小学生学习日运动负荷与体质的相关性

赵鹏瑞; 胡淞瀚; 吴枝桂; 丁天翠; 薛姣; 侯莉娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024028

小学生学习日运动负荷与体质的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024028

1.
北京师范大学体育与运动学院，100875
2.
北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心监测实施与结果应用部
3.
北京第二实验小学

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 NSFC 31971095

详细信息

作者简介:
赵鹏瑞(2000-)，男，河南洛阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为运动负荷生理监控

通讯作者:
侯莉娟，E-mail：houlj@bnu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-12
- 修回日期: 2023-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-01
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-25

Correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness among primary school students

1.
College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing (100875), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解小学生学习日运动负荷与体质的关系，为制定校内体育运动计划以及改善小学生体质健康管理提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法，于2023年5—6月分层随机选取北京市某小学6个班级共223名学生为研究对象，采用Polar Verity Sense心率臂带对学生学习日运动负荷进行监测，计算学习日中到高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间、学习日训练冲量(TRIMP)值，并根据体质测试内容进行体质等级评定。采用χ²检验和单因素Logistic回归分析法分析日运动负荷与体质评定等级之间的相关性，应用多因素有序Logistic回归分析探索体质评定等级的相关因素。结果小学生学习日MVPA平均时间为(21.65±17.48)min；学习日TRIMP值为(361.47±124.81)；小学生在室外课、零点体育、大课间和体育课后课间的MVPA时间分别为(8.86±8.56，9.41±10.47，1.97±3.12，2.46±2.57)min；在室外课、零点体育、大课间和体育课后课间的TRIMP值分别为(68.89±20.84，72.83±30.27，51.68±18.23，19.99±5.78)。单因素分析结果显示，不同性别、年级、体质量指数(BMI)的小学生体质评定等级构成差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.13，19.04，32.98，P值均 < 0.05)；学习日MVPA时间、室外课TRIMP值、零点体育TRIMP值、大课间TRIMP值和体育课后课间TRIMP值与体质评定等级关联均有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.07，1.05，1.02，1.03，1.11，P值均＜0.05)。多因素有序Logistic回归分析结果显示，小学生年级(低年级：OR=9.24，中年级：OR=7.81)、BMI(不正常：OR=0.21)、学习日MVPA时间(OR=1.06)、室外课TRIMP值(OR=1.05)与体质评定等级间相关性均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。结论不同年级、BMI、校内日运动负荷和室外课运动负荷与小学生体质之间存在正相关。应制定适合小学生的校内体育运动计划，增加学习日运动强度和时间，促进小学生体质健康管理。
- 运动活动 /
- 全身负荷 /
- 体质 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationship between daily exercise load and physical fitness of primary school students, so as to provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of on-campus physical education plans and the improvement of procedural physical health management for elementary school students. Methods A total of 223 students from 6 classes in a primary school in Beijing were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method from May to June 2023. The daily exercise load of the students was monitored by Polar Verity Sense heart rate armband. The duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and daily Training Impulse (TRIMP) value were calculated, and the related indexes of daily exercise load were analyzed. Chi-square test and univariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness assessment levels, and multi-factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of physical fitness assessment levels. Results The average time spent in MVPA was (21.65±17.48) min. The TRIMP value was (361.47±124.81). The time spent in MVPA of primary school students in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after-class PE were (8.86±8.56, 9.41±10.47, 1.97±3.12, 2.46±2.57) min, respectively. TRIMP values were (68.89±20.84, 72.83±30.27, 51.68±18.23, 19.99±5.78) in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after-class PE, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical fitness levels among students with different genders, grades, and BMI (χ²=7.13, 19.04, 32.98, P < 0.05). The duration of daily MVPA, along with TRIMP value during outdoor class, zero point sports, recess, and after PE class were all statistically significant with physical fitness levels (OR=1.07, 1.05, 1.02, 1.03, 1.11, P < 0.05). The results of multi-factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that the primary school grade (lower grade: OR=9.24, middle grade: OR=7.81), BMI (abnormal: OR=0.21), duration of daily MVPA in school (OR=1.06), and TRIMP value during outdoor class (OR=1.05) were statistically significant with physical fitness levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a positive correlation between physical fitness and different grades, BMI, daily exercise load, and outdoor exercise load. Increasing daily exercise load can improve students' physical health. It is suggested to tailor the school sports program to suit primary school students, increase both the intensity and duration of school daily sports, and promote procedural physical health management for elementary school students.
- Motor activity /
- Body burden /
- Body constitution /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别小学生体质评定等级构成比较

Table 1. Comparison of the composition of physical fitness assessment level of primary school students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	及格	良好	优秀	χ²值	P值
性别	男	118	10(8.47)	56(47.46)	52(44.07)	7.13	0.03
	女	105	3(2.86)	39(37.14)	63(60.00)
年级	低	76	1(1.32)	21(27.63)	54(71.05)	19.04	＜0.01
	中	73	5(6.85)	37(50.68)	31(42.47)
	高	74	7(9.46)	37(50.00)	30(40.54)
BMI	不正常	40	9(22.50)	22(55.00)	9(22.50)	32.98	＜0.01
	正常	183	4(2.19)	73(39.89)	106(57.92)
体育课时间	第1节	50	2(4.00)	20(40.00)	28(56.00)	8.13	0.23
	第2节	61	5(8.20)	30(49.18)	26(42.62)
	第3节	51	4(7.84)	25(49.02)	22(43.14)
	第5节	61	2(3.28)	20(32.79)	39(63.93)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 小学生体质评定等级的多因素有序Logistic回归分析(n=223)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of primary school students' physical fitness assessment level(n=223)

自变量		选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
性别		男	-0.50	0.34	2.17	0.14	0.61(0.32~1.18)
年级		低	2.22	0.49	20.52	＜0.01	9.24(3.53~24.14)
		中	2.06	0.52	15.55	＜0.01	7.81(2.81~21.69)
BMI		不正常	-1.58	0.42	14.03	＜0.01	0.21(0.09~0.47)
学习日MVPA时间			0.05	0.02	10.22	< 0.01	1.06(1.02~1.09)
TRIMP值	室外课		0.04	0.02	8.85	< 0.01	1.05(1.02~1.08)
	零点体育		-0.01	0.01	0.45	0.50	1.00(0.98~1.01)
	大课间		0.01	0.01	0.84	0.36	1.01(0.99~1.03)
	体育课后课间		-0.04	0.04	0.91	0.34	0.96(0.89~1.04)

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