Influence of group psychological counseling on mental health of children with authoritarian mothers
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摘要:
目的 探讨团体心理辅导对母亲专制型教养方式下儿童心理状况的影响,为提高儿童的心理健康水平提供相应的依据和参考方法。 方法 于2022年11月至2023年2月,采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)和心理健康诊断测验(MHT),筛选出母亲是专制型教养方式,父亲的教养方式不属于权威型、专制型、民主型中的任何一种,且MHT总分≥65分的潍坊市四至六年级学生76名,并随机将学生及其母亲分到干预组和对照组。对照组:发送心理健康科普文章,每周2篇,发送8周,不做其他干预。干预组:在对照组基础上进行每周1次的团体辅导活动,每次干预时长1.5~2 h,持续8周。干预前后,学生填写家庭教养方式和心理健康诊断测验问卷。 结果 干预前,干预组和对照组学生在家庭教养方式的关爱、鼓励自主和控制3个因子上差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.43,-1.04,-0.81,P值均>0.05)。干预后,干预组较对照组学生在心理诊断测验全量表分、学习焦虑、对人焦虑、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向上显著下降(t值分别为-20.00,-5.06,-2.09,-3.36,-6.15,-4.76,-5.15,P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 持续的团体心理辅导可以切实有效地改善母亲专制型教养方式儿童的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向,极大提升心理健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of group psychological counseling on the mental health of children with mother's authoritarian parenting. Methods From November 2022 to February 2023, 76 students from grades 4 to 6 whose mother showed authoritarian parenting style, while fathers adopted no authoritative, authoritarian or democratic parenting style and who scored ≥65 on the total MHT were selected using the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PBI) and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT). All the participants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Before and after the intervention, participants filled out questionnaires on parental bonding instrument and mental health test. Control group: regular delivery of mental health education information, 2 times per week, for 8 weeks, without any other intervention. Intervention group: group counseling activities were conducted once a week. Each intervention lasted 1.5-2 hours and lasts for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants filled in the family parenting style and mental health screening questionnaires. Results After the intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the total scale score of the MHT, learning anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendency, physical symptoms, fear tendency, and impulsive tendency (t=-0.43, -1.04, -0.81, P>0.05). After intervention, the intervention group students showed a significant decrease in psychological diagnosis test scores, learning anxiety, anxiety towards others, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, phobic tendencies, and impulsive tendencies compared to the control group students (t=-20.00, -5.06, -2.09, -3.36, -6.15, -4.76, -5.15, P < 0.05). Conclusion Rregular group psychological counseling can effectively improve the academic anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, fearful and impulsive tendencies of students whose mothers with authoritarian parenting style, and greatly improve their mental health. -
