北京市大学生2018—2022年艾滋病知识及态度变化

王欣心; 李彦奇; 肖丹朝

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024023

北京市大学生2018—2022年艾滋病知识及态度变化

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024023

1.
北京大学人民医院医院感染-疾病预防控制处，北京 100035
2.
北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治科

基金项目:

北京市科技重大专项项目 D171100003117002

详细信息

作者简介:
王欣心(1985-)，女，山西长治人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为传染病防控和医院感染控制

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R512.91 G479 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-26
- 修回日期: 2023-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-01
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-25

Changes of HIV knowledge and attitude among students in Beijing from 2018 to 2022

1.
Department of Nosocomial Infection and Disease Control, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing (100035), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨北京市大学生人群2008—2022年艾滋病病毒(HIV)知识、获取途径及对艾滋病态度变化情况，为制定针对性的艾滋病综合预防措施提供参考。方法 2018年1月至2022年12月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取北京市3 098名在读本科生，以调查问卷形式了解大学生5年艾滋病知识掌握情况、艾滋病知识获取途径及对艾滋病患者的态度。采用χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果北京市大学生2018—2022年艾滋病相关知识知晓≥8个问题的知晓率呈上升趋势，分别为66.93%，70.10%，72.14%，75.04%，76.89%，差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=19.20，P＜0.05)；5年调查中对“与他人共用牙刷、剃须刀或针刺器械可感染艾滋病”知晓率最高，分别为82.67%，83.01%，84.06%，84.99%，87.16%，差异无统计学意义(χ²=6.14，P>0.05)；对“使用新型毒品会增加感染艾滋病风险”知晓率最低，分别为50.08%，50.98%，52.98%，54.00%，59.23%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.87，P＜0.05)。2018—2022年大学生艾滋病知识获取的主要途径为互联网、艾滋病宣传资料、家人及亲朋好友告知；其中互联网途径获取艾滋病知识呈逐年上升趋势，分别占77.90%，80.88%，82.13%，83.03%，86.04%，差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=14.37，P＜0.01)。2018—2022年大学生“知道身边朋友为艾滋病患者后选择逐渐疏远”“接受和艾滋病患者握手”“支持限制艾滋病患者在公共场所活动”报告率较高，差异均无统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.95，2.45，2.17，P值均＞0.05)。结论北京市大学生2018—2022年对艾滋病知识的掌握情况仍有待提高，互联网是其获取艾滋病知识的主要途径，大学生人群对艾滋病患者歧视态度明显。应加强北京市大学生艾滋病相关知识的健康教育、宣传，引导其树立正确观念。
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 /
- 知识 /
- 态度 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the change of HIV knowledge, information access and attitude among college students in Beijing from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the formulation of targeted comprehensive prevention and control mesures for AIDS. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 098 undergraduate students in Beijing from January 2018 to December 2022, and a questionnaire was used to understand knowledge of HIV/AIDS among participants, information access and the attitude towards AIDS patients. Results The questionnaire showed that the awareness rate of college students who were correct in more than 8 questions regarding HIV/AIDS related knowledge showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022, which were 66.93%, 70.10%, 72.14%, 75.04% and 76.89%, respectively (P < 0.05). In the 5-year survey, the awareness rate of "sharing toothbrush, razor or acupuncture apparatus with others can be infected with AIDS" was the highest, accounting for 82.67%, 83.01%, 84.06%, 84.99%, 87.16%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=6.14, P>0.05). The awareness rate of "using new drugs will increase the risk of HIV infection" was the lowest, accounting for 50.08%, 50.98%, 52.98%, 54.00% and 59.23%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=12.87, P < 0.05). From 2018 to 2022, the main access to HIV/AIDS information were the Internet, AIDS publicity materials, and family and friends' notification. The acquisition of HIV/AIDS knowledge through the Internet showed an increasing trend by year, accounting for 77.90%, 80.88%, 82.13%, 83.03% and 86.04%, respectively, with statistical significance (χ_trend²=14.37, P < 0.05). Items of "choosing to gradually distance themselves after knowing that their friends around them are AIDS patients" "accepting to shake hands with AIDS patients", and "supporting and restricting activities of AIDS patients in public places" accounted for a relatively high proportion. During the year of 2018-2022, the diffences were not statistically significant (χ²=7.95, 2.45, 2.17, P>0.05). Conclusions HIV/AIDS knowledge among college students in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 needs to be improved. The Internet is the main way for college students to obtain HIV/AIDS knowledge. HIV/AIDS-related discrimination is high among participants. Comprehensive HIV-related knowledge education should be implemented to change the attitude of college students in Beijing.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Knowledge /
- Attitude /
- Students
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表 1 北京市大学生人群2018—2022年艾滋病知识知晓率比较

Table 1. Comparison of awareness of AIDS knowledge among college students in Beijing during 2018-2022

