), tea (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.02-1.25), energy drinks (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.23-1.50), and other beverages (OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.19-1.45) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms among first-grade middle school students (P<0.05). Carbonated beverages (additive effect: OR=2.96, 95%CI=2.72-3.22, multiplicative effect: OR=4.75, 95%CI=4.25-5.32), fruit drinks (additive effect: OR=2.61, 95%CI=2.40-2.82; multiplicative effect: OR=4.43, 95%CI=3.94-4.97), tea (additive effect: OR=2.70, 95%CI=2.47-2.89; multiplicative effect: OR=4.34, 95%CI=3.86-4.89), energy drinks (additive effect: OR=2.82, 95%CI=2.61-3.05; multiplicative effect: OR=4.48, 95%CI=3.92-5.12), sweetened milk (additive effect: OR=2.73, 95%CI=2.06-2.96; multiplicative effect: OR=4.61, 95%CI=4.12-5.17) and other beverages (additive effect: OR=2.73, 95%CI=2.53-2.95; multiplicative effect: OR=4.56, 95%CI=4.00-5.20) had both additive and multiplicative effects with insomnia, and increased the risk of depressive symptoms in first-grade middle school students (P<0.01). Conclusions The interaction between the consumption of SSB and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among first-grade middle school students in Yunnan Province. It is necessary to advocate middle school students to reduce SSB intake, in order to decrease the occurrence of depressive symptoms among this population. -
Key words:
- Carbohydrates /
- Beverages /
- Sleep disorders /
- Depression /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同人口学特征初一年级学生抑郁症状评分比较
Table 1. Comparison of depressive symptoms scores among first-grade middle school students with different demographic characteristics
人口学指标 选项 人数 M(P25, P75) Z/χ2值 P值 人口学指标 选项 人数 M(P25, P75) Z/χ2值 P值 性别 男 4 184 13.00(9.00,19.00) -6.26 <0.01 父亲文化程度 小学未毕业/没有上过学 1 084 15.00(10.00,21.00) 67.37 <0.01 女 4 316 14.00(9.00,20.00) 小学 1 956 14.00(9.00,19.00) 民族 汉族 3 856 13.00(8.00,18.00) 9.12 <0.01 初中 3 931 13.00(9.00,19.00) 少数民族 4 644 14.00(9.00,20.00) 高中/中专 1 056 13.00(8.00,20.00) 家庭居住地 农村 6 558 14.00(9.00,20.00) -5.01 <0.01 大专及以上 473 12.00(7.00,18.00) 城镇 2 142 13.00(8.00,19.00) 母亲文化程度 小学未毕业/没有上过学 1 700 14.00(10.00,20.00) 79.97 <0.01 亲密朋友数量/个 0 184 16.00(11.00,23.00) 265.32 <0.01 小学 2 045 14.00(9.00,20.00) 1~2 761 18.00(12.00,24.00) 初中 3 472 13.00(9.00,19.00) 3~4 1 361 14.00(10.00,20.00) 高中/中专 872 13.00(8.00,20.00) 5~6 1 605 13.00(9.00,19.00) 大专及以上 411 11.00(7.00,18.00) >7 4 589 13.00(8.00,18.00) 父亲职业 公职人员b 4 173 14.00(9.00,19.00) 34.47 <0.01 独生子女 是 1 256 14.00(9.00,21.00) -0.87 0.38 工人 502 12.00(7.00,19.00) 否 7 244 13.50(9.00,19.00) 公司职员 1 798 14.00(9.00,20.00) 家庭类型 双亲 6 878 13.00(9.00,19.00) 53.46 <0.01 商人 659 13.00(8.00,18.00) 单亲 862 14.00(10.00,21.00) 农民 269 12.00(8.00,20.00) 组合a 617 15.00(10.00,21.00) 其他 1 099 14.00(9.00,21.00) 其他 143 16.00(9.00,23.00) 母亲职业 公职人员b 4 660 14.00(9.00,20.00) 36.44 <0.01 自评家庭经济状况 差 289 18.00(12.00,24.00) 234.14 <0.01 工人 409 12.00(7.00,18.00) 较差 838 17.00(11.00,24.00) 公司职员 1 047 14.00(9.00,20.00) 中等 6 000 13.00(9.00,19.00) 商人 758 13.00(9.00,19.00) 较好 992 12.00(8.00,18.00) 农民 324 12.00(8.00,19.00) 好 381 12.00(7.00,19.00) 其他 1 302 14.00(9.00,20.00) 注:()内数字为检出率/%。