Key words:
- Group processes /
- Mental health /
- Mothers /
- Education /
- Intervention studies /
- Child
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 团体心理辅导活动干预方案
Table 1. Intervention plan for group psychological counseling activities
阶段 辅导周期 辅导目的 辅导内容 辅助材料 暖身阶段(团体游戏) 第1周 通过亲子之间肢体接触,拉近孩子与母亲的距离,尽快进入团体氛围,提高团体质量。 1.游戏“松鼠与大树”。2.提问与分享:(1)讨论松鼠和大树分别代表的家庭角色是什么?各有什么特点,你为什么喜欢?(2)一起探讨“我”与家/家人的关系。 无 转换阶段(亲子关系探一探) 第2周 引导母亲探寻“自我评价”的根源,通过自助与互助发现真相,获得启发。体会被控制的孩子是怎样的感受。 1.母亲自我探索——自画像以“我是一个……的母亲”的句式,至少写出5个。2.讨论与分享:(1)你为什么这样看自己?(2)你的经历是什么?(3)它带给你什么启示?先组内分享,再分享。 A4纸,签字笔 第3周 引导学生制作“家庭纽扣图”,了解亲子矛盾产生的原因,找到矛盾根源,寻求解决方法。 1.播放小玉的故事——“妈妈请您听我说”。你有类似的沟通烦恼吗?2.我的家庭纽扣图:(1)学生分享家庭纽扣图;(2)分享,为何这个年龄与母亲的矛盾越来越多? 录音;纽扣;A4纸 工作阶段(亲子沟通悟一悟) 第4周 1.理解母亲为孩子成长付出的辛劳,主动与父母沟通;2.让母亲与孩子相互理解,建立起和谐的沟通模式;3.体验亲子之间内心深处存在的关心与爱。 1.导入。2.体验:母亲和孩子分别拉着橡皮筋的一端,感受拉力并体验,请观察拉力是怎样减少的?分享从橡皮筋的张力中想到什么?3.问卷调查:母亲写下对孩子的期待,孩子写下对母亲期待的回应。沟通如何改变自己,赢得未来。4.小结:发放《心得记录表》,填写并分享。 橡皮筋,心得记录表,A4纸,笔 第5周 利用雕塑演绎法和社会计量打分引导学生和母亲看到行为背后的感受和想法。 1.烦恼情景剧:学生A扮演妈妈,学生B扮演孩子。请A谈感受和想法,进行0~10打分。举起写有感受的纸做雕塑演绎。2.化解矛盾我有方法:请学生分享化解矛盾方法。 A4纸,笔 第6周 从亲子双方的角度去探索问题,建立彼此信任、平等互助的教养模式。 1.提出问题,暴露问题。2.讨论存在的困扰,亲子间看待自己有何差异?3.分析问题,探索根源。母亲分析在孩子眼中的优缺点,感受是什么?4.个案分析并总结 A4纸,笔 结束阶段(亲子沟通练一练) 第7周 聚焦于家庭教养的亲子沟通课,发现孩子的心理需要和期待的教养模式。 1.情境演练:两人一组,抽取情境信封,一位演母亲,另一位演孩子,演练孩子怎样与母亲沟通。2.课后拓展延伸:具体写“沟通一小步清单”。 A4纸,笔 第8周 帮助团体成员分享参加团体的心得和感受,结束团体,形成开放包容、接纳型的养育模式。 1.送礼物:每人写一封给母亲/孩子的信。2.分享、评估:(1)参加团体后的变化;(2)在团体中最大的收获?3.团体成员站成圈,在温馨的气氛中告别团体。 A4纸,笔 表 2 干预前后干预组与对照组心理诊断健康测验得分比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of MHT between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention(x±s)
组别 测试时间 人数 统计值 全量表分 学习焦虑 对人焦虑 孤独倾向 自责倾向 过敏倾向 身体症状 恐怖倾向 冲动倾向 干预组 前测 38 68.68±4.58 12.81±1.62 7.76±1.34 7.15±1.36 8.42±1.50 8.55±1.20 9.89±2.15 6.94±1.93 7.13±1.47 后测 38 43.26±1.26 9.31±2.70 5.39±1.83 3.42±1.95 6.65±2.05 6.68±1.67 5.31±1.94 2.86±2.17 3.60±2.21 差值 -25.42±3.92 -3.52±2.82 -2.36±2.21 -3.73±2.66 -1.76±2.83 -1.86±1.96 -4.57±2.47 -4.07±2.67 -3.52±2.26 t值 39.95 7.63 6.60 8.63 3.83 5.87 11.38 9.40 9.60 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 对照组 前测 38 68.15±3.91 12.86±1.41 8.23±1.21 7.76±1.61 8.31±1.35 8.28±1.11 9.15±2.45 6.78±1.86 6.73±1.94 后测 38 58.71±1.67 12.34±1.79 6.87±1.51 4.07±2.44 7.58±1.76 7.76±1.05 8.44±2.02 5.68±2.32 5.94±1.90 差值 -9.44±2.97 -0.52±2.26 -1.36±1.93 -3.68±2.64 -0.73±1.92 -0.52±1.48 -0.71±2.98 -1.11±2.76 -0.78±2.37 t值 19.57 1.43 4.35 8.59 2.35 2.18 1.46 2.46 2.05 P值 < 0.01 0.16 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.04 -
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