年份	人数	与他人共用牙刷、剃须刀或针刺器械可感染艾滋病	与艾滋病患者握手不会感染	蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病	使用新型毒品会增加感染艾滋病风险	艾滋病的主要传播方式为血液、性接触、母婴传播	正确使用安全套可减少艾滋病的传播	唾液不传染HIV	只与1个性伴侣发生性行为可减少艾滋病的传播	艾滋病是一种不可治愈的严重传染病	艾滋病患者结婚/就业/入学等权益受我国法律保护	知晓≥8题
2018	629	520(82.67)	446(70.91)	364(57.87)	315(50.08)	441(70.11)	509(80.92)	428(68.04)	472(75.04)	465(73.93)	501(79.65)	421(66.93)
2019	612	508(83.01)	441(72.06)	368(60.13)	312(50.98)	446(72.88)	502(82.03)	423(69.12)	465(75.98)	459(75.00)	490(80.07)	429(70.10)
2020	621	522(84.06)	468(75.36)	404(65.06)	329(52.98)	465(74.88)	523(84.22)	435(70.05)	478(76.97)	472(76.01)	509(81.96)	448(72.14)
2021	613	521(84.99)	484(78.96)	429(69.98)	331(54.00)	462(75.37)	527(85.97)	441(71.94)	479(78.14)	480(78.30)	508(82.87)	460(75.04)
2022	623	543(87.16)	510(81.87)	448(71.91)	369(59.23)	485(77.85)	549(88.12)	478(76.73)	499(80.10)	531(85.23)	536(86.04)	479(76.89)
合计	3 098	2 614(84.37)	2 349(75.82)	2 013(64.98)	1 656(53.45)	2 299(74.21)	2 610(84.25)	2 205(71.17)	2 393(77.24)	2 407(77.70)	2 544(82.12)	2 237(72.21)
χ²值		6.14	28.77	40.19	12.87	10.98	15.94	14.18	5.49	29.30	11.12	19.33
P值		0.19	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.02	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.24	＜0.01	0.03	＜0.01
注： ()内数字为知晓率/%。

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表 2 北京市大学生人群2018—2022年艾滋病知识获取途径比较

Table 2. Comparison of report rate of ways of obtaining AIDS knowledge among college students in Beijing during 2018-2022

年份	人数	艾滋病宣传资料	互联网	艾滋病知识讲座	家人、亲朋好友	医疗机构	报纸、书刊	其他
2018	629	447(71.07)	490(77.90)	220(34.98)	327(51.99)	283(44.99)	132(20.99)	119(18.92)
2019	612	453(74.02)	495(80.88)	232(37.91)	324(52.94)	276(45.10)	140(22.88)	128(20.92)
2020	621	466(75.04)	510(82.13)	242(38.97)	329(52.98)	285(45.89)	150(24.15)	102(16.43)
2021	613	467(76.18)	509(83.03)	239(38.99)	324(52.85)	282(46.01)	134(21.86)	109(17.78)
2022	623	480(77.05)	536(86.04)	257(41.25)	336(53.93)	293(47.03)	125(20.06)	106(17.01)
合计	3 098	2 313(74.66)	2 540(81.99)	1 190(38.41)	1 640(52.94)	1 419(45.80)	681(21.98)	564(18.21)
χ²值		7.10	14.99	5.50	0.48	0.68	3.70	5.22
P值		0.13	< 0.01	0.24	0.10	0.10	0.45	0.27
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 北京市大学生人群2018—2022年对艾滋病患者态度报告率比较

Table 3. Comparison of report rate of attitudes of college students towards AIDS patients in Beijing during 2018-2022

年份	人数	接受和艾滋病患者握手	接受和艾滋病患者共同工作	接受和艾滋病患者共同进餐	知道身边朋友为艾滋病患者后仍愿意保持正常交往	知道身边朋友为艾滋病患者后马上绝交	知道身边朋友为艾滋病患者后选择逐渐疏远	支持限制艾滋病患者在公共场所活动
2018	629	264(41.97)	81(12.88)	56(8.90)	62(9.86)	61(9.70)	472(75.04)	186(29.57)
2019	612	263(42.97)	80(13.07)	55(8.99)	60(9.80)	65(10.62)	453(74.02)	184(30.07)
2020	621	268(43.16)	84(13.53)	58(9.34)	63(10.14)	64(10.31)	467(75.20)	192(30.92)
2021	613	271(44.21)	86(14.03)	60(9.79)	58(9.46)	79(12.89)	473(77.16)	196(31.97)
2022	623	287(46.07)	94(15.09)	63(10.11)	60(9.63)	81(13.01)	499(80.10)	205(32.91)
合计	3 098	1 353(43.67)	425(13.72)	292(9.43)	303(9.78)	350(11.30)	2 364(76.31)	963(31.08)
χ²值		2.45	1.65	0.78	0.18	5.85	7.95	2.17
P值		0.65	0.80	0.94	1.00	0.21	0.10	0.71
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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