a有继父或继母,b为公务员及事业单位人员。 表 2 不同含糖饮料消费类型初一年级学生抑郁症状检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of detection rates of depression symptom among first-grade middle school students with different SSB consumption types
SSB类型 选项/
(瓶·周-1)人数 抑郁症状人数 χ2值 P值 SSB类型 选项/
(瓶·周-1)人数 抑郁症状人数 χ2值 P值 碳酸饮料 0 2 478 660(26.6) 81.08 <0.01 功能饮料 0 4 784 1 252(26.2) 62.65 <0.01 1~2 3 710 969(26.1) 1~2 2 724 770(28.3) 3~4 1 220 349(28.6) 3~4 576 213(37.0) 5~6 488 167(34.2) 5~6 187 69(36.9) ≥7 604 257(42.5) ≥7 229 98(42.8) 果汁饮料 0 2 888 830(28.7) 42.28 <0.01 乳饮料 0 2 475 703(28.4) 42.54 <0.01 1~2 3 770 981(26.0) 1~2 3 930 1 032(26.3) 3~4 1 058 308(29.1) 3~4 1 212 363(30.0) 5~6 375 117(31.2) 5~6 398 110(27.6) ≥7 409 166(40.6) ≥7 485 194(40.0) 茶饮料 0 3 276 898(27.4) 53.57 <0.01 其他饮料 0 4 761 1 245(26.1) 61.87 <0.01 1~2 3 538 944(26.7) 1~2 2 790 802(28.7) 3~4 960 285(29.7) 3~4 497 175(35.2) 5~6 310 95(30.6) 5~6 205 67(32.7) ≥7 416 180(43.3) ≥7 247 113(45.7) 注:()内数字为检出率/%。 表 3 初一年级学生含糖饮料消费与失眠及二者交互效应与抑郁症状的关联(n=8 500)
Table 3. Interaction between SSB consumption and insomnia and the association of depressive symptoms among first-grade middle school students(n=8 500)
自变量 模型1 模型2 β值 Wald χ2值 OR值(95%CI) P值 β值 Wald χ2值 OR值(95%CI) P值 碳酸饮料 0.11 4.55 1.12(1.01~1.25) 0.03 0.18 10.93 1.20(1.08~1.34) <0.01 果汁饮料 -0.04 0.50 0.97(0.87~1.07) 0.48 -0.01 0.02 0.99(0.90~1.10) 0.88 茶饮料 0.07 1.89 1.07(1.05~1.18) <0.01 0.12 5.68 1.13(1.02~1.25) 0.02 功能饮料 0.24 23.50 1.26(1.15~1.39) <0.01 0.31 37.44 1.36(1.23~1.50) <0.01 乳饮料 -0.01 0.04 0.99(0.89~1.10) 0.85 -0.01 0.02 0.99(0.89~1.11) 0.89 其他饮料 0.24 23.70 1.27(1.15~1.39) <0.01 0.28 30.52 1.32(1.19~1.45) <0.01 失眠 1.86 1 225.53 6.44(5.80~7.14) <0.01 1.80 1 105.20 6.07(5.46~6.75) <0.01 失眠×碳酸饮料 1.58 796.41 4.86(4.36~5.43) <0.01 1.56 733.83 4.75(4.25~5.32) <0.01 失眠×果汁饮料 1.52 699.14 4.58(4.09~5.13) <0.01 1.49 632.70 4.43(3.94~4.97) <0.01 失眠×茶饮料 1.49 650.23 4.44(3.96~4.98) <0.01 1.47 597.06 4.34(3.86~4.89) <0.01 失眠×功能饮料 1.50 515.50 4.46(3.92~5.08) <0.01 1.50 487.09 4.48(3.92~5.12) <0.01 失眠×乳饮料 1.57 791.35 4.80(4.30~5.36) <0.01 1.53 703.74 4.61(4.12~5.17) <0.01 失眠×其他饮料 1.53 547.55 4.63(4.07~5.26) <0.01 1.52 508.33 4.56(4.00~5.20) <0.01 失眠+碳酸饮料 1.09 686.10 2.99(2.75~3.24) <0.01 1.09 653.97 2.96(2.72~3.22) <0.01 失眠+果汁饮料 1.00 585.45 2.66(2.45~2.87) <0.01 0.96 542.14 2.61(2.40~2.82) <0.01 失眠+茶饮料 0.99 626.18 2.68(2.48~2.89) <0.01 0.98 595.85 2.70(2.47~2.89) <0.01 失眠+功能饮料 1.02 723.96 2.78(2.58~2.99) <0.01 1.04 702.78 2.82(2.61~3.05) <0.01 失眠+乳饮料 1.03 617.27 2.79(2.58~3.03) <0.01 1.00 563.79 2.73(2.06~2.96) <0.01 失眠+其他饮料 1.01 719.22 2.75(2.56~2.96) <0.01 1.01 676.89 2.73(2.53~2.95) <0.01 -
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